2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 板塊1 復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞 第2講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案 新人教版

《2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 板塊1 復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞 第2講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 板塊1 復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞 第2講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案 新人教版（17頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第2講　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 [全國(guó)卷考情分析] 題型 典題試做 命題解讀 語(yǔ) 法 填 空 1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area. 2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) Scientists have responded by noting(note) that hungry bea

2、rs may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying (say)she was short listed，we thought it was a joke. 4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) You don't have to run fast or for long to see (see) the be

3、nefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running. 1．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等)，以考查主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)居多； 2．考查固定搭配中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 短 文 改 錯(cuò) 1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.say→sa

4、ying 2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. manage→managing 3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sell→selling 4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents wo

5、uld not let me.watching→watch 1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用； 2．過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的錯(cuò)用； 3．不定式符號(hào)to的多余或缺失； 4．to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的誤判。 考點(diǎn)一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義 單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·福州八中質(zhì)檢) (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us. Realizing　[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所

6、處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，realize與主語(yǔ)we之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填Realizing。] 2．(2019·蚌埠二中模擬)Greatly (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. encouraged　[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，encourage與主語(yǔ)the team之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填encouraged。] 3．(2019·太原一模)Silk Road trades tr

7、aveled together in long caravans(旅行隊(duì)) of camels.This mode of travel provided protection from robbers who might attempt (rob) the valuable goods being transported. to rob　[考查不定式。attempt意為“試圖，企圖”，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填to rob。] 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 意義 不 定 式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作

8、同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前 現(xiàn)在分詞/ 動(dòng)名詞 一般式 doing being done 表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生 完成式 having done having been done 表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生 過(guò)去分詞 一般式 done 與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成 Many Chinese brands

9、，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中國(guó)品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹(shù)立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前，還有很多問(wèn)題需要解決。 考點(diǎn)二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·江西五校

10、第一次聯(lián)考)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. to develop　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to develop。] 2．(2019·山東煙臺(tái)期末)They put the food out in their backyards and

11、spend time in the nice weather， (watch) birds. watching　[句意：他們把食物放在后院，然后一邊觀鳥(niǎo)一邊享受明媚的天氣。主語(yǔ)They與watch為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且watch與spend同時(shí)發(fā)生，故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。] 3．(2019·江西宜春中學(xué)第一次診斷) (compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) has a reasonable price that ordinar

12、y people can afford. Compared　[句意：與西藥的高額費(fèi)用相比，傳統(tǒng)中藥的價(jià)格合理，普通人能夠承擔(dān)得起。compared with...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，意為“與……相比”。] Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 4．(2019·長(zhǎng)沙一模)The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysterious. worn→wearing　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞wear和主語(yǔ)The boy之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。] 5．(

13、2019·吉林吉大附中月考)Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Thought→Thinking　[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Thought that his solution might be wrong在句中作狀語(yǔ)，think與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故將Thought改為T(mén)hinking。] 1．不定式作狀語(yǔ) (1)作目的狀語(yǔ)，可用so a

14、s to/in order to替換，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；想要”。 In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time. 要計(jì)算功率的大小，可將功除以時(shí)間。 (2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only to do；enough to do(足夠做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find h

15、is plane high up in the sky. 湯姆乘出租車(chē)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。 (3)作原因狀語(yǔ)，常用在“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類(lèi)形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its origin

16、al condition. 令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。 [易錯(cuò)提醒]　語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中?？疾?“主語(yǔ)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 2．分詞作狀語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Ordered ov

17、er a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now.這些書(shū)是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船員一樣，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。 [易錯(cuò)提醒]　部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐著的)，hidden(躲著的)，lost/absorbed/b

18、uried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(厭煩的)，faced with(面對(duì)著)。 Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于專心繪畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。 3．獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) 有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything i

19、nto consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong. 從口音判斷，他是香港人。 To tell you the truth，I am a little tired. 說(shuō)實(shí)話，我有點(diǎn)累。 4．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立

20、主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：①名詞/代詞＋分詞；②名詞/代詞＋不定式；③with/without＋名詞/代詞＋分詞/不定式。 The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束后，我們就開(kāi)始放假了。 考點(diǎn)三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·福州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)At the age

