2020高中英語人教版 選修8教師用書：Unit 4 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 過去分詞作狀語 一、過去分詞(短語)作狀語 過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況，其邏輯主語則為句子的主語，其主語為過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等。 When finished，the paper should be turned in without delay. 一完成，文件應(yīng)立刻上交。(時(shí)間狀語) Given more attention, th

2、e trees will grow better. 如果多給予些關(guān)注，這些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(條件狀語) Inspired by what he said, the girl student decided to work harder. 在他的話的鼓勵(lì)下，女學(xué)生決定更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。(原因狀語) He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他快步走向大廳，身后跟著兩個(gè)衛(wèi)兵。(伴隨狀語) Asked many times, he still hasn’t said a word about the matter. 雖然已被問了好幾次，

3、對(duì)這件事他仍只字未提。(讓步狀語) 二、過去分詞(短語)作狀語在句中的位置 過去分詞在句中作狀語，可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面用逗號(hào)與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 過去分詞(短語)作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。(表示伴隨) G

4、iven more time, he can do it better. 如果給他更多的時(shí)間，他就能做得更好。(表示條件) Exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep. 由于旅途勞累，他很快就睡著了。(表示原因) Defeated again, the scientist didn’t give up. 盡管再次被打敗了，但這位科學(xué)家并不放棄。(表示讓步) [考題印證]1 ①(安徽高考改編) Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiri

5、ng children’s love of art. ②(湖南高考改編)Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. 三、作狀語的過去分詞(短語)與狀語從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)作時(shí)間狀語的過去分詞(短語)可轉(zhuǎn)換為when，while或after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 Asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.＝When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.

6、 當(dāng)被問及誰把花瓶打破時(shí)，孩子們都不說話了。 (2)作條件狀語的過去分詞(短語)可轉(zhuǎn)換為if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 United, we will make our life better. ＝If we are united, we will make our life better. 團(tuán)結(jié)起來，我們就會(huì)使我們的生活變得更美好。 (3)作原因狀語的過去分詞(短語)可轉(zhuǎn)換為as，since或because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.＝As he is enco

7、uraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得的成績(jī)的鼓勵(lì)，他工作更努力了。 (4)作讓步狀語的過去分詞(短語)可轉(zhuǎn)換為although或though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 Exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it. ＝Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it. 雖然工作得很累，但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)做下去。 (5)作伴隨或方式狀語的過去分詞(短語)通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為方式狀語從句，但可

8、轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列分句。 Dressed in white, she suddenly appeared before us. ＝ She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared before us. 她穿著白色的衣服，突然出現(xiàn)在我們面前。 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. ＝Aunt Wu came in, and she was followed by her daughter. 吳阿姨走了進(jìn)來，(她)后面跟著她的女兒。 [考題印證]2 (浙江高考改編)There are some

9、 health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 四、表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞(短語)作狀語 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而表示狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞或短語常見的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(駐扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；born(出身于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he did

10、n’t notice us entering the room. 因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒有注意到我們進(jìn)入房間。 Tired of the speech，he left without saying a word. 厭倦了這個(gè)演講，他一句話沒說就離開了。 五、過去分詞(短語)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞(短語)的邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，否則，分詞(短語)前應(yīng)加上自己的主語。這種帶有自身主語的過去分詞(短語)被稱為過去分詞(短語)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞(短語)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。 The test finished, we be

11、gan our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假了。 More time given，we could have done it much better. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。 All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 各方面考慮起來，她的論文比你的論文更有價(jià)值一些。 Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．When faced (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 2．If given (gi

12、ve)better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided. 3．Moved (move) by the monitor’s speech，many students volunteered to donate money to the poor family. 4．The old man went into the room, supported (support)by his granddaughter. 5．Though defeated (defeat)several times, the general di

13、dn’t lose heart. 6．The schoolgirl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded (wound) in the leg. 7．Equipped (equip) with a camera，a compass and a GPS, the 18 students set out to make a study tour to Huangshan Mountain. 8．Dressed (dress) in a beautiful white dress, the bride looks very e

14、legant and attractive. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Born_in_a_poor_family,_Nadia had only two years of schooling. 由于出生于貧寒家庭，納迪亞只上過兩年學(xué)。 2．When asked_her_future_plans,_the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. 當(dāng)問到未來的計(jì)劃時(shí)，這個(gè)女孩說她想成為一名教師。 3．Some medicines, if_wrongly_taken,_can kill a person. 當(dāng)誤服時(shí)，有些藥可以要人命。 4．En

15、couraged_by_his_parents,_he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 盡管受到了父母的鼓勵(lì)，他仍然沒有信心克服困難。 5．The patient got off the bed, supported_by_the_nurse. 那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。 6．Injured_badly_in_the_accident,_she was sent to hospital at once. 在事故中受傷很重，她立刻被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院了。 7．The film star got off the

