2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞

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1、2020;2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞 一、名詞 1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問題： 名詞的數(shù)：單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)； 名詞的格：通格和屬格 （’s ） 名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或 其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等 2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞： 1）復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動詞 The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair. 備用詞： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks NO

2、TICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot. 2）復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動詞 A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying. 備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks 3) 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The police have surrounded

3、 the building. Cattle are selling for record price (創(chuàng)記錄）. 備用詞： the enemy, (the) people NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞?？勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用， 但若把這個集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù): My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me. The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be. 4)不

4、可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況 A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況 a (an) + adj. + n. It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲） a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics. 備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education B.口語特例（特定場合） A (One) beer, please. Two teas and four coffees, please. 5)既是可數(shù)又是不可

5、數(shù)的名詞 I broke a glass this morning. (杯子） Glass is made from sand. （玻璃） 備用詞： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(燈); ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞) 6) 單位詞 A.個數(shù) a piece of information (furniture, advice…) B. 以形狀表示個數(shù) a grain of rice, a flight of stairs C. 容量 a box of

6、 matches, a cup of tea D. 計量 a metre of cloth, a ton of coal E.其它 a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules) 3、名詞的格： 1）’ s 的用法 A . 與時間有關(guān)的名詞 a night’s sleep ten minutes’ walk NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours’walk B. 和else 連用 book can this be? A. Who else’s

7、 B. Whose else C. Who’s else D. Whose else’s (A) C. ‘s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略 This is Jack’s book, not Tom’s. This book is Jack’s not Tom’s. D. 表示店、鋪、家、診所等， ‘s 后面的名詞省略 at the Green’s (house), at the doctor’s (office) 2) OF 結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系 A. 無生命的名詞用of the price of the success B. 有

8、生命的名詞被一個短語或從句修飾而表示所有關(guān)系時用of Can’t you look at the book of the boy behind you? 3)雙重所有格 ‘s 與of結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時of結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that等 Miss Smith is a friend of Mary’s mother’s. that brother of the girl 4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞） A. 單數(shù)名詞＋名詞　　a shoe (flower) shop ticket office NOTICE: the t

9、ailor’s (shop) B. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞　＋　名詞 　　　　 sports meet clothes shop women pilots 二、數(shù)詞 1、數(shù)詞在使用時應(yīng)注意的問題： l 易錯數(shù)詞： l 　年月日及介詞 l 　計算用詞 l 　和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞 2、綜合 　 1) 數(shù)字表達(dá)：　　　123,856,709 one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine 2) 年月日

10、 in the morning; on the morning of September 1; in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September) 3、計算 ＋ 　 Six and five is (are) eleven. Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty. －　 Four from seven is (leaves) three. Six hundred minus one hun

11、dred equals five hundred. X 16 x 11 = 176 Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six. ÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3 Nine divided by three equals three. 4、dozen, score A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs B. three score years; a (three) score of peopl

12、e; scores of times 5、小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語作主語時的主謂一致問題． 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)引導(dǎo)的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞來確定．如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式． More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses. 70 percent od the fund(資金) was supplied by the Government. 6、“一個半．．．”的表達(dá)法．　　 one pound and a half ,on

13、e and a half years 三、冠詞 １、冠詞應(yīng)注意的問題 l 　習(xí)慣用法 l 　同一名詞前不同名詞的比較 ２、不定冠詞 1) 成對的名詞（此類名詞間常有一種自然的聯(lián)系） a knife and fork 2) a most + n. “非?！? This is a most beautiful country. 3) a (an) 與 one 之區(qū)別 A. 數(shù)字對比用one It was one coffee we ordered, not two. B. 對比　 A knife is no good.　

