2016屆高考英語(yǔ) 高頻易混詞語(yǔ)辨析

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1、高考高頻易混詞語(yǔ)辨析 1. celebrate, congratulate celebrate 和 congratulate 的區(qū)別： (1) celebrate 意思是舉行儀式、典禮的“慶?！?，只能用事（節(jié)日、勝利、成功等）作賓語(yǔ)； We had a party to celebrate Mother's silver wedding. 我們舉行宴會(huì)慶祝母親的銀婚紀(jì)念日。 (2)congratulate 意思是“祝賀；道賀”，只能用人作賓語(yǔ)，若要表明所祝賀的事情，后面要用 on (upon) 連接，例如： We congratulated her on winning th

2、e contest. 我們祝賀她在比賽中獲勝。 I will congratulate you (up) on your success. 我預(yù)祝你成功。 注意： 譯：他們下星期為你慶賀生日。 誤：They will congratulate your birthday next week. 正：They will celebrate your birthday next week. 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 celebrate 和 congratulate 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I _______ you on the birth of a son. 2. We shoul

3、d _______ the boy for keeping a cool head. 3. He _______ his birthday with a banquet. 4. We _______ our national Day every year. 5. They held a party to _______ the victory. 答案： 1. congratulate 2. congratulate 3. celebrated 4. celebrate 5. celebrate 2. chance, opportunity chanc

4、e 和 opportunity 這兩個(gè)單詞都可以表示“機(jī)會(huì)”，但含義不同。 (1)chance 指僥幸的或偶然的機(jī)會(huì),或無(wú)法解釋的 “天意” 或 “命運(yùn)” 所安排的時(shí)機(jī)，意為運(yùn)氣，機(jī)會(huì)。 It’s the chance of lifetime. 這是千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)。 (2) opportunity 指符合人們意向或目的的一般機(jī)會(huì)，或指某一特定時(shí)機(jī)，有利于做某件事以實(shí)現(xiàn)某種抱負(fù)與愿望，意為：良機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)。二者?？山粨Q使用。例如： What a wonderful opportunity! 多么難得的機(jī)會(huì)呀！ They had no chance/opportunity to escape

5、. 他們沒(méi)有逃跑的機(jī)會(huì)。 I had no chance/opportunity to see him. 我沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)見(jiàn)到他。 I never miss a chance/opportunity of playing football. 我從不放棄任何踢足球的機(jī)會(huì)。 I wish I'd had your chances/opportunities. 但愿我曾獲得你那樣的好機(jī)會(huì)。 注意: ① 表示偶然性，強(qiáng)調(diào)“命運(yùn)”的安排時(shí)，chance 比 opportunity 更好。例如： Chance plays an important part in many card games. 在很

6、多紙牌游戲中，運(yùn)氣起著重要的作用。 A wise man turns chance into good fortune. 聰明人能把機(jī)會(huì)變成好運(yùn)氣。 ② chance 還可表示 “可能性”，opportunity 沒(méi)有這種用法，例如： The chances are ten to one that we will win. 我們獲勝的可能性是十比一。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 chance 和 opportunity 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Don’t let slip any _______ of improving you. 2. There are not many prom

7、otion ________ in this company. 3. I am glad to have this ________ of speaking to you. 4. By some strange ________, we discovered the error. 5. This is the ________ had been waiting for. 6. There was no ________ in such a system for the poor. 7. There is little ________ of meeting him again. 答

8、案： 1. opportunity 2. opportunities 3. opportunity/chance 4. chance 5. chance 6. chance 7. chance 3. choose, elect, select choose, elect 和 select 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有 “挑選”、“選擇” 的意思，但各自的含義和用法有所不同。 （1）choose 是普通用語(yǔ)，指按自己的判斷力或好惡來(lái)進(jìn)行挑選，挑選可以在兩者、也可以在任意多者之中進(jìn)行，其后接 between A and/or B, sb./sth. from sb./s

9、th., sb./sth. as sth.。例如： Miss Li has to choose between giving up her job and/or hiring a nanny.李小姐得在放棄工作和雇用保姆之間作選擇。 Could you choose me a good one from among them? 勞駕給我從中挑選一個(gè)好的,行嗎？ The students chose Gao Feng as their monitor. 學(xué)生們選高峰當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。 （2）select 表示在選擇上比 choose 要考慮得更細(xì)致，主要根據(jù)被選對(duì)象的優(yōu)劣，選拔、精選出最佳或最

