UnitGreek HeroesPPT課件

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1、PerseusHeraclesContents1. Birth of Perseus2. The Beheading of Medusa3. Rescue of Andromeda4. Fulfilling the Prophecy1. Birth of Heracles2. Twelve Labors of Heracles3. Heracles Love and Death第1頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseus第2頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 1: Birth of Perseusu Questions:1. Who was Perseus father and mother?2. W

2、hy did King Acrisius want to get rid of his daughter and her son?3. Why did Perseus undertake the impossible task of killing Medusa?第3頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 1: Birth of Perseusu Retell the story:King Acrisius of Argosprincess Danaeprophecy (grandson) in a tower or cell of bronze Zeusa shower of goldch

3、esta fisherman DictysKing Polydectesobstaclegiftbring / get the head of Medusa第4頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusau Questions :1. What did Medusa look like before the curse?2. Why was she turned into a terrible beast?3. How horrible was the gorgon Medusa?4. Why did Perseus agree to take

4、 up the act of beheading Medusa?5. How did he kill Medusa?第5頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第6頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第7頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第8頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第9頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 3: Rescue of Andromedau

5、 Questions :1 . W h y w a s Andromeda chained to the rock?2. How did Perseus win the young lady Andromeda?第10頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 3: Rescue of Andromeda第11頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPassage 4: Fulfilling the Prophecyu Questions :1. How did Perseus t a k e r e v e n g e o n Polydectes?2. What happened to Perseus g

6、randfather?第12頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 1. divine parentage (Zeus and Danae, princess) u 2. oracle/omen before birth (would kill the grandfather) u 3. unnatural / difficult conception/birth ( Zeus visited in the form of a shower of gold, in an underground bronze cell) 第13頁/共54頁P(yáng)

7、erseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 4. being abandoned (mother and son in a chest, floating on the sea)u 5. rescued by a low man in a new land (the island of Seriphos, by a fisherman Dictys)u 6. villain causing harm or giving challenge (Polydectes wants to get rid of him by demanding a gift/ Gor

8、gon Medusas head) u 7. agreeing to accomplish the task and leaving home 第14頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 8. receiving from the donor a magical agent/object which helps in quest (Hermes and Athena helped to find the Graeae to learn how to reach the nymphs for winged sandals, a magic

9、bag, and the helmet of invisibility; Hermes gives him the harpe/sickle; Athena gives a shield of polished bronze.) u 9. combat with the monster (cuts off Medusas head)第15頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 10. adventure on his way home ( to petrify Atlas, to rescue Princess Andromeda from

10、 the sea monster and fight her fianc) u 11. returning home and killing the villain ( by turning him into stone with the head)第16頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 12. marriage and kingship (gives kingship to Dictys, marries Andromeda and returnes to Argos for kingdom) u 13. the oracle fu

11、lfilled (kills grandfather Acrisius with a discus, exchanges kingship with his cousin and becomes king of Tiryns)第17頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPerseus as the most perfect Greek herou 1. Typical divine hero divine birth successful adventures to prove his extraordinary strength and wisdom a destroyer of monster emb

12、odiment of honesty, generosity, strength, wisdom and justice living an ordained life 第18頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusPerseus as the most perfect Greek herou 2. Perfect man a man of ration and passion strong sense of public and private responsibility (perfect relationship; filial and marital faithfulness) ideal fami

13、ly life and career第19頁/共54頁P(yáng)erseusExtensionsu 1. atlantean: adj. exceedingly strong（像）巨人阿特拉斯的，力大無比的u 2. gorgonize: vt. 使嚇呆 u 3. mount ones Pegasus: (humor) write a poemu 4. Perseus 英仙座 Andromeda 仙女座 Cepheus 仙王座 Cassiopeia 仙后座 Pegasus 飛馬座第20頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu1. Birth of Herac

14、les (Hercules) Heracless mother was Alcmena or Alcmene, the wife of King Amphitryon of Thebes. His father was Zeus, the king of the gods, who disguised himself as Amphitryon and visited Alcmena on a night that lasted as long as three ordinary nights. Alcmena gave birth to twins: Heracles, Zeuss son,

15、 and Iphicles, Amphitryons son. 第21頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu2. The Milky Way Version 1: Alcmene abandoned the infant in a stony field. Athena picked up and Hera suckled him. Version 2: Hermes carried the infant to Olympus and Zeus laid him at Heras breast while she slept. 第22頁/共54頁

