2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅰ專題13 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣

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1、2020考前沖刺英語Ⅰ專題13 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣 1. — No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. — Oh, you are really his big fan. (2020·湖南卷28) A. can B. need C. must D. might 【解析】選A。can強(qiáng)調(diào)能力，是“能，會(huì)”的意思。句意：在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)1. could與was/were able to的區(qū)別 Although the fire

2、in the hotel was very big, they ______ escape from it. A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to 【解析】選D。A的時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)， C選項(xiàng)主謂不一致。could和was / were able to雖都表過去的能力，但后者還表達(dá)“付諸了行動(dòng)”的意思。 could一般只表過去的能力；若表示過去的能力得到了實(shí)施，一般用was / were able to, 不用could。 考點(diǎn)2.表示“可能性”的can, may, must Liza______

3、well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 【解析】選D。句意： Liza極有可能不想去旅行——她討厭旅行。may well not很可能不，表示否定猜測。 例2：It ______ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. (2020·江西卷23) A. mustn't

4、 B. can't C. won't D. needn't 【解析】選B。 can't 表“不可能”，否定推測。根據(jù)前后句意思只能用can't。needn't“不飯時(shí)候到達(dá)的，但是他們的航班誤點(diǎn)了。must have done過去一定干過某事，表肯定推測。can have done表過去可能性，“過去本有可能干”。 例2：— I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. — How u

5、nbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. (2020·江蘇卷34) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 【解析】選B。might have done表過去很有可能已做某事。而must have done 則表示過去一定有人做過某事。如果被別人偷走了，那么就不可能把東西弄回。will have done 是將來完成時(shí)；sho

6、uld have done 過去本該做而未做。 must have done表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測。 can't / couldn't have done表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情所做的否定推測。 may have done表示過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測。 might / could have done表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測，或者表示本來可以做而事實(shí)上未做的事情。 should / ought to have done表示本應(yīng)該做的事情而事實(shí)上未做，含有對(duì)對(duì)方的責(zé)備。 needn't have done表示做了本不應(yīng)該做的事情。 考點(diǎn)4.特殊情況 John prom

7、ised his doctor he______not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【解析】選D?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞在語境中的特殊用法。句意：約翰答應(yīng)醫(yī)生不再吸煙，從那以1. can的幾個(gè)習(xí)語 “can but +動(dòng)詞原形”表示“只能，大不了”。 “can't but +動(dòng)詞原形”表示“不得不”。 “can't help +動(dòng)詞-in

8、g形式”表示“不得不，禁不住”。 “can't …too…”表示“無論怎樣都不為過，越……越……”。 2. must有時(shí)表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名詞，意為“必須做的事情”。 3. should可作“竟然、萬一”解。 考點(diǎn)5. shall的3種用法 ①表說話人的意圖。在陳述句中主語是第二﹑三人稱，表說話者給對(duì)方的承諾﹑決心﹑警告、威脅等； ②征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求時(shí)，主語為第一、三人稱的疑問句。 ③表示強(qiáng)制。用于法令、條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該” — Will you read me a story, Mummy? — OK. You ______ have

9、 one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2020·陜西卷24) A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【解析】選D。shall在此表“許可”。 虛擬語氣 考點(diǎn)1.虛擬條件句的三種基本類型 I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2020·陜西卷22) A. coul

10、dn't have gone B. didn't go C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone 【解析】選A。句意：沒有你的慷慨幫助，我就不可能熬過那段痛苦時(shí)期。此句為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。without your generous help＝if I hadn't had your generous help。從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句則用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)。couldn't have gone through表“過去不可能經(jīng)歷”。 【解析】選A。wish后有3種形式的虛擬語氣句子。此句根據(jù)

11、前一分句where are the children？可知是在問孩子現(xiàn)在在哪里？因此對(duì)方才會(huì)說我希望他們不要總是遲到。因此選A。 1. wish后的賓語從句和if only后的句子：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用“would (could)+動(dòng)詞原形”。 2. as if / as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的可能性不大，用“would (could)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

12、 溫馨提示：若從句所說的內(nèi)容可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語氣。 3. It's (high / about) time后的定語從句：從句謂語通常用一般過去時(shí)或“should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不可省)”。 4. would rather后的賓語從句：通常用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，用過去 8. It's+important / necessary / impossible+that主語從句：常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形(should可省)”。 考點(diǎn)3. 虛擬語氣的特殊情況 1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 Maybe if I ______ science, and not

13、literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2020·北京卷30) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【解析】選C?？疾樘摂M語氣的特殊用法——錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。從句中含有then，可推知此句是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，所以用過去完成時(shí)。而主句則用了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的would be。句意：也許如果我那時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)了理科而不是文學(xué)的話，那么(現(xiàn)在)我就能給你更多的幫助

14、。 所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句卻指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 2. 含蓄虛擬條件句 I knew my uncle ______ no time. Otherwise he ______ me company to go hiking. A. did have; would have kept B. had; had kept C. has; would have kept D. had had; had kept 【解析】選A。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)和虛擬語氣。第一句說的是事實(shí)，故不

15、用虛擬語氣， did 在此處表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；第二空表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，故用would have kept。 例2：We ______ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2020·江西卷28) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 【解析】選D。but for“要不是因?yàn)椤?。此句表示“要不是因?yàn)镴ohn最近受傷了，我們昨天

16、就會(huì)把他的名字打入競賽名單里?！笔軅@一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，因此該句表與過去事實(shí)相反。主句用would have done的形式。 假設(shè)情況不用if從句來表示，而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗谩皐ould (should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示與過去相反用“would (should, could, might)+have+過去分詞”。 3. 虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝______ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am 【解析】選B。該結(jié)構(gòu)可還原為： If I were in your position。 虛擬條件從句中若有were, should, had時(shí)，可將其提到句首，并將if省略。