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1、題型二　推理判斷題 語篇出處：2019年全國卷Ⅱ·B篇　語篇類型：記敘文　主題語境：志愿服務(wù) “You can use me as a last resort (選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (長曲棍球) club. I guess that there's probably some demand

2、ing work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on .

3、.. At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.” I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Som

4、ewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid scor

5、e a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社區(qū)) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a

6、real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies？ 1.What can we infer about the parent

7、from her reply in Paragraph 1？ A.She knows little about the club. B.She isn't good at sports. C.She just doesn't want to volunteer. D.She's unable to meet her schedule. 2.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A.Encourage teamwork. B．Appeal to feelings

8、. C.Promote good deeds. D．Provide advice. 3.What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph 3？ A.She gets interested in lacrosse. B.She is proud of her kids. C.She'll work for another season. D.She becomes a good helper. 4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work？ A.It gives her a s

9、ense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. 題1：題干中關(guān)鍵詞是“her reply in Paragraph 1”，由文章第一句“You can use me as a last resort (選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”可知，家長讓把她當作最后的選擇，如果沒有其他人當志愿者，那么她就去。由此可推斷出這位家長不想去當志愿

10、者。選C。 題2：第一段提到一個家長不愿意去當志愿者。由畫線處所在句的上一句“She may just need a little persuading.”可知這位家長需要被勸說。下文作者提到有四個孩子的單親媽媽主持了這個節(jié)目，一位孩子不在此隊的父親擔任長曲棍球隊的教練……由此可知，作者是為了以情動人。選B。 題3：題干中關(guān)鍵詞是“about the parent from Paragraph 3”，由第三段中的“Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the

11、 team.”這一細節(jié)可知，這位家長成了一個好幫手。選D。 題4：題干中關(guān)鍵詞為“Why does the author like doing volunteer work？”。文章中提到“Volunteering just feels so good.”，與B項中信息相匹配。選B。 考法1　推斷細節(jié)類—— “揣摩推敲”法 典例片段　(2019·湖南師大附中?？?When early automobiles first arrived on the scene in the late 19th century, few people could have imagined t

12、hat they would one day take over the world. In fact, some towns of the United States found the noise and exhaust from these novel “horseless carriages” so disgusting that early cars were actually forbidden there. ... So what is life like in place where one of the most powerful inventions in hist

13、ory has been banned? Well, it's quite nice, actually. ... They also save a huge amount of money that would normally go to commuting (往來) by cars. What can we infer from the text？ A.Early cars were first shown on the stage. B.Cars' popularity was expected at first. C.Cars were described in a nove

14、l as disgusting. D.Early cars were known as carriages without horses. 第一步　題干定位： 題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是infer，是推斷細節(jié)題。 第二步　鎖定信息： 首段信息“early automobiles first arrived”“novel ‘horseless carriages’”和“early cars”。 第三步　分析對比： 最早的汽車被看作沒有馬的四輪車。與選項D中信息匹配，故選D。 考法2　推斷觀點態(tài)度類——“褒貶措辭”法 典例片段 (2019·青島?？?During Amst

15、erdam's chaotic rush hour, nine-year-old Lotta Crok cycles to a very busy junction. ... Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world. ... But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges, ... Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a contest ... Since Lotta was

16、 appointed junior cycle mayor, .... She is now planning a meeting with the city's mayor to discuss ideas .... Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now planning to appoint junior colleagues. “They see it works really well，” Boerma, the senior major, says

17、. “I talk to the parents, Lotta talks to the children. And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others. A city that's good for an eight-year-old is also good for an 88-year-old.” What's Boerma's attitude to the junior cycle mayor？ A.Cautious.

