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1、專題八專題八書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)1.中考英語書面表達(dá)是對(duì)考生語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、語言組織能力及書寫能力的綜合考查,看考生是否能夠綜合運(yùn)用已學(xué)過的語言知識(shí)進(jìn)行文字表達(dá),以達(dá)到交際的目的。書面表達(dá)內(nèi)容的設(shè)題貼近社會(huì)和生活實(shí)際,貼近考生熟悉的生活話題。要求考生根據(jù)所給提示,用英語寫出語言正確、內(nèi)容完整、語句連貫的短文。2.中考對(duì)書面表達(dá)的考查重點(diǎn)是:(1)考查考生能力:觀察能力;思維能力;綜合分析能力;運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力;用英語組詞造句、連句成篇的能力;書寫能力。(2)考查考生語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí):詞類常識(shí);詞類的句法功能,即各個(gè)詞類與句子成分的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系;動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法;被動(dòng)語態(tài);動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用
2、法;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法;形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí);主謂一致;句子的種類;賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句等。3.考查的方式主要:應(yīng)用文,話題作文,看圖作文。題型1題型2題型3書面表達(dá)是天津的必考題型,該題型重在考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)正確遣詞造句的能力以及連句成篇的語言組織能力。初中英語書面表達(dá)的考查形式包括應(yīng)用文、話題作文和看圖作文,內(nèi)容較簡單,且大多帶有提示,對(duì)文采、修辭要求不高,只要根據(jù)所給的提示把主要內(nèi)容設(shè)法充分地表達(dá)出來即可。因此,在具體寫作中可以運(yùn)用以下策略:題型1題型2題型3一、寫前“三謀”1.認(rèn)真審題在進(jìn)行寫作之前,全面捕捉信息,包括材料提示,寫作要求、文體和詞數(shù)等,確定要寫的內(nèi)容、
3、文章體裁,進(jìn)行整體性地思考。2.列出提綱圍繞主題,理清思路,把所寫的內(nèi)容列成若干條,選好要用的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和詞語。擬提綱時(shí),中心要突出,條理要清晰,要將要點(diǎn)合理分布、連接,要善于取舍,不任意發(fā)揮、主次不分。3.合理謀篇在“謀篇”過程中我們應(yīng)遵循統(tǒng)一性、連貫性的原則。所謂統(tǒng)一性是指我們寫出的句子、段落都要圍繞主題展開,所描述的細(xì)節(jié)、事例和發(fā)表的觀點(diǎn)、情感態(tài)度等都要為主題服務(wù)。所謂連貫性原則要求所寫文章有邏輯、有條理,不要讓人讀過之后感到只是若干句子的機(jī)械拼湊。題型1題型2題型3二、寫中“四要”1.要用自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型和短語表達(dá)。但句型也要盡量多樣化,如適當(dāng)使用一些并列句或主從復(fù)合句;進(jìn)一
4、步描繪人或事物時(shí),適當(dāng)使用定語從句等,不要一個(gè)句式到底,使人覺得乏味。2.要用英語思維和表達(dá),切忌漢語式英語。時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)要正確,主謂要一致,注意人稱代詞、物主代詞用法等。3.要用上連接詞。上下文的連貫性也是評(píng)分的一條原則,因此考生應(yīng)盡量使用and,or,(al)though,but,however,because,so等詞,以便使行文自然流暢。4.不會(huì)表達(dá),要另辟蹊徑。如遇到個(gè)別要點(diǎn)表達(dá)不出來或難以表達(dá),可采用變通的辦法,化難為易,化繁為簡?？傊?所造句子要正確、得體,符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。題型1題型2題型3三、寫后“六查”查體裁格式是否正確符合要求、查內(nèi)容是否符合題意、查行文是否連貫流暢、查語法
5、是否有錯(cuò)誤(包括時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、單復(fù)數(shù)等)、查單詞拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、查詞數(shù)是否符合要求。題型1題型2題型3題型1應(yīng)用文通知、便條、日記、賀卡、電話留言、值日?qǐng)?bào)告、發(fā)言稿、演講稿、電子郵件、書信、調(diào)查報(bào)告、請(qǐng)假條等都屬于應(yīng)用文。應(yīng)用文在日常生活中運(yùn)用最為廣泛,因此是近幾年中考高頻書面表達(dá)題型之一。寫作應(yīng)用文要把握好以下四點(diǎn):1.確定格式英語中書信、電話留言、電子郵件等都有一定的書寫格式習(xí)慣;而發(fā)言稿、值日?qǐng)?bào)告、演講稿等也有較為固定的格式,開頭語一般用:Good morning/afternoon/evening!My dear friends!或者Ladies and gentlemen!接
6、下來是正文,結(jié)束語常用:Thank you!/Thanks for your attention./Thanks for listening.題型1題型2題型32.確定內(nèi)容依據(jù)內(nèi)容,列出寫作要點(diǎn),注意不要漏掉所給出的提示內(nèi)容,同時(shí)所給的參考詞匯也要全部用上。在語言的使用上,要認(rèn)真把握。如:若是寫發(fā)言稿的話,最好使用大眾化的語言,因?yàn)榘l(fā)言稿是面向聽眾的,要做到簡潔明快、條理清楚、觀點(diǎn)明確。3.確定人稱應(yīng)用文往往采用第一人稱的形式。4.確定時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用文在時(shí)態(tài)的使用方面,多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),當(dāng)然在具體的寫作過程中也會(huì)涉及其他的時(shí)態(tài),要認(rèn)真把握好。題型1題型2題型3典例典例1(2017山東德州)假如你叫張明
