2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 基本句型

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1、2020;2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 基本句型 英語的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)： ★ 主語 + 不及物動詞 (SV) ★ 主語 + 連系動詞 (SVC) ★ 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (SVO) ★ 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(SVOD) ★ 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(SVOC) S + V He works. He is studying. ① 主語?。≈^語(vi.) ＋ 狀語(從句) The sun sets in the west. He went no

2、where ② 主語?。≈^語(vi.) ＋ 名詞短語 We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years. 2. S + V + C He is a student / in yellow / there… ① 主語 + be + 表語　　表語由下列詞充當：名詞、形容詞、副詞、 　　 介詞（短語）、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）、動名詞、從句等 ② 主語 + 其它連系動詞 + 表語　　　這些連系動詞包括：appear, continue, feel, go(變成), keep, lie(處于…狀態(tài)), look,

3、prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn Bob lay sick. His dream comes true. 3. S + V + O An idea struck me. ① 主語?。≈^語(v. + prep)　＋　賓語 It depends on the weather. 備用詞：act as, agree on / with / to, arrive in (at), come across, base on, bre

4、ak into, suffer from, lead to, prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about ② 主語?。≈^語(v. + adv.)?。≠e語 I thought over the plan. I thought it over. 備用詞：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in NOTICE: ● v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to

5、, do away with, break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with ● v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of, take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in ③ 主語?。≈^語　＋　賓語?。〗樵~　＋　賓語 The teacher punished him for being late. Congratulate him o

6、n his success. Compare this with that. 4. S + V + O + D (間接賓語由代詞和名詞充當) ① 主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 Will you lend me your pen, please ? She bought him many toys. ② 主語 + 謂語 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 代詞或名詞 Will you lend your pen to me, please ? She bought many toys for him. 　　　 備用詞：pay, give,

7、hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave 5. S + V + O + C 賓語和賓補之間的關(guān)系有兩種：● 主表關(guān)系； ● 主謂關(guān)系。賓語可由形容詞、副詞、介詞、動詞不定式充當 　 主表：① I find the book interesting. (主謂賓＋形容詞) ② I saw him there. 　　　(主謂賓＋副詞)　 ③ I found the book on the desk.　(主謂賓＋介詞) ④ We elected him monitor. (主謂賓＋名詞) 主謂：①The

8、y saw the thief running away. (主謂賓 + 現(xiàn)在分詞） ②Where did you see him knocked down?　(主謂賓＋過分詞) ③ What makes you think so ?　(主謂賓＋動詞不定式) It 句型 1. It + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth → sth + be + adj. + to do It is not easy to learn English. (English is not easy to learn.) 備用詞：difficult, nec

9、essary, important, quick, hard, etc. 2. It + be + adj. + of sb to do sth → sb. + be + adj. + to do sth It was foolish of Tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire. (Tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.) 備用詞：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel

10、, etc. 3. It takes sb + some time + to do sth → sb spends time in doing sth It took him two days to find the elephant. (He spent two days in finding the elephant.) 4. It is no use doing sth. It is no use regretting your past mistakes. 備用詞：no good, useless, etc. 5. It costs sb. + money

11、 + to do sth It cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace. → The necklace cost them 36,000 francs . They spent 36,000 franc on the necklace. They spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace. They paid 36,000 francs for the necklace. They bought the necklace for 36,000 francs. 6. It +

12、 be + adj. (n.) + that-clause It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 備用詞：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc. 7.It + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth) It is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting. 備用詞：

13、strange, important,impossble 8. It + be + p.p. + that-clause it is said that he has been ill for years. (He is said to have been…) 備用詞：reported, known, believed, decided, announced, etc. 9. It + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.) It is demanded that the homework (should) be finishe

14、d at once. 備用詞：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc. 10. It seems + that-clause → sb. + seems + to do sth. It seems that they are talking. (They seem to be talking.) 備用詞：happen 11. It is + some time since-clause → sb. has + p.p. + for time It is three years since he came

15、here. (He has been here for years.) 12. It is + 被強調(diào)部分 + that (who) It is through struggle that we learn this truth. 13. It + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause It is time for supper. It is time to have supper. It is time that we should have supper. It is time that we had sup

16、per. 14. It + be + long(時間段）+ before-clause It will not be long before we turn our hope into reality. 15. It is (just) like sb. to do sth. 該句型為“某人（恰?。┦?。。。這個樣子”。用來表示贊揚或不滿，若用否定式，則表示懷疑。 It’s like him to leave the work to others. 他就是這樣的一個人，把工作推給別人。 It isn’t like him to have said anything lik

17、e that. 他可不是說出那種話的人。 16. It is up to sb. to do sth. 該句型為“該由某人做。。?！?。該句型中up后的to是介詞。 There Be 結(jié)構(gòu) 1、主謂一致： There is a pen and two books on the desk. 2、反意問句： There used to be a well there, use(d)n’t / didn’t there? 3、各種時態(tài)： There will be a film this afternoon. There is going to be a