18、 B．Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D．Disapproving. 第一步　題干定位： 題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是Boerma，可以定位到最后一段引號里的內(nèi)容。 第二步　鎖定信息： 文中信息是“works really well”和“A city ... is also good ... ”。顯然是贊同的。 第三步　對比選項： Cautious “謹慎的”；Favorable “贊成的”； Ambiguous “模糊的”；Disapproving “不贊成的”。故選B。 考法3　推斷寫作意圖類——“意圖推斷”法 典例片段　(2019·上海嘉定模考

19、)This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table ... This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also e

20、stablished Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany ... He was called “Germany's conscience”， because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933—1945) that many would have rather forgotten. This sometimes made him unpopular ... Grass was a man of the pen and the page and

21、 also a man with a gift for speaking to the public. His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation. What is the author's purpose in writing the article？ A.To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so pop

22、ular in Germany. B.To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work. C.To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass. D.To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer. 第一步　主旨大意： 開篇提到一個敲鼓的小男孩Günter Grass。 第二步　鎖定信息： 第二段提到Gün

23、ter Grass的成名作和作品風格；第三段提到他并不受人歡迎；最后一段總結(jié)他的寫作手法就像敲鼓發(fā)出的聲音一樣。 第三步　分析對比： 該文章屬于人物傳記類，描述的是Günter Grass和他的作品。與選項B中信息一致，故選B。 考法4　文章出處題——“對號入座”法 典例片段 (2018·全國卷Ⅱ，B篇)Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from B

24、ritish Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白質(zhì)), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly

25、 high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (櫻桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. ... From which is the text probably taken？

26、 A.A biology textbook. B.A health magazine. C.A research paper. D.A travel brochure. 第一步　首段描述： 這些來自不列顛哥倫比亞省土地上的色彩鮮艷的甜甜的寶貝就是營養(yǎng)保護的小集團。 第二步　鎖定信息： 關(guān)鍵詞：草莓、藍莓、櫻桃，維生素、蛋白質(zhì)、抗氧化物質(zhì)。 第三步　分析推斷： 應(yīng)該是來自于健康和營養(yǎng)相關(guān)的書，即健康雜志，故選B。 (2019·鄭州一中?？?語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：自然災(zāi)害 There is always something that happens

27、 in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country: natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells the people when it's going to hit. It is always estimated but the result is

28、 never 100% accurate. However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One was a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice, Italy. How

29、ever, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies. As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since Super-storm Sandy and it'll cost at least $30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died.

30、However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened. In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was o

31、ver the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and ove

32、r one hundred missing. I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously. We are one world united and should be there for all of the peop

33、le who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters but, we can surely lend a hand out for the needy. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要講了兩個不同的地方發(fā)生的不同自然災(zāi)害，但是對其報道卻是不同的。作者認為自然災(zāi)害無大小，應(yīng)該讓人們及時知曉，這樣人們就可以向受害者伸出援助之手。 1.What really concerns the author about the two natural disasters？ A.The death a

34、nd the injured. B.The media report. C.The government's responsibility. D.Their economic loss. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies”可知，對于這兩個自然災(zāi)害，作者關(guān)注的是媒體的報道。 2.Why did the author learn about the flood so late？ A.He didn't care about the fl

35、ood. B.He felt nervous about the news. C.The media didn't cover it in time. D.The flood frightened the author a lot. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.”可知，作者很晚才知道洪水的事情是因為媒體報道得晚。 3.What can be inferred from the passage？ A.Italy isn't good at

36、 predicting the natural disasters. B.All natural disasters should be covered equally. C.The world should be united into one instantly. D.America should help Italy predict natural disasters. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Lou

37、isiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously.”可知，所有的自然災(zāi)害都需要被平等地報道。 4.How is the text mainly developed？ A.By making a comparison. B.By following the time order. C.By listing some examples. D.By analyzing the causes.

38、 答案：A　推理判斷題。本文通過講述了兩個地方發(fā)生的不同自然災(zāi)害來比對說明對自然災(zāi)害的報道有所偏差。 　 disaster n. 災(zāi)難　tragedy n. 悲劇　accurately adv. 精確地 　 最后一段第二句：However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously. 譯文：然而，我相信如果自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的話，它們都應(yīng)該被平等地報道并且受到同等關(guān)注。 分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語

39、從句，作動詞believe的賓語。賓語從句中含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 專題強化訓(xùn)練(二) (1) The robots are coming！ All the efforts you put into studying at university may not have been enough—because robots could be coming for your job. A new study finds that as many as 800 million workers could be replaced by robots by 2030. The st

40、udy from the McKinsey Global Institute estimates that “between 400 million and 800 million individuals could be replaced by automation (自動化) or robots and need to find new jobs by 2030 around the world”. It estimates that 30 percent of the hours people spend on working globally could have been autom

