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1、Section 2 Grammar and usage [語(yǔ)法精講]
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句
語(yǔ)法圖解
用法詳解
一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義
1.在主從復(fù)合句中,對(duì)某一名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)起修飾作用的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
2.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose等)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why等)兩類。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1.who的用法
示例:
The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.
騙我的那個(gè)
2、人是我的一個(gè)同學(xué)。
He is the man who I respect very much.
他就是我非常尊重的那個(gè)人。
歸納:who 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。
2.whom的用法
示例:
Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
杰克是你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人。
The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺騙的那位老人是我的爺爺。
歸納:whom 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可 用who 代替,也可省略。
3.which的用
3、法
示例:
The plane is a machine which can fly.
飛機(jī)是一種會(huì)飛的機(jī)器。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她贏得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。
歸納:which 指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
4.that的用法
示例:
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特納先生遞交的報(bào)告是關(guān)于摩托車比賽的。
The number of pe
4、ople that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.
每年來(lái)參觀這個(gè)城市的人數(shù)達(dá)到了一百萬(wàn)。
歸納:that既可指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
5.whose的用法
示例:
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
他住在窗戶朝南的那個(gè)房間。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
這就是那位全國(guó)聞名的科學(xué)家。
歸納:w
5、hose既可指人又可指物,在從句中修飾名詞,作定語(yǔ)。
三、關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況
1.當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,something,anything,everything,nothing,some等不定代詞時(shí)。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
2.當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last,just等修飾時(shí)。
Music is the only thing that interest
6、s me.
音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。
3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最有趣的故事。
4.當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
[疑難點(diǎn)津] 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
7、Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.超過(guò)45歲的人不允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)大廳。
[溫馨提示] (1)“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班里唯一一個(gè)學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)的男孩。
(2)為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù),被關(guān)系代詞代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
這就是我們上星期天參觀的那家工廠。