16、HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu3. Killing the snakes. Hera sent two giant snakes to kill Heracles in his cot / cradle. Heracles stood up and strangled the snakes with his bare hands. 第23頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu1. The choice of Heracles The easy path of Pleasure and t

17、he rocky uphill path of Virtue. T h e c h o i c e between a short but glorious life and a long yet boring. 第24頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu2. His madness It is said that out of the anger and jealousy, Hera drove him insane when Herales reached manhood. He killed his three child

18、ren or, according to some, his wife. He served for the King Eurystheus, his cousin, for twelve years. 第25頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu3. The Twelve Labors The twelve labors of Heracles were assigned to him by the king of Argos, Eurystheus, who was a weak and cowardly king. His

19、disdain of Heracles was because of his courage and heroism of which the king had none. The reason for these tasks were to appease the guilt Heracles bestowed upon himself after he had killed his children and wife (Megara) in a mad rage, which Hera had infused into Heracles mind. He went to Apollos t

20、emple (Delphi) to seek remedy for his wrong doings.第26頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 1: to kill the Nemean Lion. Heracles wrestled with it. Finally he strangled the creature to death. He used its invincible pelt as armor and the head as helmet.第27頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Tw

21、elve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 2: to slay the nine-headed snake, Lernaean Hydra. One of the snaky heads was immortal. The snake can grow two or three more heads for each one it lost. His nephew Iolaus helped him.第28頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heracles He chased it for one full year. He

22、captured it without drawing o n e d r o p o f blood.uLabor 3: to find the brazen-footed, golden-horned stag / hind.第29頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 4: to capture a wild boar that terrorized people around Mount Erymanthus. He wounded Chiron, King of the Centaur with one of

23、his poisoned arrows, and the Centaur was made the star Centaur after agreeing to replace Prometheus.第30頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heracles第31頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 5: to clean the Augean stables in a single day. Heracles diverted two rivers nearby so

24、that they flew into the Augean stable, swept then clean, and went on to cleanse the valley pastures.第32頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 6: to destroy the countless brazen-beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds in the Stymphalian Marsh.第33頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage

25、2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 7: to capture a Cretean savage bull. Heracles wrestled it to the ground.第34頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 8: to capture the four man-eating mares of Diomedes, King of Thrace.第35頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 9: to

26、 obtain the girdle of the fierce Amazonian warrior queen, Hippolyta.第36頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 10: to fetch the famous cattle of the Geryon who was three-headed, six-handed, and three-bodied.第37頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 11: to get the f

27、ruit from the golden-apple tree, Mother Earths wedding gift to Hera, from the garden of Hesperides on Mount Atlas.第38頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 12: to bring the three-headed watchdog of the Underworld, Cerberus, to the surface witout using any weapons. In the company of

28、 Athene and Hermes, Heracles accomplished his task and was finally ordered to give the terrible dog back.第39頁/共54頁Heracles第40頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuComment on his twelve Labors. to rid the land of devastating beasts (1-lion, 2-serpent, 6-birds, 10-cattle) and tame them in

29、to useful animals (3-stag, 4-boar, 7-bull, 8-horses, 10-cattle); to develop and protect agriculture and husbandry (irrigation 5); to conquer new land (9-Amazons, 11-gold apples, 12-death) or better understanding of human life and death (12-death).第41頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heracles

30、u4. His twelve minor Labors1. Killing a huge lion near Mount Cithaeron. 2. Slaying Cacus, son of Hephaestus and Medusa; a cattle thief. 3. Crushing Antaeus, a Giant son of Poseidon and Gaia. 4. Killing Busiris, the cruel Egyptian King who sacrificed strangers who entered his kingdom. 5. Slaying Eryx

31、, a boxer. 6. Accompanying the Argonauts. 7. Assisting the gods in the war against the Giants, enabling Zeus to win. 8. Conquering Laomedon and plundering Troy 7-9 years before the Trojan War. 9. Clearing Queen Omphales country of Lydia of a huge serpent and robbers. 10. Restoring Tyndareus to the t

32、hrone of Sparta. 11. Defeating Achelous by wrestling for the hand of Deianeira. 12. Rescuing Hesione from a sea monster.第42頁/共54頁HeraclesPassage 3: Heracles Love and Deathu1. He slept with 50 princesses in one night or, as some say, one daughter each night.u2. First marriage was to Megara.u3. Anothe