41、ated by that time. Those most affected will be people who work in “predictable environments” doing tasks such as operating machines and preparing fast food. Those who make a living collecting and processing data also face a high risk of being replaced by robots. But people who work in less predicta

42、ble environments such as gardeners, plumbers, and childcare staff face a smaller risk, because their roles “are technically difficult to be automated and often command relatively lower wages, which makes automation a less attractive business proposition”. However, it's not all doom (厄運) for the fut

43、ure of employment. The study notes that automation sometimes allows workers to remain employed in a different position. “Even when some tasks are automated, the employment rate in those occupations may not decline because workers may perform new tasks，” McKinsey & Company wrote in a release on it

44、s website. It noted that China has the largest number of employees who would need to switch occupations, up to 100 million if automation was adopted rapidly, or 12 percent of the 2030 workforce. The numbers are higher in more advanced economies, with up to one-third of the 2030 workforce in America

45、 and Germany needing to switch occupations, along with nearly half of the 2030 workforce in Japan. Countries which fail to prepare workers for transition to new jobs will feel the impact of a rise in unemployment and depressed wages, according to the study. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究報告預(yù)計，到2030年全球?qū)⒂懈哌_8億人的工作被機

46、器人和自動化操作取代。 1.Why will lots of people need to find new jobs by 2030 around the world？ A.They don't put efforts into their study at university. B.The world's working population is on the steady increase. C.They will be paid less with the development of technology. D.Robots or automation will t

47、ake the place of their positions. 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。由第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容可知，很多工人需要重新找工作是因為預(yù)計到2030年他們將被機器人或自動化操作所取代。 2.Which of the following jobs will be the least likely to be replaced by robots？ A.Machine operation. B．Fast food cooking. C.Childcare in kindergarten. D．Data collection. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。由第三段的第三

48、句并結(jié)合選項可知，幼兒園的兒童保育工作人員被機器人取代的可能性最小。 3.What is the writer's attitude towards the future employment？ A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic. C.Unconcerned and indifferent. D.Having no personal preference. 答案：D　推理判斷題。文章前兩段提到研究預(yù)測大量的工人會被機器人或自動化設(shè)備取代；第四段的首句提到對未來的就業(yè)來說，這并不一定是厄運；接下來又提到人們可以從事其他工作。從而可以看出作者對未來的就業(yè)形勢態(tài)度客

49、觀，沒有個人偏好。 4.Which section does the article belong to？ A.Education. B．Technology. C.Lifestyle. D．Business. 答案：B　推理判斷題。本文主要論述了麥肯錫全球研究院近期發(fā)布的研究報告，預(yù)計到2030年全球多達8億工人將會被機器人或自動化操作取代。由常識可知機器人和自動化設(shè)備的核心技術(shù)——人工智能屬于技術(shù)范疇，所以本文應(yīng)屬于科技類范疇。 　 predictable adj. 可預(yù)見的；可預(yù)料的　occupation n. 職業(yè)；占有；消遣　adopt vt. 采用，采納；收養(yǎng)

50、 　 最后一段第一句：It noted that China has the largest number of employees who would need to switch occupations, up to 100 million if automation was adopted rapidly, or 12 percent of the 2030 workforce. 譯文：它指出，中國需要轉(zhuǎn)換職業(yè)的員工數(shù)量最多，如果迅速采用自動化，該數(shù)量將達到1億，或者占2030年勞動力總數(shù)的12%。 分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動詞note的賓語。在賓語從句中

51、，who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞employees; if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 (2) The doll on my desk was important for me. Seeing it, I couldn't help thinking of Doris. Doris was a science teacher by profession, but she was also a very creative person. All around her room were dolls that she had made. From what I gathered from talki

52、ng to Doris, she'd taken a class in doll making. One day while I was in her room she took one of the dolls out of the case to show me, saying this was the first doll she had ever made. This doll was very unusual with fine artistic work. The ceramic (陶瓷的) skirt was made of delicate ruffles (褶裥飾邊). I

53、was amazed that anyone could do such unique work. As Doris was holding the doll very carefully she turned the doll in such a way that I could see a slight break in one of the ruffles on the skirt. Then she said, “Would you like me to tell you about this？” Of course, I was curious to know what happe

