（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復習 第三板塊 語法填空與短文改錯 NO.1 先研考題 專題一 語法填空講義

《（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復習 第三板塊 語法填空與短文改錯 NO.1 先研考題 專題一 語法填空講義》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復習 第三板塊 語法填空與短文改錯 NO.1 先研考題 專題一 語法填空講義（13頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網上搜索。

1、專題一　語法填空 [做考題·明考情]　 A (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__ (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early b

2、y running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __64__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __66__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduce

3、d the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause)． The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good run

4、ning shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always __69__ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __70__ a try. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了跑步給我們的健康帶來的益處，號召我們嘗試一下跑步這種運動方式。 61．longer　考查副詞的比較級。由空格后的“than”可知應用比

5、較級，故填long的比較級longer。 62．to see　考查非謂語動詞。此句意為“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很長時間就見到效果”，不定式短語“to see the benefit”作目的狀語。 63．dying　考查非謂語動詞。reduce one's risk of ... “降低某人……的風險”，此處介詞of后接動詞時要用其動名詞形式。 64．is　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據上下文語境可知這里應用一般現(xiàn)在時；又因為主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞用is。 65．than　考查連詞。根據句中的比較級“more effective”并結合語境可知，這里是把running與w

6、alking, cycling or swimming進行比較，故填than。 66．that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“a study”，且在從句中作主語，故填關系代詞that/which。 67．causes　考查名詞復數(shù)。cause表示“原因，起因”時是可數(shù)名詞，且前面有all修飾，故填cause的復數(shù)形式。 68．strengthen　考查派生詞。此處to為不定式符號，在句中作目的狀語，故填strength的動詞形式strengthen。 69．energetic　考查派生詞。連系動詞is后應接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形

7、容詞形式energetic。 70．running/it　考查名詞或代詞。此處號召我們嘗試一下跑步這種運動，因此可以填名詞running，也可以用it指代。give sth. a try“嘗試一下某事”。 B (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __61__ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62__ past

8、25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __64__ (improve) water

9、quality. Corn uses less water __65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __67__ (glob

10、e) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __68__ (start) a soil-testing program __69__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 5

11、1.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while __70__ (feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。中國近年來根據人們的膳食變化調整農作物種植結構，為全球生態(tài)環(huán)境保護做出了貢獻。 61．has grown　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一

12、致。由時間狀語“Since 2011”可知，主句時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時；主語“the country”是第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞用has grown。 62．the　考查冠詞。over the past 25 years“在過去的25年里”。 63．actually　考查派生詞。此處表示“對肉的需求實際上是這種變化的背后原因”。修飾謂語動詞is應用副詞形式actually。 64．to improve　考查非謂語動詞。此處表示“政府鼓勵農民種植玉米而不是水稻來改善水質”，故用不定式作目的狀語。 65．than　考查連詞。由句中的比較級less可知，此處將玉米和水稻的用水量進行比較，故填tha

13、n。 66．pollution　考查派生詞。decrease“降低，減少”，后接名詞作賓語，故填pollution。 67．global　考查派生詞。修飾名詞短語“fertilizer consumption”應用形容詞，故填global。 68．started　考查動詞時態(tài)。由時間狀語“between 2005”可知事情發(fā)生在過去，應用一般過去時，故填started。 69．that/which　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導定語從句，修飾指物的“a soil-testing program”，且在從句中作主語，故填that/which。 70．feeding　考查非謂

14、語動詞。此處表示“中國在養(yǎng)活中國人民的同時又保護了環(huán)境……”。主語China與feed之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，所以用“連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”形式作狀語。 [全國卷3年考情分析] 考 查 點 卷別· 文體 年份 有提示詞 無提示詞 派生詞 謂語動詞 非謂語動詞 比較等級 名詞的數(shù) 代詞的格 冠詞 介詞 代詞 并列連詞 從屬關聯(lián)詞 其他語境填詞 2018年 全國卷Ⅰ(說明文) 2 1 2 1 1 / / / 1 / 2 / 全國卷Ⅱ(說明文) 3 2 2 / / / 1 / / / 2 / 全國卷Ⅲ(記敘文

