（江蘇專用）2021版新高考英語一輪復習 課時提能練15-16 牛津譯林版

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1、課時提能練15-16 課時提能練(十五) Book 3　Unit 2　Language 課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．It's not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 2．Occupying(occupy) herself with routine tasks，she had no time to attend to her children. 3．He rose from his seat and answered the question raised (raise) by the

2、 teacher. 4．All of a sudden，he stood directly，representing(represent) his ideas to the people present at the meeting. 5．We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprise and horror. Ⅱ.語境語法填空 English has many difficult rules 1.that/which confuse people.Before the middle of the 5th century，

3、people in Britain all spoke Celtic.Then two 2.Germanic (German) groups from the European mainland and the Vikings from Northern European countries 3.invaded(invade) Britain.They brought with them their languages，4.which are also mixed with Old English.By the 10th century，Old English 5.had_beco

4、me(become) the official language of England.6.After the Normans conquered England，F(xiàn)rench was spoken in this country together with English，7.resulting(result) in even more words with similar meanings. Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.8.Pronunciation (pronounce) also went through hu

5、ge changes.9.It is certain that this process will continue，and people will keep 10.inventing (invent) new words and new ways of saying things. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．據(jù)我所知，該風俗為中國獨有。 As far as I know，this custom is_unique_to_China. 2．有些人浪費糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。 Some people waste food while_others_don't_have_enough.

6、 3．是你們的而不是我們的決定使他卷入這個事件中。 It was your decision rather than ours that led_to/contributed_to his being involved in the matter. 4．在課堂上，老師永遠不會被電腦取代。 Teachers will never be_replaced_by_computers in the classroom. 5．科學研究對人類非常有益。 Scientific research is_of_great__benefit/very_beneficial_to mankind

7、. 課時作業(yè)B：能力層面 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·陜西省部分學校摸底檢測)Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic. The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40,000 metric tons—within five years.In

8、the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine，creating the largest floating barrier ever made. The system，originally dreamt up by Mr.Slat，will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage P

9、atch，between Hawaii and California，which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic.It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997. Mr.Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting

10、 the sea.“There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls.Two years later he came up with a solution，quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company.Mr.Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone.“We as humanity created this problem，so I

11、 think it's also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic，research found last month.Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing ge

12、ar，such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels. Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales，dolphins and seals each year，according to scientific surveys.Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic.Creatures eat plastic d

13、iscarded in the sea thinking it's food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly.Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發(fā)明。 1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?

14、A．Waste.　　　　　　　　 B．Ocean. C．System. D．Machine. A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”。故選A。] 2．Which on

15、e makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage? A．Fishing vessels. B．Dolphins and seals. C．Giant tubes. D．Abandoned fishing gear. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vesse

16、ls”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。] 3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation? A．Because they are killed by ghost gear. B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear. C．Because they don't like eating plastic. D．Because they are not feeding properly. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒

17、數(shù)第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因為它們不能真正地進食。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A report about the death of marine life. B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic. C．Information about ocean plastic. D．The reason fo

18、r inventing a machine. B　[主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發(fā)明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic”點明了文章的主題。故選B。] B (2019·合肥市第二次教學質(zhì)量檢測)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives.For example，we have to detect

19、 spam mail(垃圾郵件)，false political news.When we use AI，such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning— having the computer learn，using the boundary separating positive and negative data.For example，“positive” data would be photos including a happy face，and “negative” data phot

20、os that include a sad face.Once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative. However，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available

21、 in many cases.For instance，when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase，they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data)，but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data)，since they d

22、o not have access to their competitors' data. According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP，“Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available，but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we ha

23、ve a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users.Using our new_ method，we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.” According to Ishida，“This discovery could expand the ran

24、ge of applications where classification technology can be used.Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used，our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制)．In the near future，we

25、hope to put our technology to use in various research fields，such as natural language processing，computer vision，robotics，and bioinformatics.” 【語篇解讀】　分類對我們的日常生活至關(guān)重要。然而在分類技術(shù)機器學習過程中，分類既需要積極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)；而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多情況下是很難獲得的?，F(xiàn)在科學家能用分類技術(shù)使機器學習只識別積極的數(shù)據(jù)。 5．How can the computer distinguish the positive data