10、合適者，被挑選對(duì)象一般多于兩個(gè)，其后面常常接 sb./sth. (from sb./sth.), sb./sth.(as sth.)。例如： He selected an appropriate birthday card from the rack for his mother. 他從架子上給母親挑選了一張合適的生日賀卡。 Who was selected as the team leader? 選誰(shuí)出來(lái)當(dāng)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)？ （3）elect指通過(guò)投票等方式正式地選出，常作 “選舉”、“推選” 解，后面接sb.(to sth.), sb. (as) sth.。例如： Ms. Mendel wa

11、s elected to parliament. 門(mén)德?tīng)柵慨?dāng)選為議員。 We elected him (as) our team leader by a show of hands. 我們通過(guò)舉手的方式選舉他當(dāng)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用choose, elect 和 select 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. My wife took a long time to ______ a new dress. 2. They want to _____ some from among them for seeds. 3. There is nothing to ______ betwee

12、n them. 4. The people _____ my brother as chairman. 5. The girl _____ the red sweater rather than the pink one. 6. My wife was _____ to the committee. 7. Why didn’t you _____ a better subject for your composition? 8. When people _____ someone, they _____ that person to represent them by voting.

13、 答案： 1. choose/select 2. select 3. choose 4. elected 5. chose 6. elected 7. select 8. elect, choose 4. contrary，opposite contrary 和 opposite 用作形容詞，均可表示“完全相反的”。 (1) contrary 一般用于表示相反的意見(jiàn)、計(jì)劃、目的等抽象意義，有時(shí)帶有矛盾或敵對(duì)的意味： What you have done is contrary to the doctor's orders. 你所做的與醫(yī)生的指示恰好相

14、反。 Your statement is contrary to the facts. 你的陳述與事實(shí)相反。 Opposite 和contrary 有時(shí)可通用： The trains go in opposite/contrary directions. 火車(chē)朝著相反的方向行駛。 要表達(dá) black 和 white, calm 和 agitate 這樣成對(duì)的概念時(shí)，即這一個(gè)是另一個(gè)的反面，不可說(shuō) What's the contrary of “calm”? 而應(yīng)說(shuō) What's the opposite of “calm”? calm（鎮(zhèn)靜）的反面是什么？ (2) opposit

15、e 是常用詞，常指相反的位置、方向、性質(zhì)、結(jié)果等靜態(tài)含義，但不一定有敵對(duì)的含義。 Go into that opposite room, and wait there until I come. 到對(duì)面那個(gè)房間去，在那兒等我回來(lái)。 It would have just the opposite effect. 它會(huì)產(chǎn)生完全相反的結(jié)果。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 contrary 和 opposite 填空。 1． In England you must drive on the ______ side of the road to rest of Europe. 2. John an

16、d Mary sat at ______ ends of the table. 3. This is Number 6, so Number 13 must be on the ______ side of the street. 4. “Hot” and “cold” are ______ term. 5. The ship was delayed by ______ wind. 答案： 1. opposite 2. opposite 3. opposite 4. contrary 5. contrary 5. damage, destroy, ruin

17、 damage, destroy 和 ruin 這三個(gè)單詞均表示“破壞”、“損壞”的意思，但各自的含義和用法不同。 (1)damage 指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞，用作名詞時(shí)常與to sth. 連用。例如： A lot of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了這個(gè)地區(qū)很多的房屋。 The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 這次車(chē)禍?zhǔn)顾能?chē)受到很大的損壞。 (2)destroy 只能用作動(dòng)詞，指徹底破壞

18、，以致不可能修復(fù)，常作“破壞”、“毀滅”解，也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。例如： The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震幾乎毀滅了整個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。 My hope of being a writer was destroyed. 我想成為一個(gè)作家的希望破滅了。 (3)ruin 則表示破壞嚴(yán)重，以致不能修復(fù)，但這種破壞不像 destroy 那樣毀滅某物，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問(wèn)題。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它作“使毀滅”、“使崩潰”、“弄糟”解；用作名詞時(shí)，它表示“毀滅”、“瓦解”、“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin 也有借喻的用法。例如：

