2021版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab課后達(dá)標(biāo)檢測 外研版必修1

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1、Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2020·陜西摸底檢測) In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(烏鴉) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink. Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Cro

2、ws actually do understand how to make water displacement(排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders. Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes cont

3、aining water. Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the e

4、rasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack. However, the__birds__handled__awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift t

5、he water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first. Previous studies showed that chimps

6、 and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對烏鴉智商進(jìn)行的研究。 1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment? A．B

7、y breaking the tube. B．By dropping in erasers. C．By standing on the wood. D．By removing the wood. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，烏鴉能夠把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以選B項(xiàng)。 2．What does the a

8、uthor mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4? A．They were unable to tell different shapes. B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes. C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight. D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack. D　解析：推理判斷題。從第四段可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中的烏鴉在面對粗細(xì)不同的管子時(shí)，雖

9、然只需往細(xì)管里投兩次物體就可以夠到零食，而需往粗管里投大約七次物體才能夠到零食，但是烏鴉往往先去粗管那邊，而沒有選擇更容易獲得零食的細(xì)管。由此可推知，畫線部分是說它們通常沒有選擇更容易的方式得到零食。 3．What does the text mainly focus on? A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables. B．The development of crows. C．Crows’ intelligence. D．Human-animal communication. C　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“The results suggest that

10、 the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.”以及下文中的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，整篇文章都是圍繞烏鴉的智商問題來展開的。 4．What do we know about crows in the passage? A．Crows are almost as clever as first-graders in some respects. B．Crows understand water displacement completely. C．Chimps and children are much smar

11、ter than crows. D．The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.”可知，烏鴉在一些方面幾乎跟一年級(jí)學(xué)生一樣聰明。 B (2020·濰坊統(tǒng)一考試)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being

12、 eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, l

13、etting a plant prepare a preemptive(先發(fā)制人的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased th

14、eir levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orrock found this defense w

15、orked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛蟲), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated the

16、ir chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response t

17、hat affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，

18、” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.” “That’s the million-dollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)

19、研究。研究表明植物會(huì)對外在威脅相當(dāng)警覺，會(huì)自動(dòng)作出反應(yīng)進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)。 5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________． A．make them grow better B．give them a warning C．keep plant-eating animals away D．inform plant-eating animals of danger B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attac

20、k was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑液體的目的是給予植物一種警告，讓它們能夠產(chǎn)生自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，且其與第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼應(yīng)，故選B。 6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To int

21、roduce another animal. B．To confirm the result of the study. C．To appeal to people to protect animals. D．To analyze different resistance chemicals. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on a

22、nother potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛蟲的例子是為了驗(yàn)證研究的結(jié)果，故選B。 7．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A．How tomato plants become aware of danger. B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C．Whether the research is of practical value. D．What the finding of the research is. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最

23、后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并結(jié)合對最后一段的整體理解可推知，Richard Karban實(shí)際上想了解的是西紅柿植株是如何意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)的，故選A。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Watchful Plants　　　　　 B．Greedy Animals C．A

24、Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章中的關(guān)鍵詞plant，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是有關(guān)植物的科學(xué)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物有對外在威脅或攻擊的自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，故選A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2020·昆明診斷測試)I received 3 missed calls from a number I didn’t recognize today. I __1__ it was something to do with an accident I had recently. I was ready to answer _

25、_2__ when the number called a 4th time. __3__， I was asked if I was Jessica and if I had __4__ anything. I said I didn’t think so and __5__ who it was. It was a man called Darren who __6__ he was behind me in the shop this morning. As I was leaving, my purse __7__. He picked it up and __8__ to see

26、where I had gone but he couldn’t see me any more. So he opened my purse and called the __9__ inside it. I have just been to __10__ him to get my purse back, only to find out Darren is __11__ and lives rough in the streets of Cardiff. He even apologized as he said he had taken out some __12__ to cal

27、l me to return my purse. But __13__ a few pounds used to contact me, everything was all still __14__. I admit that I wouldn’t have blamed him if he’d spent more of the __15__． I felt __16__ that someone returned it, and that the person who returned it was someone who had __17__. It made me __18__ n