18、 lecture tomorrow. There have been great change in our city since 1988. 4、there be中的非謂語形式： There are a lot of students waiting outside. There were eleven people killed in this accident. There’s someone at the door to see you. (There being no bus, we had to walk home.) 5、含情態(tài)動詞： There must

19、 (may, might) be rain tomorrow. There ought to be no trouble 6、與其它動詞連用： There seems to be a reason for changing their plan. There are likely to be more difficulties than expected. There happens to be nobody in the room. I don’t want there to be any trouble. 7、there + v. There goes the be

20、ll. On the hill (there) stands a house. 8、There is no denying the fact + that從句（不可否認的......） 例句：不可否認的，我們的生活質(zhì)量已經(jīng)每況愈下。 There is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 主謂一致原則 1、or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接并列主語時， 謂語與鄰近主語一致 Not

21、 only she but also I am going there. 2、as well as, (together) with,,along with連接并列主語時，謂語與前面主語一致 　　 Dr. Smith (together) with his two sons is going Paris. 3、there be 中主語并列時，可隨緊挨 be 的詞一致或用復數(shù) 　　 There is (are) a boy and two girls in the room. NOTICE: There is a pair of trouser

22、s here. 4、both, many, several, few作主語時，謂語用復數(shù) 　　 Few are here this morning. 5、時間、距離、重量、金錢等的復數(shù)作主語，當整體看，謂語用單數(shù) 　　　Two feet isn’t long enough. 6、and連接并列主語的情況 　 ① My father and mother are away on business. ② The worker and writer is from Paris. ③ The worker and the writer are from

23、Paris. ④ Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. ⑤ Every (Each, No) desk and every (each, no) chair is made of wood. ⑥one and a half 后面應(yīng)接復數(shù)名詞，但其謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 7、the + adj. (-ing, -ed)表示一類人，謂語用復數(shù)；表示一類事物， 　　 謂語用單數(shù) 　 The rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many countries.

24、 8、Neither (of), Either (of), Each (of)作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Neither of them is a driver. 9、any-, every-, some- no-作主語，謂語用單數(shù) 　 Is everybody here ? 10、動詞不定式、動名詞、主語從句作主語，謂語用單數(shù) To see is to believe. What I have done is what I should do. 11. all of, some of, any of, most of, none of, plenty o

25、f, percent of, half of 等作主語，根據(jù) of 后的詞決定 the houses are on show. 　　 Most of the work has been done. the students are girls. Ninety percent of the money is hers. 12. kind of + n., 由kind 決定 This kind of apples is very good. → Apples of this kind are very good. 13. Such (倒裝) Such is

26、 what he said. → Such are his words. 14. east, west, south, north的倒裝 East of the city is (lies) a lake. (are / lie two lakes) 15. 強調(diào)句中 It’s I who am going to Japan. 16. 定語從句中 I, who am a student, will be a doctor. 17.a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large qua

27、ntity of , a lot of ) + 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 18.a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。但the number of +主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。　 19.代詞 none, neither 作主語時，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思來決定。 20. 一些只有復數(shù)形式的詞作主語時( clothes , trousers , shoes , ...)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式；但前面有a pair of 修飾時，則用單數(shù)。 21. 關(guān)系詞who, th

28、at , which 引起的定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞在數(shù)和人稱取得一致。但one of + 復數(shù)名詞 + that從句。從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復數(shù)，而the ( only ) one of +復數(shù)名詞 + that 從句，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 22. 以what 引起的主語從句 the rest , the remainder 等引起的主語，謂語動詞按意思一致的原則處理。 EXERCISES: 1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people

29、 B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of

30、trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2020;2020 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is 5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep ____

31、_ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8.

32、Mathematics _______ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 11. What the children in t

33、he mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _______ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing 13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have b

34、een D. would be 14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits 15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserv

35、ed 16. There ______ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all. A. going to be B. / C. is D. that 18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water. A. is covered B. is covering C. were co

36、vered D. are covered 19. The following ______ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were 20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history. A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was

37、 told 22. You and I _____ twin sisters. A. were B. are C. is D. am 23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers. A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given 24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time. A. rots aw

38、ay B. rot away C. has rotted away D. are rotted away 25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium. A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned 26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are

39、 known 27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away. A. were B. has been C. had been D. was 28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______ .” A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have C. None of us has D. None of us did 29. A

40、group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position. A. were advancing B. were advanced C. was advancing D. advancing 30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games. A. is enjoy B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy (BDADC AACBC BAAAB DCABC BBBBA BDCAC)

41、 4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 12.解析：選A. 此處指：家里的各個成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 15. 解析：選B. 此處主語law and order 指的是同一個概念，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式. 17. 解析：選C. 本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 23.解析：選B. 本句主語是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 24.解析：選B. 本句主語是tons, 是復數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被動形式。 29.解析：選A. 主語a group of 在本句中表示具體每個人。