（新高考）2020版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一編 一閱讀理解 題型四 主旨大意題練習(xí) 新人教版

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1、題型四　主旨大意題 語篇出處：原創(chuàng)　語篇類型：記敘文　主題語境：學(xué)校生活 I was nine when I arrived at the Children's Home in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1965. I failed third grade that year, barely made it through a second time, and had merely passed through fourth grade by the time I reached Pauline Jambard's fifth-grade class at C

2、harlotte Avenue Elementary School. I believed I wasn't “smart” and popular like the other kids, and I hoped I could make it through fifth grade. Ms Jambard took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can u

3、nderstand what you're reading, you'll be smarter than most kids.” After I read all the books in our program, I started reading the classroom's set of Encyclopaedia Britannica. I couldn't find enough to read, and I started to really like school. That December, the children's home threw a Christmas p

4、arty for family and community members. My brother and I had no family to invite. I still remember looking up and seeing Ms Jambard walk through the front doors of the children's home and I realized that she was there on behalf of my parent. That made me feel it was the best Christmas of my life. We

5、 have stayed in touch, and I call Pauline at least once a year. Because of the confidence she instilled (灌輸) in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering 　　　　　　 題1：題干關(guān)鍵詞為“the writer's former schooling”，根據(jù)文中細(xì)節(jié)“failed third grade”“barely made it through a second time”“had merely

6、 passed through fourth grade” “I wasn't ‘smart’ and popular like the other and law engagement. I don't know if Pauline realizes how much she helped me, but I'll never forget her kindness and faith in me. I treat her as my family member. 1.Which of the following can best describe the writer's form

7、er schooling？ A.He was fond of reading. B.He passed all the exams easily. C.He was smarter than most kids. D.He was popular among students. 2.How did Pauline Jambard help the writer improve studies? A.Take good care of the writer. B.Help him with all the subjects. C.Guide him to really like

8、 school. D.Advise him to do more reading. 3.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ A.The writer's making it through fifth grade. B.The writer's looking up and seeing Ms Jambard. C.Ms Jambard's attending the party as his parent. D.The school's throwing a Christmas party f

9、or them. 4.What can be the best title of this passage？ A.One of My Respected Teachers B.Pauline Jambard Became My Family C.My Favorite Teacher at Primary School D.The Teacher Taught Me Kindness and Faithkids”以及“Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite.”可知選A。 題2：題干關(guān)鍵詞為“How ... imp

10、rove studies”，由文中細(xì)節(jié)“Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand what you're reading, you'll be smarter than most kids.”可知老師建議作者多讀書。選D。 題3：從本段可知，學(xué)校舉辦晚會(huì)，作者沒有家庭成員可以邀請，而Ms Jambard代表他的家長出席晚會(huì)，這使作者認(rèn)為這是他一生中最棒的圣誕節(jié)。選C。 題4：本文是一篇記敘文，講述的是作者在小學(xué)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。由于成績不好，每次都勉強(qiáng)升級，作者認(rèn)為自己不聰明。遇到五年級的老師以后，老師鼓勵(lì)他多讀書，并且老師代表他的家長參

11、加了圣誕聚會(huì)；老師給作者灌輸?shù)淖孕盆T就了作者日后的事業(yè)成功，所以作者把老師看作自己的家人。選B。 考法1　標(biāo)題歸納題——“精準(zhǔn)定位”法 典例片段　(2019·安徽押題卷)If you had to guess which direction Apple would be headed in 2019, what might you say? The company's iPhone business has been stricken .... ... But what's more likely to happen is this: iPhones will get ev

12、en more expensive. ... ... ... For the future, Apple will continue to put more emphasis on those categories. And looking even further out, it is almost certain that Apple will enter new sectors. Apple has made some mistakes in its policies in recent years. But the company is not down and out

13、. Far from it: By focusing on high-end, high-profit tech, plus services, all while keeping an eye on the future, Apple will likely keep its dominant position for many years to come. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A.iPhones Will Be More Expensive B.The Advantages Apples