54、ned. Doris said that on the way to class she bumped the side of the skirt. She said she was upset and almost didn't go to class at all. When it was her turn to show the doll to the teacher, she had to point out the break in the skirt. Doris felt for sure that the doll would be rejected (拒絕) because

55、 of it. Much to her surprise, the teacher told her she was just going to ignore this break and grade the doll on the other good qualities it had. Doris said the attitude from the teacher changed her life. If that teacher hadn't forgiven that small mistake, she would never have made the rest of the

56、dolls. This teacher could have made Doris feel ashamed by her mistake. But because of her willingness to ignore the mistake, Doris was sharing her kindness to the next generation. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者看到桌子上的陶瓷娃娃想到了Doris，以及她和自己分享的一個溫暖的故事。 1.Why was the doll on the desk was important for the author？ A.

57、It filled the author with kindness. B.It reminded the author of Doris. C.It conveyed what happened to Doris. D.It was made by the author and his teacher. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“Seeing it, I couldn't help thinking of Doris.”可知，作者看見這個娃娃就想到了Doris。 2.How did the author know what happened to the special

58、 doll Doris took out？ A.By communicating with Doris. B.By examining the artistic work. C.By reading the sign on the doll. D.By taking a class in doll making. 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句中的“From what I gathered from talking to Doris”可知，作者與Doris交談中得知該玩偶的獨特之處。 3.What do we know about Doris？ A.She was kind

59、. B．She was curious. C.She was honest. D．She was clumsy. 答案：C　推理判斷題。由第四段中的“When it was her turn to show the doll to the teacher, she had to point out the break in the skirt.”可知，當輪到她把玩偶展示給老師看的時候，她指出了裙子上的破損之處。她沒有絲毫掩飾，說明她很誠實。 4.What can we learn from this passage？ A.Ignore others' shame. B.Sha

60、re your kindness to others. C.Focus more on your own mistakes. D.Hold positive attitude to others' mistakes. 答案：D　推理判斷題。由第四段中的“grade the doll on the other good qualities it had”和第五段第一句“Doris said the attitude from the teacher changed her life.”可知，老師的態(tài)度改變了他的人生。由此說明我們對待別人的錯誤要寬容，即持有積極的態(tài)度。 　 delica

61、te adj. 精致的；微妙的；熟練的；纖弱的；易損的 unique adj. 獨特的；唯一的，獨一無二的　bump v. 碰，撞；顛簸而行 　 第五段第二句：If that teacher hadn't forgiven that small mistake, she would never have made the rest of the dolls. 譯文：如果老師沒有包容那次小小的過失，她將永遠不會制作其他的瓷器玩偶。 分析：這是一個虛擬條件句，表示與過去事實相反，從句中的謂語動詞用的是過去完成時態(tài)，主句中的謂語動詞用的是would have done。 (3) The

62、 Unbelievable Survival from Bear Attacks This past October, I took an early morning hike in the Madison Valley in southwest Montana. Knowing that bears are common throughout the area and not wanting to surprise one, I shouted out, “Hey, bear！” every 30 seconds. About three miles in, I stepped out

63、into a meadow and shouted again. A few more steps and I spotted a brown bear with her babies on the trail at the upper end of the meadow. The sow saw me right away, and they all ran up the trail. But then she stopped, turned, and charged straight to me. I yelled so she would know I was human and hop

64、efully turn back. No such luck. I gave her a full charge of bear spray at about 25 feet. Her momentum (沖力) carried her right through the orange cloud and onto me. I dived face—first into the dirt and wrapped my arms around the back of my neck for protection. She was on top of me, biting my arms, sh

65、oulders, and backpack. The force of each bite was like a hammer with teeth. Over and over she bit me. After what felt like hours but was merely minutes, she disappeared, apparently satisfied that I caused no further threat. I tried to pick myself up, but my eyes were full of blood and I couldn't s

66、ee. I knew that if she came back again, I'd be dead, so I wiped the blood from one eye and looked around. No bear. I stood up and moved quickly down the trail again. Forty-five minutes later, I got into my truck and drove 17 miles to the hospital. It took doctors eight hours to treat the wounds on my arms and shoulder. A five-inch cut along the side of my head will leave a terrible scar. If you ever find yourself in this situation, know how to protect yourself from a brown bear. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。