15、) 2 1 2 1 / 1 1 1 / / 1 / 2017年 全國卷Ⅰ(說明文) 1 2 2 1 1 / 1 1 / / 1 / 全國卷Ⅱ(說明文) 3 2 1 / 1 / 1 1 1 / / / 全國卷Ⅲ(記敘文) 2 2 2 / 1 / 1 1 / / 1 / 2016年 全國卷Ⅰ(記敘文) 2 1 2 / 1 1 1 1 / / 1 / 全國卷Ⅱ(說明文) 2 2 1 1 1 / 1 1 / / / 1 全國卷Ⅲ(說明文) 2

16、 2 2 / / / / 1 / 1 2 / 3年統(tǒng)計 19 15 16 4 6 2 7 7 2 1 10 1 分析全國卷近三年的考點分布可以看出，語法填空考點設置有如下特點： 一、有提示詞類：設置6～7個小題 高頻考點 謂語動詞 1～2題?？疾闀r態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致，其中涉及語態(tài)方面的不超過1題，答案最多三個單詞。 非謂語動詞 1～2題?？疾椴欢ㄊ?、動名詞與分詞，每種最多設1題。 派生詞 1～3題。考查方式有動詞派生為名詞、名詞派生為形容詞或動詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設1題。 名詞 0～1題。主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，

17、也可能會考查名詞的所有格。 形容詞和副詞類 0～1題。主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉換，以及其比較級或最高級。 低頻考點 代詞：0～1題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格，要求考生填其賓格、名詞性或形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等。 二、無提示詞類：設置3～4個小題 高頻考點 介詞 0～1題。重點考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般不涉及短語介詞。 冠詞 0～1題。重點考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠詞，一般不涉及零冠詞。 從屬關聯(lián)詞 0～2題。側重于定語從句的引導詞。此外，名詞性從句、狀語從句也偶有涉及。 低頻考點 并列連詞 0～1題。并列句的關聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及

18、。 其他 0～1題。包括助動詞(如強調謂語動詞的do, does, did；構成部分倒裝的do, does, did；構成一般疑問句的do, does, did)，構成強調結構的it或that，連接性副詞(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。 [知考點·通技法]　 一、“有提示詞類”解題攻略 (一)高頻考點之一：提示詞為動詞 1．考查謂語動詞 解題 攻略 若句中無謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列

19、關系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；此時，應先考慮時態(tài)，考生可以根據句中的時間狀語或語篇提示確定時態(tài)，然后考慮語態(tài)，最后需考慮主謂一致和語氣問題，來確定謂語動詞的數(shù)。 典例1 (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __64__ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 分析：分析句子結構可知，前半句是由while引導的讓步狀語從句，后半句是主句，主句中含

20、有一個賓語從句，即it ...or swimming作says的賓語。又因此處是對客觀情況的描述，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，再根據主謂一致原則可知，應填is。 典例2 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __61__ (grow) more corn than rice. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少謂語動詞。根據時間狀語Since 2011可知，謂語動詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時，根據句意可知應用主動語態(tài)，再根據主謂一致原則可知填has gr

21、own。 典例3 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __68__ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 分析：分析句子結構可知，when the government __68__

22、(start) a soil-testing program為關系副詞when引導的定語從句，先行詞為2005。通過分析定語從句可知從句中缺少謂語動詞，再根據時間狀語between 2005可知應填一般過去時，根據句意可知需用主動語態(tài)，故填started。 2．考查非謂語動詞 解題 攻略 若句中已有謂語動詞，空處又不在句中作并列謂語時，所要填的通常是非謂語動詞，此時需進一步確定是非謂語動詞的哪種形式。一般來說，作主語、賓語、表語、定語通常用動名詞形式；此外，doing表示主動、正在進行；done表示被動、完成；to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。 典例4 (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)You d

23、on't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early by running. 分析：第一句中已有謂語動詞don't have to run，故空格處應為非謂語動詞。根據句意可知應填不定式to see，作目的狀語。第二句中已有謂語動詞reduce，故空格處應為非謂語動詞。又因空格前有介詞of，結合句意可知，應填dying，作介詞of的賓語。 典例5 (201

24、8·全國卷Ⅱ)Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __64__ (improve) water quality. 分析：句中已有謂語動詞encourages，故空格處應為非謂語動詞。根據句意可知應填不定式to improve，作目的狀語。 典例6 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while __70__ (feed) its citizens “offe

