高考英語二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義 閱讀理解 推斷題解題指導(dǎo)
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1、2021高考英語二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義: 閱讀理解推斷題解題指導(dǎo) 例1〔2021全國卷1〕 Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient. At one po
2、int along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the
3、 only human being for at least a mile in any direction. I started wondering why 1 refused to run the light I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman wound, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.. Much later that night, the question
4、 of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it's part of a contract(契約)we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it is an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights. Trust is our first inclination(傾向).D
5、oubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed w
6、ith the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them. I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. 65. The event made the author strongly believe that . A. traffic rules may be unnecessary B. doubting others is human nature C. patience is importan
7、t to drivers D. a society needs mutual trust [點(diǎn)撥] D 根據(jù)短文第5段,不難判斷作者相信一個社會需要互相信任。因此,正確答案為D選項。 66. Why was the author proud of himself? A He kept his promise. B. He held back his anger. C. He followed his inclination. D. He made a right decision. [點(diǎn)撥] D 根據(jù)短文容易判斷作者引以為豪的是
8、對未闖紅燈一事所做的決定。因此,正確答案為D選項。 例2〔2021陜西卷〕 What brings a nation together? Of the four choices—shared values, language, history, and religion, it's shared values. In our latest poll seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both
9、choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked. Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their
10、people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice. Respect your elders In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. Do you speak Canadian? Language scored lower in Canada than in al
11、l other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English. Church and state Most people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride. Religion ranked last in 13 countries—with Prance scoring it at 1 %, the lowest of all. 46 A
12、ccording to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together? A. Language. R Values. C History. D. Religion. [點(diǎn)撥] B 短文第1段提到“In our latest poll seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor bringing a nation together, and six preferred language.〞。由此不難判斷,B選項
13、符合題意。因此,正確答案為B選項。 48.According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in____ A. Australia B. Brazil C. China D. India [點(diǎn)撥] D 對照共同價值觀和語言這兩個圖表,會判斷發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個圖表的最下一欄是印度。由此可知,在印度,共同價值觀和語言被認(rèn)為同等重要,因此,正確答案為D選項。 [小試牛刀] children lies in _________. A. the amount of intel
14、ligence B. the different situations they face C. the different attitudes to life D. the background of life Exercise 4 A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment. The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he
15、 has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanag
16、ing his most valuable asset as well as others’. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows t
17、hat he can not get through huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to. Question : According to the passage, which is right? A. The punctual person has no much work to do. B. The unpunctual person is very rich. C. The unpunctual person is
18、often respected by his friends. D. The unpunctual person loses what can’t be regained again. Exercise 5 Sandstorms can disturb people's travel and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today, t
19、he destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland call lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms. Question : From the paragraph , we can learn that at present __________. A. sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth B. human activities are
20、a major cause of sandstorms C. farming brings more harm than benefits to humans D. sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources II. 篇章練習(xí) If you are a junior or a senior at college , you may be frequently asked, "What would you like to do in the future?" Whenever people ask me this qu
21、estion, my answer is always the same, "To be a teacher." Why I think this , the following maybe help you understand my idea . ??? When I entered the school at the age of 7, teaching has been my favorite profession all the time. My dream of being a teacher was rooted in my childhood. The good nat
22、ured, patient and strict teachers in primary school made a strong impression on me. As I grow up, I know more about my desired profession. Teachers are the engineers of human soul. That is to say, they play roles in the forming and shaping of students’ intellectual and psychological make-up. Teacher