7、,你的外國朋友John發(fā)來郵件,請(qǐng)你介紹中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容提示及要求給他寫一封80100詞的回信。題型1題型2題型3題型1題型2題型3參考詞匯:pray for祈求;harvest豐收要求:1.描述節(jié)日1和節(jié)日2,并自主選擇節(jié)日3進(jìn)行介紹,包括節(jié)日名稱、時(shí)間、美食、活動(dòng)方式及意義等;2.語言通順,要點(diǎn)齊全,意思連貫,條理清楚,書寫規(guī)范;3.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的姓名和學(xué)校名稱;4.文章開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。題型1題型2題型3題型1題型2題型3One possible version:Dear John,Glad to receive your email.You asked
8、me about festivals in China.Let me introduce some important ones to you.First of all,I want to introduce the Lantern Festival.It comes in January or February.On that day,we eat yuanxiao,go to watch lantern shows and dragon dances to pray for health and happiness for the whole year.The Mid-Autumn Fes
9、tival is in the middle of autumn.It is a time for the family to get together and celebrate harvest.At night,the whole family eat delicious mooncakes and tell the story of Change while watching the big bright moon.題型1題型2題型3The Spring Festival is the most important for us Chinese.Its the beginning of
10、a new year.We usually eat dumplings,meat and some other nice food.To welcome the new year,we do some cleaning,buy new clothes,set off fireworks and visit our relatives.Everyone,young or old,has a happy smile on their face.Can you tell me something about the festivals in your country?Im looking forwa
11、rd to hearing from you.Yours,Zhang Ming 題型1題型2題型3參考范文Dear Helen,Thank you for your e-mail.I would like to answer your questions.I can do many things to relax myself on weekends.I often play table tennis,surf the Internet and watch TV.I usually do chores at home,because my parents are very busy and I
12、 want to help them.What I want to do most is ride bikes with friends.We have been to many beautiful villages.Next weekend,we are going to Mountain Meng.We always have fun.Best wishes,Wang Lin 題型1題型2題型3題型2話題作文話題作文也叫提示作文,它要求根據(jù)漢語意思和英語提示詞語,寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯的英語短文。這種提示已將所要敘述的事情列出,并且有的提示已給出了相應(yīng)的英語詞匯、短語或句型,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所
13、給的提示,展開合理的想象,運(yùn)用一定的語言邏輯,使用正確的語法和句法,將整篇的文字用英語表達(dá)出來。寫話題作文要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.認(rèn)真審題,看清題目中的要求做書面表達(dá)題要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀有關(guān)提示,弄清試題提供的所有信息,包含哪些情景、內(nèi)容和要求,要明確題目有哪些要點(diǎn),且要點(diǎn)必須齊備。要考慮用哪種體裁,用第幾人稱來表述,選擇什么時(shí)態(tài)。這樣,思路才能清晰。題型1題型2題型32.根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容,列出寫作要點(diǎn)及每個(gè)要點(diǎn)中可能運(yùn)用到的表達(dá)話題作文通常會(huì)給出一些漢語提示(有時(shí)也會(huì)給出一些英語參考詞匯)。首先,應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀提示內(nèi)容,依次列出寫作要點(diǎn),注意不要漏掉所給出的提示內(nèi)容;其次,所給的參考詞匯也要全部用上。對(duì)以
14、表格、圖表出現(xiàn)的描述文進(jìn)行寫作時(shí),要讀懂所隱含的信息,分析文章難點(diǎn),確定如何去寫。在理解好中(英)文提示的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)真選詞,用準(zhǔn)確的英文句子把文章的意思完整地表達(dá)出來。有時(shí)一個(gè)句子可能會(huì)有幾種表達(dá)方式,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用最有把握的一種。遇到自己不是十分確定的詞句,可采用變通的方法,切忌使用難詞、難句。3.緊扣要點(diǎn),動(dòng)筆寫作依據(jù)寫作提綱,完成短文。在寫作的過程中,要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡,必要時(shí)可適當(dāng)運(yùn)用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞,使文章過渡平穩(wěn)、自然流暢。題型1題型2題型3題型2話題作文話題作文也叫提示作文,它要求根據(jù)漢語意思和英語提示詞語,寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯的英語短文。