21、of four，she fell into an icy river and was fortunately rescued by some local villagers (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China's Sichuan Province. living　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞villagers和動(dòng)詞live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。] 2．(2019·重慶第一次調(diào)研)Visitors also may take a walk in the rainforest (create)

22、 by the volcano thousands of years ago. created　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，forest后面的部分作定語(yǔ)修飾rainforest，且rainforest與動(dòng)詞create在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。] 3．(2019·河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟二模)One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news (cover) a wide range of subjects. covering　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。提示詞為動(dòng)詞，該句中已

23、經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(reports)，提示詞cover和其所修飾的名詞news之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)，在此相當(dāng)于which covers。] 4．(2019·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount (require) by doctors. required　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。]

24、Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 5．(2019·惠州第二次調(diào)研)Not long ago，I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang，which aroused a heating discussion. heating→heated　[考查形容詞。從句句意：那引起了一場(chǎng)激烈的討論。故heating改為heated。] 1．不定式作定語(yǔ) (1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 Suddenly a

25、 good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。 (2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the last，the only 等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。 (3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)名詞：ability，chance，idea，h

26、ope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。 (4)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的不定式使用主動(dòng)式；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式

27、使用被動(dòng)式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you是buy的執(zhí)行者) I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought？我要去北京。你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者) 2．分詞作定語(yǔ) (1)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being＋過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being＋過(guò)去分詞”；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。

28、(2)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。 To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019. 為了再討論一下水污染的問(wèn)題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2019年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，

29、有幾百萬(wàn)人觀看了開(kāi)幕式的電視直播。 [易錯(cuò)提醒]　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路 表示被動(dòng)、完成用過(guò)去分詞(done)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用to do；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be done。試比較： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies. ③The bridg

30、e being built now was designed by a local company. ④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. 考點(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)You could easily pay with your smartphone by (scan) the seller's QR code. scanning　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。] 2．(2019·淮

31、南二中模擬)I know he is good at (work) out the difficult questions. working　[be good at“擅長(zhǎng)”，at為介詞，故用v.-ing作賓語(yǔ)。] 3．(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider (win) and solving real problems as well. winning　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)。句意：在“我”看來(lái)，它們有助于我們變得鎮(zhèn)靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問(wèn)題。

32、動(dòng)詞consider“考慮”后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。] 4．(2019·山西長(zhǎng)治一聯(lián))I remembered (lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. to lock　[句意：離開(kāi)辦公室之前，我記著要鎖門(mén)了，但是忘了關(guān)燈?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。remember to do sth.記著要做某事，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知空格處為“to lock”。] Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 5．(2019·福建福州3月質(zhì)檢)In the beginning，I wasn't used to

33、talk to strangers. talk→talking　[句意：開(kāi)始時(shí)我不習(xí)慣和陌生人講話。be used to doing sth.為固定句型，意為“習(xí)慣做某事”。] 6．(2019·廣東七校聯(lián)考)I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holidays this year. visit→visiting　[考查動(dòng)名詞。of為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓

34、語(yǔ)。] 1．只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served. 她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務(wù)。 2．只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的

35、動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避開(kāi))，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個(gè)話題，以免冒犯他。 It's quit

36、e hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？ 3．接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同的動(dòng)詞： She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service. 她幾乎忘了給他的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。 —That would mean wasting a lot of labour. ——那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力。 —Really？I don't mean to waste any labour. ——是嗎？我并沒(méi)打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。 Was she w

37、orried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out? 她是擔(dān)憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件事情我的反應(yīng)還是擔(dān)憂我不再給她買(mǎi)食品雜貨呢？ [易錯(cuò)提醒]　(1)動(dòng)詞want，need，require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。 (2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，fin

38、d out 等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。 (3)介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式要省略to。 考點(diǎn)五 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·濟(jì)寧二模) Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them. understand　[句意：讓那些需要幫助的人們明白，我們會(huì)竭盡全力去幫助他們。賓語(yǔ)those與understand為