14、 Will Have C.iPhones Will Work Harder D.Apple Is Facing Difficulty 第一步　主旨大意： 議論文。蘋果手機(jī)銷售出現(xiàn)低谷，但作者認(rèn)為蘋果手機(jī)的價(jià)格會(huì)越來越高。 第二步　原因分析： 通過專注于高端、高利潤的技術(shù)和服務(wù)，同時(shí)著眼于未來，蘋果很可能在未來的許多年里保持其主導(dǎo)地位。 第三步　對比選項(xiàng)： “手機(jī)的價(jià)格會(huì)越來越高”與選項(xiàng)A中的信息一致，故選A。 考法2　段落大意題——“首尾兼顧”法 典例片段　(2019·山東泰安模考)Cafes are everywhere these days, offe

15、ring as many varieties of coffee as there are ways to have it served. And this leads to a range of prices, from cheap grab-and-go coffee, to the ultra-expensive artisanal coffee (匠人咖啡). However, an increasing number of Western consumers are happy to pay a little more for their cup in order to ensure

16、 that it comes from an ethically (道德地) produced and sustainable source. ... What does Paragraph 1 focus on？ A.The varieties of coffee. B.The range of coffee prices. C.The popularity of artisanal coffee. D.The reason for customers to pay more for coffee. 第一步　段首信息： 咖啡館琳瑯滿目，咖啡種類繁多，價(jià)格不一。

17、 第二步　段尾定位： 越來越多的西方消費(fèi)者寧愿多付錢確保生產(chǎn)的道德性和可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。 第三步　對比分析： A、B、C三項(xiàng)都是顧客愿意出高價(jià)購買的原因。D項(xiàng)具有概括性，故選D。 考法3　文章大意題——“主題歸納”法 　 典例片段　(2019·山東臨沂模考)About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. ... There are different forms of color blindness ... Color blindness in human beings is

18、a strange thing to explain. ... Some insects have favorite colors. ... In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may e

19、ven learn more about the invisible colors around us. What is the text mainly about？ A.Color and its surprising effects. B.Women being luckier than men. C.Danger caused by color blindness. D.Some information on color blindness. 第一步　首段主旨： 10%的男人有不同程度的色盲。 第二步　段落大意： 主要介紹關(guān)于色盲的信息：色盲有不同形式；色盲這種

20、現(xiàn)象很難解釋清楚；昆蟲與人類都有喜歡的顏色，人在晚上可以看到形狀。 第三步　對比選項(xiàng)： 文中信息“color blindness”與選項(xiàng)D中的信息一致，故選D。 (2019·山東濰坊?？?語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：植物 Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves; others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals

21、drooling (垂涎) on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant－eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (搶先的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist

22、 John Orroek of the University of Wisconsin—Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—into soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (生化酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever a

23、ctually attacked.” Orroek says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orroek found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning impact on another potential

24、 threat. The investigators found that hungry-caterpillars (毛蟲), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further imp

25、roving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orroek, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not inv

26、olved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects，” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wondered how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched t

27、hem. “That's the million-dollar question，” Orroek says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。新的研究表明，植物能感知到動(dòng)物即將發(fā)動(dòng)的攻擊。 1.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.Watchful Plants B.Greedy Animals C.A Sna

28、il's Approach D.A Defense Attack 答案：A　標(biāo)題判斷題。由第一段第三句中的“New research now shows some flora can feel a plant－eating animal well before it launches an attack”可知，新的研究顯示，植物能感知到動(dòng)物即將發(fā)動(dòng)的攻擊。故A選項(xiàng)“警惕的植物”為最佳標(biāo)題。 2.John Orroek sprayed a liquid into soil to ________. A.make nearby tomato plants grow better B.gi

29、ve tomato plants a warning C.keep plant-eating animals away D.inform plant-eating animals of danger 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming”可知是為了警示它們攻擊即將來臨。 3.Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A.To introduce another animal. B.To