25、rs useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有謂語動詞offers，再根據空格前有從屬連詞while可知，“while __70__ (feed) its citizens”為時間狀語從句的省略結構，所填的詞與其邏輯主語China之間為主動關系，故應填現(xiàn)在分詞feeding。 典例7 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my day

26、s on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter __66__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 分析：when引導的從句中已經有謂語動詞was，且從句中無其他連詞，故空處應填非謂語動詞。reporter與permit之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表被動。過去分詞短語permitted to ...作后置定語，修飾reporter。故填permitted。 3

27、．考查派生詞 解題 攻略 有時所給提示詞雖然是動詞，但是空格處既不是考查謂語動詞也不是考查非謂語動詞，而是要求填所給詞的派生詞。此時要結合空格處前后的修飾詞來確定所給提示詞應派生為哪種詞性。一般考查動詞派生為名詞，有時還需考慮動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~甚至副詞。 典例8 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有謂語動詞has

28、decreased，其后缺少賓語，故填名詞pollution。 典例9 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ) This development was only possible with the __69__ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 分析：由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應接名詞，故填introduction。 [技法匯總]　“一定三思”解“動詞” (二)高頻考點之二：提示詞為名詞 解題 攻略 所給提示詞為名詞時，通常考查可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復數(shù)，或名詞派生為形容詞、動詞等。 典例10 (2018·

29、全國卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause)． 分析：分析句子成分可知，from all __67__ (cause)為介詞短語作后置定語，空處位于介詞之后作賓語，又因空格前面有all，所以填其復數(shù)形式causes。 典例11 (2

30、018·全國卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有謂語動詞do，再根據句意可知，此處應填動詞形式，與空前的不定式符號to構成不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。故填strengthen。 典例12 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the

31、most __70__ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 分析：根據語境并結合空前的the most可知，空處表達最高級意義。故填successful。 (三)高頻考點之三：提示詞為形容詞或副詞 解題 攻略 當提示詞為形容詞或副詞時，需考慮是否是考查比較級或形容詞和副詞之間的相互轉換。當提示詞為形容詞時，還要考慮是否需要轉換為名詞形式。 典例13 (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live

32、 three years __61__ (long) than non-runners. 分析：根據空格后面的than可知，此處考查比較級形式，故填longer。 典例14 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空處在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞is應用副詞。故填actually。 (四)低頻考點：提示詞為代詞 解題 攻略

33、 所給提示詞是代詞時，一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~。有時需考慮人稱代詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)、主格變?yōu)橘e格、人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~等。 典例15 (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __68__ (they) alive. 分析：因空處作動詞find的賓語，故應填人稱代詞的賓格形式，即them。 典例16 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been

34、rejected by __68__ (it) mother. 分析：mother是名詞，所填詞作定語修飾mother，故填其形容詞性物主代詞its。 二、“無提示詞類”解題攻略 (一)高頻考點之一：填介詞 解題 攻略 當名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面一般是填介詞。對介詞的考查通常側重于固定搭配中的介詞及常見介詞的習慣用法。 典例1 (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searchi

35、ng __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，此處指“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。 典例2 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on t

36、he roads above as they travelled to and __62__ work. 分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。 (二)高頻考點之二：填冠詞 解題 攻略 當空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或者空格處修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級、表示特指意義的比較級等形式時，那么空格處一般是填冠詞。有時還考查冠詞在一些固定搭配中的用法。 典例3 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62__ past 25 years, w

37、hile rice has increased only 7 percent. 分析：句意：玉米產量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。特指在過去的25年里。故填定冠詞the。 典例4 (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs. 分析：固定短語at the top of“在……的頂部”，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。 (三)高頻考點之三：填從屬關聯(lián)詞 解題 攻略 當空格前后為兩個句

38、子，且其中一個句子在另一句中充當某一句子成分時，空格處應填從屬關聯(lián)詞。一般情況下，考查的是定語從句的關聯(lián)詞，有時也考查名詞性從句或狀語從句的關聯(lián)詞。 典例5 (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __66__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 分析：分析句子結構可知，空

39、處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a study，并在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。 典例6 (2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Over time, __45__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 分析：根據句意和句子結構可知，空格處引導時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”或“當……時候”，故填as/when。 (四)低頻考點：填并列連詞 解題攻略 當空格前后是同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語或句子時，空格處一般是填并列連詞。 典