39、邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且let后加省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。] 2．(2019·龍口一模)When we saw the road (block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. blocked　[句意：當(dāng)我們看到馬路被大雪堵住時(shí)，我們決定在家度過(guò)假期。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為road，兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。] 3．(2019·黃岡一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after g

40、reat effort. developed　[句意：經(jīng)理看到經(jīng)過(guò)巨大努力許多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)后非常滿意。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。many new products與develop之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用過(guò)去分詞。] 4．(2019·安慶慧德中學(xué)月考)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycle's front tyre(輪胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle (repair)． repaired　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

41、。get sth. done使……被做，此處的bicycle和repair之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。] Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 5．(2019·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration. go前加to　[動(dòng)詞invite后應(yīng)用不定式作其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即invite sb. to do sth.。] 1．不定式作賓補(bǔ) 不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：advise，a

42、llow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。 (山東卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我們期望人們放棄開(kāi)車(chē)的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。 Having finished her

43、 project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. 完成項(xiàng)目之后，她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)去給新生講話。 (1)有些動(dòng)詞，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中國(guó)人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。 (2)在sb.be said/believed/known/r

44、eported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，而是他自己。 2．分詞作賓補(bǔ) (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，lis

45、ten to，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？ (2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。 Back from his two-year medical service

46、 in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。 (3)使役動(dòng)詞have，get后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的異同點(diǎn)：①have sth.done＝get sth.done讓別人做某事；②have sb./sth.doing讓……一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使……開(kāi)始做某事；③have sb.do sth.＝get sb.to do sth.讓某人做某事。 Before driving i

47、nto the city，you are required to get your car washed. 在開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車(chē)。 (4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為：①with＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing表示主動(dòng)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；②with＋賓語(yǔ)＋done表示被動(dòng)或完成；③with＋賓語(yǔ)＋to do表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。 With such a

48、 short time left before the deadline，it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的時(shí)間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do，she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開(kāi)辦公室。 考點(diǎn)六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·遼寧鐵嶺協(xié)作體一聯(lián))Above all，I have come to understand tha

49、t (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness. bringing　[句意：首先，我開(kāi)始明白了授人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在賓語(yǔ)從句中設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ)，且表示抽象概念，故用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。] 2．(2019·湖北七市聯(lián)考) (send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy. Sending　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，故填Sending

50、。] 3．(2019·河南八市重點(diǎn)高中第二次質(zhì)檢)I felt hopeless and alone，and more (depress) than I knew was possible. depressed　[句意：我感到絕望、孤獨(dú)及前所未有的沮喪。設(shè)空處作felt的表語(yǔ)，故填depressed。] 4．(2019·江西紅色七校一聯(lián))It is (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes. shocking　[句意：

51、令人震驚的是，一些投資銀行甚至根據(jù)他們是否穿棕色鞋子來(lái)判斷應(yīng)聘者。shocking令人震驚的；shocked感到震驚的。] Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 5．(2019·襄陽(yáng)模擬)We hope that all of us will devote our efforts to protect pandas and let them live in the wild again some day. protect→protecting　[devote...to...致力于……；to為介詞后跟v.-ing作賓語(yǔ)。] 6．(2019·銅陵一模)The story he told was v

52、ery interested. interested→interesting　[句意：他講的故事非常有趣。形容詞化了的分詞作表語(yǔ)表示“令人感興趣的”要用interesting。] 1．不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) (1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。 (浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better to remain silent. 不論你多么能說(shuō)會(huì)道，有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。 (2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，①表示預(yù)定

53、要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語(yǔ)；③主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語(yǔ)多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。 2．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

54、放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no use doing...等中。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的問(wèn)題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問(wèn)題最好的方法。 It's no use complaining without taking acti

55、on. 不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒(méi)用的。 (2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常?？梢曰Q位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week(＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)． 我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。 (3)remain作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“仍然是”時(shí)，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)；但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“尚待……；留待……”時(shí)，后常接to be done。 She remained standing though we repeat

56、edly asked her to sit down. 雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下，但她還是站著。 It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。 [易錯(cuò)提醒]　不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)，這是短文改錯(cuò)中常考的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。 【技法點(diǎn)撥】 在語(yǔ)法填空中： 1．若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要確定是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，-ed形式，還是不定式形式。 2．所