26、from the negative data? A．By learning the classification boundary. B．By updating the data collected regularly. C．By separating happy faces and sad ones. D．By introducing classification technology. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether ce

27、rtain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦學習了分類邊界，計算機就可以確定某些數(shù)據(jù)是積極的還是消極的，由此可知，計算機是通過學習分類邊界來區(qū)分積極數(shù)據(jù)和消極數(shù)據(jù)的。] 6．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To prove how important the positive data are. B．To confirm that data on customers are complete. C．To argue that retailers get their competitors

28、' data. D．To explain why negative data are hard to acquire. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在學習過程中，它既需要積極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)，而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多情況下是

29、很難獲得的，進而后面舉例說明解釋了為什么消極的數(shù)據(jù)很難獲得。] 7．What do the underlined words“new method”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Analyzing buying intention. B．Building a confidence score. C．Assessing the active rate of app users. D．Equipping the computer with confidence. B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第三段，尤其是畫線詞組前一句中的“but we have made it

30、 possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，畫線詞組所在句表示使用這種建立信心指數(shù)的新方法，我們就可以讓電腦只用積極的數(shù)據(jù)來學習，故畫線詞組是指建立信心指數(shù)。] 8．What can be a suitable title fo

31、r the text? A．The History of Classification Technology B．Smarter AI: Machine Learning Without Negative Data C．Bigger Data: Computers Assisting Language Processing D．The Comparison between Positive Data and Negative Data B　[標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，分類對我們的日常生活至關(guān)重要。然而在分類技術(shù)機器學習過程中，分類既需要積極的數(shù)據(jù)，也需要消極的數(shù)據(jù)，而消極的數(shù)據(jù)在很多

32、情況下是很難獲得的。現(xiàn)在科學家能用分類技術(shù)使機器學習只識別積極的數(shù)據(jù)。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·福建省質(zhì)量檢查測試)Every year，the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington，D.C.Terence __1__ the exciting trip，and was __2__ to go the next year. Terence asked his parents __3__ if they would pay for half of the trip

33、 if he earned the other half of the money himself.His parents __4__.He had almost a year to earn $150.His first __5__ was to earn money by babysitting，and he typed a nice letter __6__ that “he would babysit during his neighbors' __7__”．He named a few afternoons available and said he would __8__ $1 p

34、er hour per child.After five babysitting __9__， he earned $45. When the __10__ weather arrived，Terence knocked on his neighbors' doors to ask if they needed help with __11__ work.He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.After the summer was over，he earned $75.When the fall arrived，he counted h

35、is money and __12__ that he still needed $30 for his trip.Soon his mom saw a(n) __13__ for a job for him.He got a job __14__ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for every paper，$10 __15__ each Wednesday.It wasn't long before he had __16__ money to go on the trip to Washington，D.C.He

36、was __17__ in time.The class trip was on October 15.His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they __18__ him.What a great feeling! He helped __19__ the cost of his trip. This experience __20__ Terence in many ways，making his dream a reality with great efforts. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。小學生Terence非?？释トA

37、盛頓進行實地調(diào)查旅行，他希望自己掙一半旅費，另一半由父母資助。父母答應(yīng)后，他通過幫鄰居照看小孩、修剪花園和給花園除雜草等工作攢夠了錢。 1．A.prepared for B．laid out C．referred to D．heard about D　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，每年Terence所在學校的五年級學生都要去華盛頓進行實地調(diào)查旅行；結(jié)合該句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence應(yīng)該是聽說了這個激動人心的旅行，就渴望來年也去。D項意為“聽說”，故D項正確。] 2．A.dying B．grateful C．lucky D．proud A　[參見上題解析

38、。be dying to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“渴望做某事”，故A項正確。] 3．A.curiously B．casually C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．briefly C　[根據(jù)上文可知，Terence渴望去華盛頓進行實地調(diào)查旅行；又結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示Terence急切地問他的父母是否愿意支付他參加旅行的一半費用。C項意為“急切地，渴望地”，故C項正確。] 4．A.submitted B．a(chǎn)greed C．bargained D．refused B　[根據(jù)下文可知，他有近一年的時間去掙150美元；又根據(jù)下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a