30、 confirm the result of the study. C.To appeal to people to protect animals. D.To analyse different resistance chemicals. 答案：B　推理判斷題。由第三段第二句可知，饑餓的毛毛蟲對接觸過蝸牛黏液的葉子不再有食欲，所以判斷出第三段提到毛毛蟲的例子是為了確認(rèn)研究結(jié)果。 4.What does Richard Karban really want to know？ A.How tomato plants become aware of danger. B.What the

31、 chemicals in the snail slime are. C.Whether the research is of practical value. D.What the finding of the research is. 答案：A　推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的“but he wondered how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”可知，但是他想知道番茄植物是如何感受到蝸牛粘液中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，而這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)從未真正接觸過它們。所以判斷出

32、Richard想知道番茄植物是如何感知危險(xiǎn)的。 　 strategy n. 策略　defense n. 防衛(wèi)；辯護(hù)　activate vt. 激活；使活動(dòng) 　 第四段第一句：The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. 譯文：蝸牛的接近會(huì)引起植物對不同動(dòng)物

33、的反應(yīng)，這種發(fā)現(xiàn)使Richard Karban這位并沒有參與研究的植物交流專家很好奇。 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明finding的內(nèi)容。第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞response。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明先行詞expert。 專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(四) (1) (2019·山東?？?Michelle Kwan is a champion ice skater who has won five World Championships, nine US Championships and two Olympic medals, in add

34、ition to countless other skating competitions. While audiences have seen her glide effortlessly across the ice, long hours of practice and devotion contribute each jump and spin. Kwan began ice skating when she was five years old, and her skill quickly became evident. At the age of eight, she skate

35、d several hours a day, every day of the week. Before school, after school and on weekends, she was at the ice rink. The cost of ice time and coaches quickly grew, but her parents were committed to her success. Her family sold their home and purchased a much smaller one to free up money to pay for he

36、r ice skating. When Kwan was 13, she performed at her first US National Championships. After a disappointing performance, she swore to work even harder and improve. She did. The next year, she finished second. From there she went on to win a silver medal at the 1998 Olympics and the first of her Wo

37、rld Championships. She followed up with a bronze medal at the 2002 Olympic Games. Kwan is the most decorated figure skater in American history. She was the sole member to the US Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame classes of 2012, and in 2014, she was appointed to

38、the Hall of Fame at the US National Competition. Even after retiring from skating, Kwan has not given up her devotion to learning, service and hard work. She received her college degree in 2009 from the University of Denver and is pursuing graduate studies in international relations at Tufts Univer

39、sity. Meanwhile, she has held several diplomatic and ambassador positions representing the United States globally. Ultimately, whether on the ice, in the classroom or representing her nation, Kwan presents one consistent quality—devotion. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了世界冠軍Kwan的滑冰經(jīng)歷以及她的執(zhí)著精神。 1.What do we know a

40、bout Kwan according to the text？ A.She performed badly in her first national competition. B.She has won five US Championships. C.She failed to graduate from Tufts University. D.She hasn't won the second place in Olympic Games. 答案：A 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句和第二句可知，Kwan 13歲開始第一次參加美國全國錦標(biāo)賽，在一場令人失望的表現(xiàn)之后，她發(fā)誓要更加

41、努力，因此她首次比賽成績不好。 2.Which of the following can best describe Kwan？ A.Warm－h(huán)earted. B．Energetic. C.Easygoing. D．Devoted. 答案： D　推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)最后一段尾句中的“Kwan presents one consistent quality—devotion”可知，Kwan是一個(gè)專注的人。 3.What may be the best title for the text？ A.The Way to Success B.A Great Skater