57、給動(dòng)詞在某及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞(由它前面的及物動(dòng)詞決定)，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞。如果所給動(dòng)詞有名詞形式的派生詞，當(dāng)其在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？疾檫@個(gè)動(dòng)詞所派生出的名詞。這時(shí)，要注意它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“令人……的”用動(dòng)詞-ing形式；表示“(感到)……的”用過(guò)去分詞。 [易錯(cuò)提醒]　在短文改錯(cuò)中： 1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后或者某一形容詞后如果是動(dòng)詞原形，就要注意兩詞之間是否該有不定式符號(hào)to。 2．介詞后(特別是介詞to)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞。to 有時(shí)候是不定式，不要誤判為介詞。 Ⅰ

58、.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))However，our discussions are more than just a way (practice) our debating skills. to practice　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，我們的討論不僅僅是練習(xí)我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處是不定式作定語(yǔ)。] 2．(2019·湖北七市聯(lián)考)In Mao Zedong's poem Ode to the Plum Blossom(《詠梅》)，the plum blossom was used (praise) great soldier

59、s who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people. to praise　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，所以填to praise。be used to do sth.“被用來(lái)做某事”。] 3．(2019·成都第二次診斷)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu，they'll probably ask if you've tried hot pot.Everyone (live) here seems to lo

60、ve it，and trying it should be a fixed part of everyone's culinary(烹飪的) tour of Sichuan. living　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。live和句子謂語(yǔ)seems之間沒(méi)有連詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且動(dòng)詞live和句子主語(yǔ)Everyone構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。] 4．(2019·廣州調(diào)研)After (settle) into a home—you，for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behin

61、d dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. settling　[考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：在宿主——比如你的體內(nèi)定居后——它們會(huì)偷走維生素和其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，留下死細(xì)胞和被稱為毒素的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動(dòng)名詞形式，故本空應(yīng)填settling。] 5．(2019·贛州十四縣市聯(lián)考)One day, about ten years ago, while (work) at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural Histor

62、y, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in the wheelchair. working　[考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。在含有while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可將從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略，構(gòu)成省略結(jié)構(gòu)。本句補(bǔ)充完整為：while I was working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History。故此處應(yīng)填working。] 6．(2019·南

63、昌一模)Hongcun， (fill) with lakes and beautiful Anhuistyle buildings，is 900 years old.It was built to look like a big ox.Huangshan Mountain is the head；the town is the body and the bridges are legs. filled　[考查固定短語(yǔ)。be filled with為固定短語(yǔ)，故填filled。句意：布滿了湖泊和美麗的徽式建筑的宏村，有九百年的歷史。它被建成看起來(lái)像一個(gè)大的牛。黃山是頭，鎮(zhèn)是身體，

64、橋是腿。] 7．(2019·安徽名校模擬)As the researchers expected，30% of the chefs (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult. surveyed　[考查過(guò)去分詞。chefs和動(dòng)詞survey之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示“被調(diào)查的廚師”，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。] 8．(2019·福建永春一中等四校聯(lián)考)During the Qin Dynasty，to keep the enemy o

65、ut of his empire，Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join) up. joined　[句意：在秦朝時(shí)期，為了抵御外敵，秦始皇把所有的墻都連了起來(lái)。使役動(dòng)詞had后的賓語(yǔ)all the walls與join up為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞joined作賓補(bǔ)。] Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2019·洛陽(yáng)第一次統(tǒng)考)They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing.I believe I will achieve my drea

66、m. read→reading　[考查固定搭配。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，故應(yīng)把read改為reading。] 2．(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Then someone said，“Why not trying the cave dwellings(住宅) here？”We thought he was joking，but here we are really in a cave dwelling and it's wonderful. trying→try　[考查固定搭配。此處為why not句式，why not后跟動(dòng)詞原形。] 3．(2019·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)Second，seeing a film，listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be exciting. hang→hanging　[考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：第二，看電影，聽(tīng)音樂(lè)或者和朋友們出去玩也會(huì)令人很興奮。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語(yǔ)will also be前面