39、 check for the $150 they ________ him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)為他支付一半的旅行費用。] 5．A.idea B．job C．conclusion D．suggestion A　[根據(jù)該句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并結(jié)合語境可知，他的第一個主意(idea)就是通過代人臨時照看孩子來掙錢，并打了一封信，信上說(saying)在鄰居不在時他可以幫他們照看孩子。] 6．A.declaring B．confirming C．showing D．saying D　[

40、參見上題解析。] 7．A.stay B．company C．interaction D．a(chǎn)bsence D　[absence“缺席，不在”符合語境，故D項正確。] 8．A.pay B．spend C．charge D．donate C　[根據(jù)該句中的“$1 per hour per child”并結(jié)合語境可知，Terence幫鄰居照看孩子的收費標準是每個孩子每小時一美元。C項意為“收費，開價”，故C項正確。] 9．A.negotiations B．sessions C．a(chǎn)ttempts D．interviews B　[根據(jù)語境可知，在幫助鄰居照看五次孩子后，他賺了45美元。B

41、項意為“一段時間”，符合語境，故B項正確。] 10．A.warm B．fine C．unusual D．changeable A　[根據(jù)下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，該處指當溫暖的(warm)天氣來臨時，他敲鄰居們的門問是否需要幫忙做院子(yard)里的工作。] 11．A.yard B．paper C．school D．volunteer A　[參見上題解析。] 12．A.admitted B．determined C．complained D．insisted B　[根據(jù)該句中的“he still n

42、eeded $30 for his trip”和語境可知，數(shù)過錢后，他算出還需要30美元。determine“準確算出”符合語境。] 13．A.directory B．permit C．a(chǎn)dvertisement D．email C　[根據(jù)下文中他開始送報紙，并結(jié)合語境和常識可知，很快他的媽媽看到一個廣告(advertisement)，為他找到了一份工作。] 14．A.editing B．updating C．printing D．delivering D　[根據(jù)該句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for

43、 every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送報紙的工作，每份報紙掙5美分，每周三總共(in total)掙10美元；deliver newspapers意為“送報紙”，故D項正確。] 15．A.at once B．on time C．a(chǎn)fter all D．in total D　[參見上題解析。] 16．A.extra B．much C．enough D．easy C　[根據(jù)上文描述的他還需要30美元和他每周三送報紙掙10美元可知，不久他就有足夠的(enough)錢去華盛頓旅行了。] 17．A.just B．even C．ever D．still A　[根據(jù)下文

44、“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天時他賺夠了錢，正好趕上旅行。A項意為“正好”，故A項正確。] 18．A.owed B．lent C．promised D．ordered C　[根據(jù)上文他的父母同意給他出一半的錢可知，此處表示他的父母給了之前向他承諾的150美元的支票。C項意為“承諾”，故C項正確。] 19．A.count B．cover C．estimate D．reduce B　[根據(jù)上文可知，他掙了150美元，他的父母又給他150美元，所以他攢夠了足以支付自己旅行的費用。B項意為“足以支付，夠付”，符合語境，故B項正確。] 20

45、．A.astonished B．shaped C．excited D．impressed B　[根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，這段經(jīng)歷在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的夢想成為現(xiàn)實。] 課時提能練(十六) Unit 2　Language 課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面 Ⅰ.語境語法填空 A Aside from Britain，the USA and Australia also have made great 1.contributions (contribution) to the development of English.Though the

46、ir English 2.differs (differ) from each other，they can't 3.be_mistaken(mistake)．English is one of the 4.official (office) languages in many countries，which plays an important part in the international communication.It is certain 5.that most scientific achievements are in English and therefore it

47、 is necessary to learn English well.Many websites are in English.Therefore，it is 6.convenient (convenience) to learn it. B By the 10th century，Old English 1.had_become(become) the official language of England.After the Normans conquered England，F(xiàn)rench was spoken in this country together with Eng