33、r marriage was to Deianeira.u4. His famous love affair was with Omphale.u5. Another love affair was with Iole.u6. He married Hebe after his death as an immortal.u7. He had quite a lot of homosexual relationships, of which the most notable were with Abderus and Hylas.第43頁/共54頁HeraclesFeatures/Structu

34、res of the story u1. divine parentage (Zeus and Alcmene, granddaughter of Perseus and the wife of king Amphitryon) u2. oracle/omen before birth (Zeus foretells his name and kingship) u3. unnatural / difficult conception/birth (visited her in the form of her husband and lies with her for three days;

35、Hera delays the birth of Heracles, until Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, a seven-month child, lies in his cradle,so Heracles was one hour too late for the kingship of the Perseuss house; 3 months overdue and 2 months later) 第44頁/共54頁HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u4. being abandoned and resc

36、ued (his mother leaves him in a field to be fed by Hera; taken to Olympus to be fed by Hera) u5. proof of divine birth (strangled to death the big snakes sent by Hera; his different behavior from that of his twin brother Iphicles) u6. oracle remade (gives up his kingship to obtain divinity on condit

37、ion that he fulfill the 12 labors set by Eurystheus, his cousin king; chooses between the easy path of Pleasure and the rocky uphill path of Virtue)第45頁/共54頁HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u7. recognition refused / delayed (suddenly turns mad and kills his 3 children and his wife; told by o

38、racle to enslave himself to his cousin Eurystheus for 12 years) u8. villain causing harm or giving challenge (Eurystheus / Hera assigns him to the Labors) u9. agreeing to accomplish the task and leaves home u10. combat with monster (the 1st labor) 第46頁/共54頁HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u1

39、1. winning a princess u12. setback: falling into a fit of madness or quick temper and to be punished u13. leaving home for another task or adventure u14. combat with monster (2nd labor) u15. winning another princess/mistress u uThe oracle fulfilled: Death and Divinity第47頁/共54頁HeraclesHeracles, the a

40、rchetypal Greek hero u1. The divine power Superhuman, invincible physical power that transcends human limitations Divine wisdom, sense of justice and will power Heroic achievements Immortality u2. The human limitation: Little control of himself quick temper and fits of madness and the resulting crue

41、lty, violence and destruction incapable of emotional and sexual faithfulnessuIn another word, he represents man as the greatest being as well as man in his lowest state of being; demonstrates his highest potential as well as fatal limitation.第48頁/共54頁HeraclesStudy of his deathuThe pathetic aspect of

42、 men in sexual life: a loser in sexual struggle a man who cant control his sex and remain faithful a man under the control of women uarchetypes of Deianeira, a husband-killer; Heracles, a husband who is betrayed by his wife第49頁/共54頁HeraclesExtensionuthe choice of Heraclesuaccomplishments of Heracles

43、：tremendous deeds（需要做出超人的努力才得完成的業(yè)績）uHerculean effort: 巨大的努力 eg. He completed the translation of this monumental work with a herculean effort. 他歷盡心血終于完成了這一大套的翻譯作品。uHeracles 武仙座uPillars of Heracles:達(dá)赫拉克勒斯石柱,今直布羅陀海峽uHe-man: 最成功及最具世界影響力的一套以Heracles為人物原型的動畫劇集，在1983-1985年間共拍了130集。第50頁/共54頁HeraclesExtensio

44、nuhydra-headed: a. 多頭的，多分支的，多中心的uAugean stables: an extremely dirty placeuclean the Augean stables:徹底清除積弊，進(jìn)行重大改革uAmazons: tall strong athletic woman; female warriorsuCerberus: a grim, watchful keeper, house-porter, guardian, etc. (冥府看門狗; 兇惡的看門人)uthe Shirt of Nessus / Tunic of Nessus / Nessus-robe / Nessus shirt: a source of misfortune from which there is no escape (涅索斯的衣服；使人致命的禮物)第51頁/共54頁Assignments1. Textbook: Unit 8 Greek Heroes (2)2. Films: Immortals 驚天戰(zhàn)神 (Theseus) Jason and the Argonauts（希臘戰(zhàn)神）第52頁/共54頁第53頁/共54頁感謝您的觀看。第54頁/共54頁