19、The fire ruined the castle. 那場(chǎng)大火使城堡夷為廢墟。 He has ruined his health through drinking. 他飲酒過(guò)多，把身體搞垮了。 The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。 The company is facing ruin. 這家公司面臨破產(chǎn)。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 damage, destroy 和 ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. There was no way of repairing the house. It had been _______. 2. A fire

20、 had severely _______ part of the school. 3. Several buildings were _______ by the bomb. 4. He _______ his respects by carelessness. 5. Many of the books were _______ by fire. 6. We passed the _______ of an old castle. 7. She poured water all over my painting and _______ it. 8. All hopes of a

21、peaceful settlement were ________ by his violent speech. 答案： 1. ruined 2. damaged 3. destroyed 4. ruined 5. damaged 6. ruin 7. ruined 8. destroyed 6. escape, flee escape 和 flee 這兩個(gè)詞都有“逃”的意思，但其含義和用法都不盡相同。 (1) escape 含達(dá)到安然逃脫的結(jié)果之意。例如： He Hong escaped from prison. 何洪越獄逃跑。 None

22、 of them escaped being caught. 他們又被抓獲，一個(gè)也沒(méi)有逃掉。 He was thankful to escaped being caught. 他慶幸未被捉獲。 (2)flee 側(cè)重逃時(shí)的急促狀況。 He fled his native village to join the Red Army. 他逃離家鄉(xiāng)去參加紅軍。 說(shuō)明：flee只用于過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)用 fly 代替。fly 作“逃出”解時(shí)，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為fled. 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 escape 和 flee 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The customers

23、_____ from the bank when the alarm sounded 2. The people have vowed not to let the traitor gang _____ punishment. 3. Even if the enemy had wings, they could no _____ from our encirclement. 4. They enemy troops _____ in all directions. 5. The soldier _____ from the enemy’s prison. 答案： 1. fled

24、 2. escape 3. escape 4. were fleeing 5. escaped 7. excuse，forgive，pardon excuse，forgive 和pardon都可在與人交往時(shí)表示歉意或客氣，主要區(qū)別是： （1）excuse是個(gè)最普通的用詞，forgive語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。 （2）excuse不能帶雙賓語(yǔ)，而forgive和pardon可帶。例如： Forgive(Pardon) me my rudeness. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业拇拄敗? （3）如未聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的話，請(qǐng)對(duì)方重說(shuō)一遍，一般用I beg your pardon或Pardon，且說(shuō)話時(shí)用升調(diào)。但對(duì)

25、于很熟悉或年齡比自己小很多的人，也可說(shuō)What’s that或What did you say，且用升調(diào)。 （4）其他情況下三者有如下區(qū)別： ①excuse指原諒一個(gè)人的過(guò)失或疏忽。例如： She forgave him and married him. 她原諒了他，并與他結(jié)了婚。 We will not forgive the enemy their crimes. 我們不會(huì)饒恕敵人的罪行。 ②pardon一般表示寬恕較嚴(yán)重的過(guò)失，語(yǔ)氣較excuse強(qiáng)。 如果指法律上的赦免，則只用pardon，不用excuse或forgive。例如： The governor pardoned

26、the criminal. 州長(zhǎng)赦免了那個(gè)罪犯。 8. factory，mill，plant，works factory, mill, plant 和 works 這四個(gè)詞都是“工廠”的意思，但用法上有所不同。 (1)factory 屬一般用語(yǔ)，泛指任何制造物品的場(chǎng)所，不過(guò)它常指food, clothing, shoe, radio, glass, soap, auto等一類(lèi)的工廠。例如： There is a huge food/auto factory outside the town. 城外有一個(gè)大食品廠/汽車(chē)制造廠。 (2) mill 的原意是“磨坊”，多用于指

27、輕工業(yè)工廠，諸如 cotton, silk, textile, paper, flour, oil 等一類(lèi)的工廠。mill 也可以指鋼廠。例如： Her sister worked in a textile/flour mill for three years. 她姐姐在一間紡織廠/面粉廠工作過(guò)三年。 There is a steel-mill near the middle school. 學(xué)校附近有一家鋼鐵廠。 (3) plant 一般指電氣業(yè)或機(jī)械制造方面的工廠，常指 power, bicycle, machinery, aircraft, ship-building, tra