23、s are lifelong learners while instructing students. Nowadays governments at all levels put more stress on the roles of education in information society, versatile teachers are urgently needed. To be a qualified teacher in the new century, I must prepare right now. Rosy dream and firm will can not b
24、e automatically translated into teaching methods and job skills. In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite job teaching. 1. 直接推斷題。 直接推斷題目是目前閱讀考試堅持深層理解的主要題型。要求學(xué)生理解文章的表層意義,緊扣文章的具體事實,綜合利用文章提供的信息,做出符合邏輯的推理。題中常含有:imply, suggest, conclude等。 2. 依據(jù)文章的論述推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度以及寫作手法的題目。 雖不含infer, imply等
25、推斷詞,但也需要考生推斷和識別,因此可以稱為含蓄推斷題。作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度有主觀和客觀兩種。主觀態(tài)度一般只能從字里行間推斷出來。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞,在客觀描述中,作者的態(tài)度往往I. 1. C。推理判斷題。從had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next可知答案C正確。 2. C。推理判斷題。參見第二段,本段旨在說明鉛中毒的嚴(yán)重性,同時把鉛中毒甚至導(dǎo)致了羅馬帝國的垮臺為例.是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其嚴(yán)重性,從而引起讀者注意。 3. C。
26、推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句可知,聰明的孩子想真正了解生活,他努力接觸身邊的一切事物;而不聰明的孩子那么脫離生活,讓自己的生活限制在一個封閉和自我夢境的世界里。他們對待生活的態(tài)度是截然不同的,由此可推知C項正確。 4. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段第 3 句 A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained time is more valuable than material things 可知,答案選 D。 5. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中提到的森林砍伐、過度農(nóng)耕和對水資源的過度使用,這些人
27、類的行為是引起沙塵暴的主要原因,因此正確答案為B。 II. 1. C。推理判斷題。A. teaching has been the author’s favorite profession all the time和D. versatile teachers are urgently needed正確,但卻是文章中明確說的,不是從文章中推斷出來的;答案B從文中最后一段 Nowadays governments at all levels put more stress on the roles of education in information society可知是正確的。答案C是從文中
28、最后一段最后一句“In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite job teaching.〞可知C是正確選項。 2. C。推理判斷題。通過第二段第一和第二兩句話可知A是正確的;通過最后一段第一句話可知B和D 是正確的; 通過最后一段“Rosy dream and firm will can not be automatically translated into teaching methods and job skills. In short, I will make efforts to do well my favorite
29、 job teaching.〞可知是不容易的。應(yīng)選C。 [單詞百寶箱] peel v. 剝落 Too much heat will make the bark wrinkle and peel.過熱會使樹皮起皺并剝落。 register vi. & vt.?記錄; 登記; 注冊 In former times, only property owners could be registered as voters.從前,只有有財產(chǎn)的人才能登記作選民。 swing vt. & vi. ?(使)搖擺; (使)旋轉(zhuǎn) The monkey was swinging in the tree.
30、猴子在樹上蕩來蕩去。 recall vt.?召回 The makers have recalled a lot of cars that were unsafe.制造商們已收回了大批不符合平安規(guī)格的汽車。 exposure n. 暴露,顯露 I threatened them with public exposure.我揚(yáng)言要公開揭發(fā)他們。 hazard ?危險; 公害 Are you aware of the hazards of mountaineering?你知道登山運(yùn)動的危險嗎? crumble vt. & vi.?1.把…)弄碎,(使)碎成細(xì)屑 He crumbled
31、 the bread in his fingers.他用手指把面包捻碎。 seasonal adj. 季節(jié)的, 季節(jié)性的, 周期性的 People found casual or seasonal work on farms。人們在農(nóng)場上找到臨時的或季節(jié)性的工作 punctual adj. 守時的,準(zhǔn)時的 I have to go now because I must be punctual for class.我現(xiàn)在不得不走了,因為我得準(zhǔn)時去上課。 mismanage vt. 處置失當(dāng), 辦錯 I admitted that I had mismanaged that matte
32、r . 我成認(rèn)我對于那件事情的處理失當(dāng)了。 asset n. 有價值的人〔物〕,優(yōu)點(diǎn),長處 Her only asset was a gentle nature.她唯一的可貴之處是溫文爾雅的性情。 promptly adv. 敏捷地, 迅速地 He promptly forgot all about it. 他馬上把這事兒忘得一干二凈。 psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的;關(guān)于心理學(xué)的 At the university he made psychological research.他在大學(xué)里進(jìn)行過心理學(xué)研究。 versatile adj. ?有多種學(xué)問、技能或職業(yè)的
33、;多才多藝的? A versatile person is one who is good at a number of different things.多才多藝的人通常擅長許多種不同的事情。 automatically adv. 自動地, 機(jī)械地 Some doors have locks which automatically lock the doors when we close them. 有些門上的鎖在關(guān)門時會自動把門鎖好。 formed by 60-thousand transparent sticks that sway in the wind and conta
34、in fiber-optic filaments(光纖絲). Here at the Joint Pavilion we can visit exhibitions of 42 African countries all in one place. The facility aims to represent the cultural diversity, solidarity, and the bright future of the African countries. There is still so much more for you to discover
35、at the Shanghai World Expo. You’ll find it worthwhile to make your plans to come, and then you can decide what pavilions you want to see next. 1. What can be a best title for the passage? A. The most popular travel site. B. World tour at the Shanghai Expo. C. Which pavilion is most att
36、ractive? D. A general guide to Shanghai Expo. 2. In the ________pavilion you will have the feeling of unusual. A. Germany's B. UK's C. Japan's D. Mexico's 3. What do the pavilions of Mexico and Australia-have in common? A. They both reflect harmony between humans an
37、d technology. B. They are both built in large area and painted colorful. C. Their building materials are eco-friendly. D. Their pavilions are of the same building material . 4. In the African Pavilion, you will know little about their A. cultural diversity B. future lif
38、e C. national solidarity D. social security 5. The writer writes the passage in order to ________. A. introduce different foreign architectures to us B. tell apart which is the best pavilion by comparison C. attract more people to Shanghai World Expo D. give a brief description about some countries in the world .
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