16、train, surrounded_by_her_fans. 那位電影明星走下火車，被她的粉絲團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。 8．Given_a_lot_of_money,_he lived a better life. 給他許多錢后，他的日子過得好多了。 9．Discussed/Having_been_discussed many times, the plan was carried out at last. 在討論了許多次之后，這個(gè)計(jì)劃最終被執(zhí)行了。 10．Satisfied_with_what_he_did,_the teacher praised him in class. 由于對(duì)他所做的

17、事情很滿意，老師在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。 寫書評(píng) 根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇關(guān)于馬克吐溫及其作品《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》的評(píng)論。 1．馬克吐溫(Mark Twain)，美國(guó)作家，原名薩繆爾蘭亨克萊門斯(Samuel Langhorn Clemens，1835 ～ 1910)，出生于密西西比河畔的一個(gè)小城。馬克吐溫是其筆名。 2．代表作長(zhǎng)篇小說《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)，講述了白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆結(jié)伴在密西西比河流浪的故事。 3．在這部小說中，作者以孩子的眼光描述了社會(huì)各個(gè)階層的人物，哈克的密西西比河之旅也就成了他的人生之

18、旅。 4．《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》一直被稱為美國(guó)文學(xué)史上最偉大的作品。 ①M(fèi)ark Twain，whose real name was Samuel Langhorn Clemens(1835～1910)，was an American writer, who was famous for his stories. ②He grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River. ③Perhaps his greatest book is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ④This

19、is the story of a boy called Huck，with a slave named Jim running away from home，traveling down the Mississippi River on a raft and getting himself in and out of danger along the way. ⑤But it is more than that.⑥The people the boy meets cover all walks of the society，and his voyage down the river be

20、comes a metaphor for a journey through life. ⑦The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been called the greatest novel in American literature. 本文首先要對(duì)馬克吐溫作簡(jiǎn)要介紹，并自然引入其代表作《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作概括介紹，最后對(duì)其做出準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)。 ①句中含有whose 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句； ④句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，句式高級(jí)，其過去分詞短語called Huck 作定語，修飾a boy, named Jim 作賓語補(bǔ)足語修飾a slave

21、; 現(xiàn)在分詞短語running ..., traveling ... and getting ... 在句中作定語，修飾Jim及Huck； ⑤句中使用了高級(jí)短語more than； ⑥句是由and連接的并列句，在第一個(gè)分句中，定語從句the boy meets 修飾先行詞the people； ⑦句中凸顯了時(shí)態(tài)的變化，在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 如何寫書評(píng) 1．首先應(yīng)點(diǎn)出書的作者的姓名、書名，以及有關(guān)作者的簡(jiǎn)要信息，如過去的作品、曾獲得的榮譽(yù)。 2．然后對(duì)所評(píng)書目的情節(jié)做簡(jiǎn)要勾勒，如果作品不是小說，要寫明寫作的目的和主題。 3．并對(duì)此書的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)論。 4．最后使用有

22、力度的詞語，盡量簡(jiǎn)短地總結(jié)你對(duì)此書的觀點(diǎn)。如果可能，與篇首的評(píng)論遙相呼應(yīng)，使讀者對(duì)此書有一個(gè)總體印象。 [黃金表達(dá)] 1．The Call of the Wild is a novel by American writer Jack London. 2．The book called ... is written by ... 3．The book written by ... is about ... 4．The book published by ... is a bestseller. 5．The book tells us a story of ... 6．The n

23、ovel is told in the form of ... 7．From the story, we can learn ... 8．It is generally considered as his best. 9．It is sometimes classified as ... 10．Wuthering Heights written by Emily Bronte is one of the most popular and highly regarded novels in English literature. 《魯濱孫漂流記》 (Robinson Crusoe)

24、 是英國(guó)小說家丹尼爾笛福(Daniel Defoe)寫的一部著名小說。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫一篇100詞左右的書評(píng)： 1．該書出版于1719年，它是最流行的歷險(xiǎn)小說之一。 2．主要情節(jié)：一位英國(guó)人魯濱孫，在一個(gè)荒涼的熱帶小島附近船只失事，之后他自己建造小屋，種植糧食，變得自給自足。26年后，他偶遇一伙食肉野人，并從他們手中救出了一個(gè)俘虜，給他取名Friday。他們成了密友。四年后他們得到了營(yíng)救，然后一起回到了英國(guó)。 參考詞匯：1.自給自足的selfsufficient　2.食人肉的野人cannibal　3.在一個(gè)荒涼的熱帶小島附近船只失事shipwreck on a lonely tropic

25、al island ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

26、_____ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： A Review of Robinson Crusoe This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719, which is one of the most popular adventure novels in all literature. It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Engl

27、ishman who is shipwrecked on a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut, grows his own food, and becomes selfsufficient. After 26 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their captives, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and his “man” Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.