28、ctor, auto 等方面的工廠。例如： The villagers built a machine tools plant and an electric-power plant last year. 去年村民建造了一個(gè)機(jī)床廠和一個(gè)發(fā)電廠。 (4) works 多指鋼鐵等重工業(yè)方面的工廠，用作單數(shù)，常與 iron, steel, brick, salt, chemical, printing, gas, ice 等詞連用。例如： This year the output of the iron and steel works/ice works has increased by

29、30.57% as compared with that of last year. 今年這個(gè)鋼鐵廠/制冰廠的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了30.57%。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用factory, mill, plant 和 works 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Our company has three machinery _______ in China. 2. The steel _______ is closed for the holidays. 3. The farmers started the glass _______ in May, 2005. 4. Cotton cloth i

30、s made in a cotton _______. 1. My sisters work in a shoes _______. 2. The workers at the power _______ belong to the union. 3. The deep recession in the world steel was worsening, _______ were working below capacity. 答案： 1. plants 2. works 3. factory 4. mill 5. factory 6. plant 7. p

31、lant 8. mills 9. fairly，rather fairly 和 rather 這兩個(gè)副詞都可以用作程度副詞，作“相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄ⅰ笆值亍?、“頗……”解，但各自的含義和用法有差別。 (1)fairly 一般用來(lái)修飾表示褒義或含有“合意的”、“想要的”意義的形容詞，如 good, well, nice, pretty, diligent, bravely 等。fairly 不能與 too 連用，也不可以修飾含比較級(jí)的形容詞或副詞。例如： Miss Li speaks English fairly well. 李小姐的英語(yǔ)講得相當(dāng)好。 If you go to town

32、at night, the buses are fairly empty. 如果你晚上進(jìn)城，公共汽車(chē)相當(dāng)空。 (2) rather 則一般修飾表示貶義或含有“不合意的”、“不想要的”意義的形容詞或副詞，如 bad, lazy, stupid, late, tired, crowded 等。Rather 可以與 too 連用，也可以修飾含比較級(jí)的形容詞或副詞，表示“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”、“稍許”的意思。另外，若被修飾的形容詞后又接一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，rather 可以放在不定冠詞之前，也可以置于其后。例如： This book is rather too difficult for a child o

33、f eleven. 這部書(shū)對(duì)于一個(gè)11歲的小孩來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了一點(diǎn)。 His father is feeling rather better today. 他父親今天感覺(jué)得好一點(diǎn)。 This is a rather/rather an interesting story. 這是一本頗為有趣的故事。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 fairly 和 rather 的適當(dāng)形式填 1. The morning is now _____ bright and warm. 2. Thai’s _____ a silly question. 3. I have eaten _____ more than

34、 I intended. 4. “I think John is _____ lazy.” “Oh, I don’t agree. He is _____ diligent.” 5. This book is ______ too difficult for him and _____ too essay for us. 答案： 1. fairly 2. rather 3. rather 4. rather, fairly 5. rather, rather 10. fault，mistake，error fault, mistake 和 error 都

35、可以翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的“缺點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤”，但含義和用法有所不同。 (1)fault 一般多指性格上的弱點(diǎn)，行為上的過(guò)失，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)失的應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任。例如： It's your own fault that you failed in the examination. （重在責(zé)任）考試失敗是你犯的過(guò)錯(cuò)造成的。 With all your faults, you are still a good comrade. 你雖有缺點(diǎn)，但仍是一個(gè)好同志。 注意： find fault with sth. 意為“找岔，挑毛病”fault 前無(wú)冠詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)。如： They like to find fault

36、 with my work. 他們就喜歡從我的工作中找岔。 He did not find much fault with my work. 他并沒(méi)有從我的工作中找到多少錯(cuò)誤。（若改用 many faults 則含有“故意”找毛病之意。） (2) mistake 最通俗最常用。意為“錯(cuò)誤、誤會(huì)、誤解、弄錯(cuò)”，多指缺乏正確理解造成的行動(dòng)上、認(rèn)識(shí)上的錯(cuò)誤。如： Be careful, and make no mistake. 當(dāng)心，不要弄錯(cuò)了。 You can't arrest me! There must be some mistake! 你們不能抓我，一定是搞錯(cuò)了。 It was