42、 C.How to Be a Good Player？ D.Why Is Devotion Important？ 答案：B　標(biāo)題判斷題。文章講述的是世界滑冰冠軍Kwan通過不懈努力而成功的經(jīng)歷。skater是關(guān)鍵詞，明確地表達(dá)了文章的主旨。故選B。 　 be committed to 致力于　pursue vt. 追求　consistent adj. 始終如一的 　 最后一段最后一句：Ultimately, whether on the ice, in the classroom or representing her nation, Kwan presents one co

43、nsistent quality—devotion. 譯文：總而言之，無論是在滑冰時(shí)，在課堂上，還是代表她的國家(參賽時(shí))，Kwan都呈現(xiàn)出一種始終如一的品質(zhì)——專注。 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。whether ... or ... “無論……還是……”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。 (2) (2019·山東泰安?？?The noble tree house—all natural materials, solid construction，away from the troubles of the world. In a more dangerous time in human history,

44、their position above the ground would protect the dweller (居民) against environmental difficulties and possible predators (掠奪者). As modern construction has improved, these woody residences have become less of a practical dwelling and more of a children's novelty. But now, these fun shelters are appea

45、ling to adults too and many are booking themselves in for a few nights among the treetops. These tree house hotels can be found from Europe to Australia. Best of all, they come in a variety of interesting designs! From the traditional ‘four walls and a roof’ habitation, such as at TreeHouse Point，i

46、n Washington，North America, to the more artistic Nothofagus Hotel in Chilean Patagonia，whose twelve-sided walls make it look like a beehive. If that doesn't appeal, how about a tree hut？ The Free Spirit Spheres resort on Vancouver Island in Canada allows guests to stay in one of three yellow sphere

47、s (球體), which hang from trees. The company was founded in 1998 by Tom Chudleigh, who hand built the huts from cedar wood and fiber glass. Not only are they as safe as houses，they're popular! Mr Chudleigh tells the BBC. Digs (借宿的地方) which are original seem to be a big draw. In Sweden, at the Treehot

48、el numbers have also risen. “Today we have seven rooms and nearly 5,000 guests，” Kent Lindvall explains. Each of the houses there was designed to make use of the light and surroundings. And how about an office? Microsoft, hoping to give its employees thinking space, has commissioned (委托) a tree-bui

49、lding structure from Pete Nelson，tree house book author and designer and builder of tree houses. “Studies show people can work better in nature. They are more productive，” says Mr Nelson. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了過去人們居住的樹屋反而成了現(xiàn)代人休閑放松的棲息處。 1.What is the text mainly about？ A.The designs of the tree house

50、 hotels. B.The function of the tree houses. C.The trend for tree houses. D.The future development of houses. 答案：C　主旨大意題。文章介紹了過去人們居住的樹屋反而受到現(xiàn)代人的青睞。 2.Why have tree houses become fun shelters？ A.People find few safe houses to live in. B.They are of novel shape and appealing color. C.There are n

51、o places of amusement for children. D.Their construction have gotten modernized. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Each of the houses there was designed to make use of the light and surroundings.”可知，樹屋的設(shè)計(jì)充分利用光照和環(huán)境，符合現(xiàn)代人的需求。 3.For what purpose has Microsoft built a tree house structure？ A.To help its employe

52、es work efficiently. B.To provide its workers with break residences. C.To offer its workers living convenience. D.To give people space to make friends. 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一句可知，研究表明人在自然環(huán)境下工作更有效率。 4.What can we infer from the text？ A.All tree house hotels have interesting designs. B.Tree houses ca

53、n make people safer nowadays. C.Kent Lindvall have made hand－built tree houses. D.Tree house hotels in Sweden seem to succeed. 答案：D　推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“In Sweden, at the Treehotel numbers have also risen.”可以推測出樹屋在瑞士很成功。 　 residence n. 住宅；住處；居住　appeal to吸引；呼吁　productive adj. 有成效的；多產(chǎn)的；生產(chǎn)的 　 第一段第三句：A