14、 (刀子不行） 　　　　　　 One knife is no good.　 (一把刀子不行） 　 　C. 通用　a (one) million, a (one) quarter 4) a (an) 與every 之比較: three times a year; twice every three years 5) 慣用法　 A. What a surprise ! What a lovely dress ! quite a nice day rather a good idea such a funny ex

15、pression B. too cold a day How lovely a dress! so strange a person as good a map as 3、定冠詞 1）普通名詞組成的專有名詞 the Great Wall the Summer Palace 2）江河、海洋、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣 the Pacific (Ocean) 3）the + adj. (-ing; -ed) A. 指一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) The old are being taken good care of

16、. B. 指一類事，謂語用單數(shù) The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 4）用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然現(xiàn)象（rain）、身體 部位前 He hates the telephone. 5）被定語從句、介詞短語、副詞短語、不定式短語等修飾的名詞前 The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there, dressed in blue ) is a student. 4、零冠詞 1）

17、街道、廣場、節(jié)假日、季節(jié)、月份、星期、棋類、球類等 National Day Nanjing Road 2）職位充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語、同位語時 He was elected headmaster of the school. 3）成對出現(xiàn)的成語 arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牽手), face to face, side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old, from door to door, from morning til

18、l night, from beginning to end 5、冠詞比較 1) go to school (hospital, church); in prison (強(qiáng)調(diào)用途） go to the school, visit the prison (強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑物本身） 2) I’ll go there next Friday. (以說話時間為準(zhǔn)） In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所給時間為準(zhǔn)） 3) by air (plane, boat…) in a space

19、ship ( on the bike, on the bus) 4) Open the window to let in fresh air. (泛指) The air in the room is not fresh. (特指) 5) be at table be at the table 6) a cup of coffee Two coffees, please. I like white coffee. This is a very good coffee. The coffee

20、on the table is Tom’s. 7) Mr. White is waiting to see you. A Mr. White is waiting to see you. The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you. 8) A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 9) the best season of the year th

21、e best time of year EXERCISES 1 （單選） 1. ---I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please. ---Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 2. If by any chance someone comes to

22、 see me, ask them to have a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 3. He dropped the and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 4. There are only twelve in the hospital. A. woman doc

23、tors B. women doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor 5. ---How many does a cow have? ---Four. A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D.stomachines 6. The of the building are covered with lots of . (AADBCA) A. roofs, leaves B.rooves, le

24、afs C. roof, leaf D.roofs, leafs 7.That was a fifty engine. A. horse power B. horses power C. horse powers D. horses powers 8. ---How far away is it from here to your school? ---It’s about . A. half an hour’s drive B. half

25、 hours drives C. half an hour drives D. half an hour drive 9. Last week I called at my . A. aunt B. aunts C. aunt’s D. aunts’s 10. You’ll find this map of great in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. usefulness

26、D. value 11. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. A.不填 B. a C. the D.one 12. ---Where’s Jack ? ---I think he’s still in bed but he might just be in bathroom. A.不填， 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填， the

27、 (AACDCD) 13. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D.不填， the 14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a,

28、 不填 D. a, the 15. ---Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 16. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirtee

29、nth centry. A. the, 不填 B. 不填, the C. the, the D. 不填, 不填 17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used. A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D.不填, 不填 18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny. A. 不填, a

30、 B. the, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the (CCCBBD) 19． A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷） ( D) A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 20． He proved himself a true gentleman and the beaut

31、y of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. （05上海卷） (D) A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character 21． I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction. （05浙江卷）(D) A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense 22． Bi

32、ll was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______. （05天津卷） (C) A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 23．My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. （05安徽卷） (A) A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 24．The head of

33、fice of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ____ all over the country. （05遼寧卷） (B) A．companies B．branches C．organizations D．businesses 25． It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______ journey.（05北京春）（C） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours 26．Student

34、s should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource. （08山東） A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a D the internet 表示一類事物，a resource表示是資源的一種。 EXERCISES 2 (改錯，每句一個錯） 1. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already pre- pared themselves for the entrance

35、exam. ( year’s) 2. More and more middle-aged people in the West have heart’s trouble, which results from high-fat food they like to eat. (heart) 3. You can get your library card in the teacher reading-room, which is on the second floor. (teachers’) 4. His hairs

36、 looked disordered, with some gray hair on his forehead. (hairs---------第二個) 5.Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to. My favorite fruits are apples, bananas and grapes. (fruit------第一個) 6. The lady entered a room, opened windows to let the fresh air in, and sat down in an a

37、rmchair to have a rest. ( the windows) 7.Miss Nora is young, nice, kind and active. She is the teacher young students like. ( a teacher) 8.They elected him the captain of the school football team for a second time. (captain , 去掉the ) 9.He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of playing piano. ( the piano) 10. No human being can change the law of the nature, though they can change their own lives. (nature, 去掉the)