48、lish，resulting in even 2.more (many) words with similar meanings. Modern English 3.includes (include) many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also went 4.through huge changes.It is certain 5.that this process will continue，and people will keep 6.inventing (invent) new words and new ways of saying

49、things. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．那就是我認為長江之行將是一個更好的選擇的原因。(why) That is why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_ choice. 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·滿分作文)我認為這對你參觀剪紙展覽有很大的用處。(be of＋n.) I think it is_of_great_use for you to visit the paper-cutting exhibition. 3．唯一容易學的語言是母語。(be＋adj.＋to do) The only lan

50、guage that is_easy_to_learn is one's mother tongue. 4．英式英語和美式英語在發(fā)音和拼寫方面有明顯的區(qū)別。(differ) British English differs_obviously_from American English in pronunciation and spelling. 課時作業(yè)B：能力層面 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·鄭州一中入學摸底測試)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work，but nothing beats the feeling you ge

51、t after finishing a long workout around the track. But while it's long been believed that endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner's high”，a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew. According to a recent s

52、tudy published by a group of scientists from several German universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(內(nèi)源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling. To test this theory，the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and e

53、ndocannabinoids after exercise，along with many other chemicals.After exercising on running wheels，the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed.However，when their endocannabinoids were block with a different

54、drug，the runner's high symptoms seemed to fade. “The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false.Endorphins are effective pain relievers，but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a scien

55、ce blog. Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans，but it's already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK's National Health Service even prescribes(開藥方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leav

56、e you feeling low in energy，which might put you off being more active.Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression，and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website. It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good wo

57、rkout，even if we don't fully understand where it comes from.At least if we're feeling down，we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要探究了影響運動者情緒高漲的因素。 1．What did scientists from German universities recently discover? A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat dep

58、ression. B．The runner's high could be caused by endocannabinoids. C．Endorphins may contribute to one's high spirits after running. D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one's mood. B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several Ge

59、rman universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(內(nèi)源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling”可知，德國一些大學的科學家們最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了跑步后的快感是由內(nèi)源性大麻素引起的，故選B。] 2．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ________. A．find what reduces the runner's high symptoms B．see the

60、specific symptoms of the runner's high C．identify what is responsible for the runner's high D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第二段和第三段的整體理解，并結(jié)合第四段“To test this theory，the scientists turned to mice”可推知，科學家們拿老鼠做實驗是為了確定究竟是哪種物質(zhì)會引起跑步者的情緒高漲，故選C。] 3．The underlined

61、 word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to ________. A．effect　　　　　 B．goal C．question D．belief D　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)對全文內(nèi)容的理解可知，該詞所在句子與第二段“But while it's long been believed that endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called ‘runner's high’， a study suggeste

62、d that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew”呼應(yīng)，并結(jié)合本句結(jié)構(gòu)可推知，此處notion與believed相呼應(yīng)，故選D。] 4．According to the UK's National Health Service，regular workouts ________. A．a(chǎn)re the best way to treat depression B．can help ease depression symptoms C．only work for those with serious de

63、pression D．can help people completely recover from depression B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三、四段和倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression，and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression”可知，常規(guī)鍛煉有利于情緒好轉(zhuǎn)，緩解抑郁癥狀，故選B。] B (2019·昆明市摸底調(diào)研)Nine months ago，I was packi

64、ng my daughter's backpack with new school supplies，wondering how I was going to send her off to kindergarten.I stood on the playground，tears pouring down my face because I wasn't ready for this first day of kindergarten—but she was ready.Today I will be standing on the playground，once again with tea

65、rs，because this precious time went by too quickly.This week I realized that I never told you “thank you”．I don't know how to express a mother's thanks in the way a teacher deserves. We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of tea

66、cher we would appreciate forever. While the students lined up for the day，you touched each one on the shoulder as you greeted them.If a student was having a tough morning，you quietly held his hand and walked him into the school. I got to know you as I volunteered in the lunch room.You made sure your students were all ready for lunch before you went on your own lunch break.You kept track of their big things and small things，because as a veteran kindergarten teacher，you know that the small things