15、這種提示已將所要敘述的事情列出,并且有的提示已給出了相應(yīng)的英語詞匯、短語或句型,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所給的提示,展開合理的想象,運(yùn)用一定的語言邏輯,使用正確的語法和句法,將整篇的文字用英語表達(dá)出來。寫話題作文要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.認(rèn)真審題,看清題目中的要求做書面表達(dá)題要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀有關(guān)提示,弄清試題提供的所有信息,包含哪些情景、內(nèi)容和要求,要明確題目有哪些要點(diǎn),且要點(diǎn)必須齊備。要考慮用哪種體裁,用第幾人稱來表述,選擇什么時(shí)態(tài)。這樣,思路才能清晰。題型1題型2題型32.根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容,列出寫作要點(diǎn)及每個(gè)要點(diǎn)中可能運(yùn)用到的表達(dá)話題作文通常會(huì)給出一些漢語提示(有時(shí)也會(huì)給出一些英語參考詞匯)。首先,應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀提
16、示內(nèi)容,依次列出寫作要點(diǎn),注意不要漏掉所給出的提示內(nèi)容;其次,所給的參考詞匯也要全部用上。對(duì)以表格、圖表出現(xiàn)的描述文進(jìn)行寫作時(shí),要讀懂所隱含的信息,分析文章難點(diǎn),確定如何去寫。在理解好中(英)文提示的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)真選詞,用準(zhǔn)確的英文句子把文章的意思完整地表達(dá)出來。有時(shí)一個(gè)句子可能會(huì)有幾種表達(dá)方式,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用最有把握的一種。遇到自己不是十分確定的詞句,可采用變通的方法,切忌使用難詞、難句。3.緊扣要點(diǎn),動(dòng)筆寫作依據(jù)寫作提綱,完成短文。在寫作的過程中,要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡,必要時(shí)可適當(dāng)運(yùn)用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞,使文章過渡平穩(wěn)、自然流暢。題型1題型2題型3典例典例2
17、(2017浙江紹興)某英語教育網(wǎng)站正在開展主題為“How can a teenager have a successful life?”的討論,為此你采訪了一些同學(xué)(結(jié)果見下表)。請(qǐng)用英語寫一篇短文參與討論,并闡述你的觀點(diǎn)。注意:(1)短文必須包括表中所有內(nèi)容,可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié);(2)你的觀點(diǎn)至少為兩條;(3)詞數(shù):80100;(4)文章首句已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。題型1題型2題型3參考詞匯:尊重respectI have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.題型1題型2題型3One poss
18、ible version:I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.Most students believe its necessary to study hard.After all,study plays a key role in their life.They also agree they should respect their parents,who look after them every day.Besides,theyre ready to serve th
19、e society and in their opinion its really meaningful.Whats more,they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.From my point of view,we need to make some good friends so that we can learn from each other.Also,we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because its an imp
20、ortant factor for us to have a successful life.題型1題型2題型3參考范文My mum is about years old.She is tall with white hair.She is a housewife.She is really a nice and kind mother.My mum is friendly,wise and patient.She teaches me how to be a man and how to study.She will be very happy if I study hard.However
21、,she wont get angry if I dont do anything very perfectly.Instead,she encourages me to do better next time.When I am in a bad mood,she always cheers me up.I love my mum very much,so I give her a big hug when I get home from school.My mum works so hard that I wash feet for her every evening of weekend
22、s.I love my mum and Im sure she is the best mum in the world.題型1題型2題型3(2)俗話說“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”,從以上報(bào)道可見,去另外一個(gè)國家前,先了解其習(xí)俗和歷史是很有必要的。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)初中階段所學(xué)到的關(guān)于英國的習(xí)俗和歷史,寫一篇文章,投稿到英文版的旅游文化刊物。題型1題型2題型3寫作要點(diǎn) 題型1題型2題型3寫作要求:(1)詞數(shù):80100;(2)短文的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);(3)文中需包括所有寫作要點(diǎn),但不要逐字翻譯,可適當(dāng)加入過渡語句,使短文通順,連貫;(4)不能照抄原文,文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。題型1題型2題型
