2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 寫作中的高級表達(dá) 妙記8 言簡意明的非謂語動詞和with without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)案

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1、妙記8 言簡意明的非謂語動詞和with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 眾所周知，作文中出現(xiàn)過多的簡單句會讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而文章中過多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費勁。而恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用非謂語動詞對簡單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅顯得句式多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡意明。 一、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句 寫作時，我們可以利用非謂語動詞對兩個簡單句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級的表達(dá)方式。 ①I want to improve myself by reading some books.The books were written in the Tang Dynasty

2、. →I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty. 我想通過讀一些書來提高自己，這些書是在唐朝時期寫的。 ②Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province.It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it. →Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long b

3、een a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考書面表達(dá)) 泰山位于山東省。它一直是一個受歡迎的旅游景點，有許多中國傳奇故事。 [即時演練]　用非謂語動詞進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom. →All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (用過去分詞作定語) 2．The boy came to

4、 school late again. This made the teacher very angry. →The_boy's_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用動名詞作主語) 3．The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the homework earlier. →The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_homework_earli

5、er.(用動詞不定式作目的狀語) 二、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句 用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句比轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句要容易一些，因為需轉(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，這時只需要判斷用何種非謂語動詞，再把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)即可。 ①I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin so that I will be both physically and mentally qualified for this job. →In order to be both physically and me

6、ntally qualified for this job, I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin.(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá)) 我一直在鍛煉，閱讀書籍和有關(guān)天津的網(wǎng)上資料，這樣我在身體上和精神上都能勝任這項工作。 ②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a diff

7、erent way. →Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文寫作) 因為我認(rèn)為他的解決辦法可能是錯誤的，我仔細(xì)分析了這個問題，并試圖用另一種方法來解決它。 [即時演練]　用非謂語動詞進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．(2015·廣東高考滿分作文)If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us great

8、ly and we are sure to make obvious progress. →Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_obvious_progress. 2．(2014·山東高考寫作)When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. →Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us

9、_comfort_and_help. 3．(2014·浙江高考書面表達(dá))When I know that our library is going to buy some books, I'd like to give some suggestions. →Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I'd_like_to_give_some_suggestions. 4．(2013·湖南高考滿分作文)After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months

10、, we strongly desired to be the winner. →Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 三、非謂語動詞的常用句型 1．remain to be done “有待于被……” Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work. 我們的教育工作中還有許多問題要解決，還有許多事情要去做。

11、 2．疑問詞＋to do To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(2014·江西高考滿分作文) 對你們所有新同學(xué)來說，如何使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是必須要面對的首要問題。 3．連詞when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done We'll take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this

12、 July to your school.(2015·天津高考書面表達(dá)) 我們將于今年7月赴你們學(xué)校參加夏令營時帶去(贈)書。 4．easy/difficult/hard ...to do ... Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of. 像吸煙、酗酒等一些壞習(xí)慣不容易改掉。 5．prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... “寧愿

13、做……，而不愿做……” Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face. 如今，一些青少年寧愿在網(wǎng)上與陌生人閑談也不愿與父母面對面交談。 6．having done ...“已經(jīng)……” Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.(2014·江西高考單選) 我們幾乎把所有的錢都花光了，沒有錢住賓館了。 7．by

14、doing ... “通過做……” Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts. 在競爭激烈的環(huán)境下，他唯一能想到的應(yīng)對壓力的方式就是通過更加努力使自己變得更堅強(qiáng)。 8．only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的結(jié)果)“不料，竟然……” What's worse, I found myself having a fever this morning an

15、d I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days. 更糟糕的是，今天早晨我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己發(fā)燒，立刻去診所治療，不料被建議臥床休息三天。 9．judging by/from ... “根據(jù)……判斷” Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us. 從她臉上的神情看，她一定有非常令人興奮的消息要告訴我們。 10．com

16、pared with/to ... “與……比較” Compared to the traditional shoes, they have three new unique functions.(2014·湖南高考滿分作文) 與傳統(tǒng)的鞋子相比，它們有三個新的獨特功能。 11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... “據(jù)說/報道/認(rèn)為……” The boy is said to have learned 2,000 words by heart so far.　 據(jù)說那個男孩到目前為止已背了2 000個單詞。 [即時演練]　用非謂語動詞

17、補(bǔ)全句子 1．(2016·天津高考書面表達(dá))回顧過去的兩周，我們?nèi)滩蛔∠肫鹆宋覀冊谡n堂上進(jìn)行的那些激烈的討論。 Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can't help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class. 2．已經(jīng)排隊等了半個小時，這個老人突然想起他把飛機(jī)票落在車?yán)锪恕? Having_waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the plane ticket i

18、n the car. 3．當(dāng)參加重要的考試時，對一個學(xué)生來說，保持一個好的心態(tài)是很重要的。 It's very important for a student to keep up a good state of mind while_taking_important_ exams. 四、用“with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”簡化句子 寫作時，我們可以利用with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡意明。 ①As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to

19、call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth. →With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá) ) 隨著“地球日”的臨近，我們學(xué)校里張貼了許多海報，號召我們?yōu)榫G色地球采取行動。 ②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits besid

20、e a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it. →In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015·福建高考滿分作文) 在畫中，一個穿著破舊衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁邊，桌上有一堆竹簡。 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“介詞with或without＋復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”構(gòu)成，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第二部分賓語補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞

21、、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng)，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。 with結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下： She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名詞＋形容詞) 她走進(jìn)房間，因為天氣冷鼻子通紅。 With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名詞＋副詞) 吃完飯后，我們都回家了。 The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名詞＋介詞短語) 胳膊下夾著一根尺子

22、，大師走來走去。 He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代詞＋不定式) 沒有我?guī)退?，他不能完成這項工作。 She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞) 燈亮著她睡著了。 Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without＋代詞＋過去分詞) 櫥柜里沒有任何東西，她出去找東西吃。 [即時演練]　用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全句子

23、1．(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))做完所有的工作后，我們?nèi)チ烁浇纳鐓^(qū)，把它們給了住在那里的人們。 With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there. 2．(2016·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))有更多的人參加投票，結(jié)果會更客觀可靠。 With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable. 3．士兵讓他背朝著他父親站在那兒。 The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father. 4．他低著頭站在老師面前。 He stood before his teacher with_his_head_down. 5．有這么多人幫忙，我們一定能按時完成。 With_so_many_people_to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time. - 6 -