40、例7 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water __65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 分析：根據比較級less可知，此處將玉米和水稻用水量進行比較，需填連詞，故填than。 [課堂應用體驗]　

41、 A (2018·綿陽診斷)For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what's called a “gap year”. In common with many other British teenagers, he chose __1__ (take) a year out before settling down to study for his degree.After doing various __2__ (job) to raise some money, h

42、e left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America and Asia.The more adventurous the young person, the __3__ (great) the challenge they are likely to set __4__ (them) for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can result in a thirst for adventure. Now that his u

43、niversity course __5__ (come) to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world.What's more, he plans to make the whole journey __6__ (use) only means of transport which are powered by natural energy.In other words, he will be relying __7__ (main

44、) on bicycles and his own legs; and when there's an ocean to cross, he won't be taking a shortcut (捷徑) __8__ flying aboard — he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship, instead. As well as doing some mountain climbing along __9__ way, Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental

45、 message __10__ lies behind the whole idea. 語篇解讀：本文主要講述了一個大學生利用“間隔年”去旅行，以實際行動倡議環(huán)保的故事。 1．to take　考查非謂語動詞。choose to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“選擇做某事”，故用不定式作賓語。 2．jobs　考查名詞復數(shù)。job是可數(shù)名詞，且根據其前的定語various可知，此處應用復數(shù)形式，表示“各種工作”。 3．greater　考查形容詞比較級。根據固定句型the more ..., the more ...“越……，就越……”可知，此處用形容詞比較級。 4．themselves　

46、考查代詞。喜歡冒險的年輕人很可能給他們自己設置更大的間隔年挑戰(zhàn)。此處與they呼應，故用反身代詞作賓語。 5．has come　考查動詞時態(tài)。now that是連詞，引導狀語從句，意為“既然”，由此可知事情已經發(fā)生，應用完成時，且與語境中的is呼應，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。 6．using　考查非謂語動詞。動詞use和主語he之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。 7．mainly　考查副詞。此處修飾謂語will be relying on，應用副詞形式，故填mainly。 8．by/through　考查介詞。根據語境可知，此處表示“以……方式/方法”，與上文中的“only

47、 means of transport”呼應，故用介詞by/through。 9．the　考查冠詞。along the way為固定搭配，意為“在……過程中”，故用定冠詞。 10．that/which　考查定語從句。此處用that/which引導定語從句，且在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞the environmental message。 B (2018·沈陽質檢)China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new __1__ (invent)” — high-speed

48、rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping. China's new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing Hao, is now one of the __2__ (fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China __3__ (improve) people's lives in many other innovative

49、 ways over the last decade. Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made __4__ much more convenient and popular both in China __5__ overseas. The leading Chinese bike-sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain. And back

50、 in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop __6__ (buy) and eat whatever you want __7__ (simple) with a tap on your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by __8__ (scan) the seller's QR code. Cashless payment has grown into a __9__ (choose) for Chinese people — even a pancake selle

51、r is using Alipay. As for Alipay, it was designed to serve the online shopping at first, __10__ is now the most ways to make purchases in China. You can buy anything you need without leaving your homes. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國的“新四大發(fā)明”。 1．inventions　考查名詞。前面有four great new修飾，故用該詞對應的名詞的復數(shù)形式，故填invention

52、s。 2．fastest　考查形容詞的最高級。根據后面的比較范圍in the world可知，這里應用最高級形式。 3．has improved　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。over the last decade表示“在過去十年”，常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用；又因為主語是China，故用has improved。 4．it　考查代詞。這里it指代前面的Bike sharing，充當動詞made的賓語。 5．and　考查連詞。both ... and ...為固定搭配，表示“兩者都……”。 6．to buy　考查非謂語動詞。stop to do sth.表示“停下來去做另一件事”，這里表示停下共享單車去買東西吃，故用不定式充當賓語。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。 7．simply　考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾with介詞短語，故用所給詞的副詞形式。 8．scanning　考查非謂語動詞?？仗幾鹘樵~by的賓語，故用動名詞形式。 9．choice　考查名詞。冠詞a后面應用所給動詞的名詞形式。 10．which　考查定語從句?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，且在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞online shopping，故填which。 13