28、ot only was I lucky that my purse was found by someone __19__， but that I was going to a warm home. The __20__ would be a much better place with more kind people like Darren in it. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文通過作者的錢包失而復(fù)得的故事告訴我們：只要人人都能夠善良對待他人，我們的世界將會(huì)變成更加美好的地方。 1．A.assumed　　　　　　　 B．promised C．declared D．a(chǎn)greed A　

29、解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者有三個(gè)來自同一號(hào)碼的未接來電，作者認(rèn)為(assumed)這和自己最近的一起事故有關(guān)。promise “許諾”；declare “宣布”；agree “同意”。 2．A.gently B．gratefully C．humorously D．eagerly D　解析：根據(jù)上文“I ______ it was something to do with an accident I had recently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接這通電話。gently“溫和地”；gratefully “感激地”；humorously “幽默地”。 3．A.Oft

30、en B．Instead C．Still D．Besides B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者認(rèn)為那通電話和自己的一起事故有關(guān)，但是接通電話后才知道并非如此。此處前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故Instead “相反”符合語境。 4．A.explored B．bought C．lost D．checked C　解析：根據(jù)第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren撿到了作者的錢包，因此他打電話問作者是否丟了(lost)什么東西。 5．A.forgot B．remembered C．suspected D．a(chǎn)sked D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者接電話時(shí)并不知道打電話的人是誰，因

31、此作者問(asked)對方是誰。forget “忘記”；remember “記得”；suspect “懷疑”。 6．A.explained B．requested C．repeated D．believed A　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，Darren向作者解釋(explained)了事情的經(jīng)過。 7．A.broke B．failed C．dropped D．disappeared C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者離開商店的時(shí)候錢包掉在(dropped)地上了。 8．A.walked away B．looked around C．turned up D．got t

32、hrough B　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，Darren環(huán)顧(looked around)四周尋找作者。 9．A.card B．a(chǎn)ddress C．bill D．number D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打開作者的錢包，撥打了里面的號(hào)碼(number)。 10．A.meet B．question C．beg D．remind A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，通過電話后，作者去見(meet)Darren以拿回自己的錢包。 11．A.hopeful B．helpful C．homeless D．speechless C　解析：根據(jù)本

33、句中的“l(fā)ives rough in the streets of Cardiff”可推知，Darren是一個(gè)無家可歸的(homeless)人。 12．A.pictures B．change C．tickets D．jewelry B　解析：根據(jù)上文可推知，Darren很窮，他不得不從作者的錢包里拿出一些零錢(change)給作者打電話。 13．A.in spite of B．in terms of C．owing to D．a(chǎn)part from D　解析：根據(jù)語境及該句中的“But”可推知，Darren除了(apart from)從作者的錢包里拿出幾英鎊和作者聯(lián)系

34、外，其余的東西都沒動(dòng)(untouched)。 14．A.untouched B．unlimited C．classified D．consumed A　解析：參見上題解析。untouched “原封未動(dòng)的”符合語境。 15．A.time B．effort C．cash D．energy C　解析：作者承認(rèn)，即使Darren從自己的錢包里多拿一些現(xiàn)金(cash)，作者也不會(huì)責(zé)怪他。 16．A.embarrassed B．surprised C．worried D．relaxed B　解析：作者的錢包丟了，有人撿到并歸還給作者，而且這個(gè)人一無所有(noth

35、ing)，這讓作者感到驚訝(surprised)。 17．A.everything B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing D　解析：參見上題解析。nothing “沒有什么”符合語境。 18．A.realize B．consider C．recall D．imagine A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這件事讓作者意識(shí)到(realize)自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)樽约簛G失的錢包被一個(gè)誠實(shí)的(honest)人撿到，并且作者將回到一個(gè)溫暖的家。 19．A.familiar B．polite C．honest D．wise C　解析：參見上題解析。 20．A.shop B．world C．environment D．street B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，如果這個(gè)世界有更多像Darren這樣善良的人存在的話，這個(gè)世界(world)將會(huì)是一個(gè)更加美好的地方。 8