37、 a mistake to leave my umbrella at home. 把傘忘在家里是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 (3) error 比較正式，可指品德上的錯(cuò)誤。常指按某一既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。如：印刷錯(cuò)誤、筆誤、計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤、技術(shù)錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。例如： There is printers’error. 有一些印刷錯(cuò)誤。（指不符合印刷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求） Please pardon any error that you may discover in my letter. 信中如有錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)?jiān)?。（指筆誤） You made an error in your culculations. 你出了個(gè)計(jì)算錯(cuò)

38、誤。 (4) mistake ?？膳c error 互換。例如： Your essay is full of mistakes. 你的文章凈是錯(cuò)。 He made a mistake (an error in grammar, conversation, spelling, pronunciation, calculation) (5) 應(yīng)注意習(xí)慣上的搭配，不要隨意互換。例如： ① “從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)”習(xí)慣說(shuō) learn by one's mistake. ② “弄錯(cuò)了”習(xí)慣說(shuō) do sth. by mistake 或 do sth. in error ③ “是我錯(cuò)了”習(xí)慣說(shuō)

39、 This is my fault. 或 I'm in the wrong 或I'm wrong. ④ “你猜錯(cuò)了”習(xí)慣說(shuō) You guessed wrong/wrongly. ⑤ “誤會(huì)、誤解”習(xí)慣說(shuō) get it wrong. 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用fault, mistake 和 error 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. It’s easy to find _______ with the suggestions of theirs. 2. It’s his own _______ that he failed in the college entrance examinatio

40、n. 3. There are a few grammatical _______ in the book. 4. No one is proof against _______. 5. In transcribing the characters from the bronze, he made a number of _______. 1. You are laboring under an ________. 2. You are in _______. 答案：1. fault 2. fault 3. mistakes/errors 4. mistakes 5

41、. errors 6. error 7. error 11. fear，frighten，terrify，horrify fear, frighten, terrify 和 horrify 都有“害怕”的意思，但是其含義不盡相同。 (1)fear 最普遍，而語(yǔ)氣最弱，它可表示對(duì)某事感到不安，也可表示“怕”受到某事的侵?jǐn)_。大多數(shù)情況下用作及物動(dòng)詞，可接名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞。例如： She has always feared mice. 她一向害怕老鼠。 Don't fear to tell the truth. 不要害怕說(shuō)出真實(shí)情況。 He looked ou

42、t of the window, seeing nothing to fear. 他從窗口往外看，一點(diǎn)也不膽怯。 Fear 還可以跟that從句，常有“恐怕”的意思。例如： She feared that she might not find him in his office. 她恐怕在辦公室里找不到他。 (2)frighten 常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使害怕”，常指沒(méi)有精神準(zhǔn)備，突然受到驚嚇而害怕，恐懼。還常用于be frightened 這一結(jié)構(gòu)，后面接of 短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式。如： These words frightened me. 這些話把我嚇了一跳。 She was f

43、rightened of dogs. 她害怕狗。 He left his gun outside so as not to frighten his wife. 為了不嚇著他的妻子他把槍放在外邊。 He was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building. 他害怕從高樓頂往下看。 (3)terrify常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使害怕”、“使驚恐”，這種恐懼指客觀環(huán)境造成的。例如： The thunderstorm terrified the children. 大雷雨把這孩子嚇壞了。 Li Li was terr

44、ified by his appearance. 他的出現(xiàn)使李利感到害怕。 (4)horrify常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使感到恐怖（震驚）”。例如： The news will horrify your mother. 這消息會(huì)使你母親感到震驚。 She was horrified at/by the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息她感到震驚。 自我測(cè)試 根據(jù)句意，用 fear, frighten, terrify 和 horrify 的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The fighters for communism _______ fear hardship or death. 2. _

45、______ by the thunder, the child started crying. 3. _______ he might be recognized, he decided to go out at night. 4. He was _______ of being killed in the battle. 5. That sort of thing _______ people. 6. The sight _______ them. 7. We were _______ to hear the news. 答案： 1. fear 2. Frightened 3. Fearing 4. terrified 5. terrifies 6. horrified 7. horrified