23、3Before we go to another country,it is necessary for us to learn something about its customs and history.Take Britain as an example.The golden rule is:Watch the other people.Do as they do.題型1題型2題型3參考范文Before we go to another country,it is necessary for us to learn something about its customs and his
24、tory.Take Britain as an example.People usually shake hands when they meet for the first time.We should say Mr.and Mrs.when we talk with older people.People can only drink tea at a tea party,not coffee or juice.In addition to the customs,we need to know about the history.London has a long history of
25、about two thousand years.Liverpool is famous for industry in the 18th century.When we are in England,we cant talk loudly in public.And we should stand in line when we wait for buses or trains.The golden rule is:Watch the other people.Do as they do.題型1題型2題型3題型3看圖作文看圖作文也是中考常見的一種題型,旨在考查考生的觀察分析能力和語言的綜合運(yùn)
26、用能力?？磮D作文是通過對(duì)圖片的觀察來獲取語言素材,即根據(jù)圖片呈現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合所給的漢語提示或英語提示來描述圖畫的內(nèi)容,使意思連貫、通順,并符合圖意。寫看圖作文時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.仔細(xì)審題,弄清題目要求,明確寫作的中心思想應(yīng)將所給的全部圖畫或圖表連貫起來看,明確所給圖畫展示的是何種情景,并結(jié)合漢語或英語的提示,明確圖片所要表達(dá)的中心內(nèi)容。2.仔細(xì)觀察圖畫,確定具體細(xì)節(jié)要素,列出寫作提綱通常圖畫表達(dá)的是一個(gè)完整的故事情節(jié),如:故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主人公、事情、結(jié)局等。根據(jù)圖畫及提示內(nèi)容列出寫作要點(diǎn),再根據(jù)列出的要點(diǎn)確定使用哪些詞匯、句型或慣用表達(dá)法。題型1題型2題型33.明確時(shí)態(tài),理順?biāo)悸?
27、完成表達(dá)根據(jù)圖片和提示的內(nèi)容,確定需用哪種時(shí)態(tài);依據(jù)寫作提綱,進(jìn)一步理順寫作思路,將圖與圖之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,運(yùn)用一定的語言邏輯連接起來,把形象生動(dòng)的圖像信息轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的文字表達(dá),并注意寫作過程應(yīng)詳略得當(dāng)。題型1題型2題型3典例3假設(shè)你是李平,最近你在學(xué)習(xí)上遇到問題。請(qǐng)用英語給你的英國朋友Nancy寫一封電子郵件,講述你的問題并尋求她的幫助。注意:1.郵件必須包括下面三幅畫所描述的內(nèi)容。2.詞數(shù)為80100,開頭和結(jié)尾已給出(不計(jì)詞數(shù))。參考詞匯:考試不及格 fail the exam熬夜 stay up late題型1題型2題型3Hi Nancy,How are you?Hope youre w
28、ell.Im really looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping題型1題型2題型3One possible version:Hi Nancy,How are you?Hope youre well.I have a problem and need your help.I failed the math exam yesterday.My mum was really mad with me.In order to do better next time,I stayed up late last night doi
29、ng my homework.Since I didnt get enough sleep,I felt very sleepy this morning.My teacher noticed it.She came up and asked what was wrong with me,but I didnt tell her the truth.What should I do?Can you give me some advice?Im really looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping題型1題型2題型3注意:
30、1.短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的學(xué)校名稱和考生姓名;2.短文開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。題型1題型2題型3參考范文My SchoolThis is a map of my school.In the middle of the school is a playground.The science building is on the right of the playground near the school gate.Behind the science building,on the right,is the library.Between this building and the dinning hall is the classroom building.In front of the dinning hall is the sports hall and the building in front of that is the office building.My school is big,clean and beautiful.Im happy to study and play in it every day.I like it very much.
英語總提分特訓(xùn)精講 第二編 題型解法指導(dǎo) 八 書面表達(dá)