54、s modern construction has improved, these woody residences have become less of a practical dwelling and more of a children's novelty. 譯文：隨著現(xiàn)代建筑水平的提高，這些木制住宅變得不那么實(shí)用，而更像是孩子們的新奇玩意兒。 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“隨著……”。 (3) (2019·宜賓模考)A recent study has looked into what happens inside your brain while y

55、ou read and listen to music. You know that thrill you get when listening to your favorite music? According to the study, it seems the same thing can happen while you are reading, but not with every kind of text. Professor Adam Zeman, a neurologist said, “The participants lay in an MRI scanner read

56、ing the texts, then we compared brain activity for five texts.” The texts ranged from deadly boring ones to highly exciting ones. As the researchers observed, participants found some texts more emotional than others. When reading these emotional texts, there was higher activity in brain areas assoc

57、iated with pleasure and reward—the same areas related to the thrill we get when we listen to music. Reading poetry is often considered a reflective activity, but did the study find any evidence of this? In fact, when the participants were reading poems, the team found there was more activity in a p

58、articular brain area called the Default Network. “These areas seem to be associated with things we do with our minds when we are resting, like thinking about what's happened to us recently, and that network seems to be more strongly associated with poetry than with essays.” explains Zeman. The stud

59、y shows that the different texts activate different areas of our brains when we read. Zeman reflects that “the study did confirm what we thought, in particular our belief that the response to literature was going to be a bit like the response to music in terms of emotion.” 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了我們在讀書時(shí)大腦

60、的反應(yīng)和聽音樂時(shí)大腦的反應(yīng)相似。 1.What is the study about？ A.Reading activates emotions like listening to music. B.Different types of texts arouse different reflections. C.All the texts can cause readers the same feelings. D.Readers get the same thrill as listening to music. 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后一段尾句中的“the re

61、sponse to literature was going to be a bit like the response to music in terms of emotion”可知，閱讀像聽音樂一樣能激發(fā)情感。故選A。 2.How did the scientist make the discovery？ A.They compared different kinds of texts. B.They made a list of some typical examples. C.They compared listening to music with reading. D.T

62、hey made experiments by involving participants. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句和第三段第一句中提到的“participants”可知，他們通過選用一些參與者來進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ A.Reading poems aroused participants' stronger emotions. B.The Default Network is connected with readers' minds. C.Listening to music can make par

63、ticipants get strong thrill. D.Reading essays can cause participants to have the same reaction. 答案：A　段落大意題。由第四段中的“a particular brain area called the Default Network”和“that network seems to be more strongly associated with poetry”可知，讀詩能激發(fā)參與者更強(qiáng)烈的情感。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.H

64、ave fun in reading B.Reading, music and the brain C.Different texts activate reflection D.Reading, similar to listening to music 答案：B　標(biāo)題判斷題。文章主要對比了我們在讀書和聽音樂時(shí)大腦的反應(yīng)。B項(xiàng)涵蓋了所有的要素，故最適合作標(biāo)題。 　 participant n. 參與者　emotional adj. 表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈情感的；令人動(dòng)情的　reflective adj. 沉思的；反射的　be associated with 與……有關(guān) 　 第三段第二句：

65、When reading these emotional texts, there was higher activity in brain areas associated with pleasure and reward—the same areas related to the thrill we get when we listen to music. 譯文：當(dāng)閱讀這些動(dòng)人的文字時(shí)，大腦中與快樂和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)相關(guān)的區(qū)域的活動(dòng)更多——就是與我們聽音樂時(shí)的興奮感相關(guān)的同樣的區(qū)域。 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，when reading ...是狀語從句的省略形式。we get是省略了關(guān)系代詞tha

66、t/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞thrill。第二個(gè)when也引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 (4) (原創(chuàng)題)The Chinese high-speed rails have a quality all on itsown, because it's so massive. There are more than twice as many high-speed trains in China as the rest of the world combined. Firstly, China's technology on building the railway is leading the rest of the world and there is no sign that any other country could surpass China's position in the near future. Secondly, China's trains are based on Japanese, German and French models. At last, th