牛津高中英語模塊七unit1語法(及物動詞和不及物動詞)

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1、及物動詞和不及物動詞 英語中的實義動詞，有及物動詞（transitive verb）和不及物動詞（intransitive verb）之分，縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi. 。 一、 及物動詞 及物動詞是指后面可直接跟賓語，并且必須跟賓語才能使其意義完整的動詞。大部分及物動詞有被動語態(tài)。及物動詞常用于以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)中： （1）“主語+謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu) 此時的賓語可以是一個名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或者從句。如： Mary enjoys music .(名詞) He loves her.（代詞） I want to get your help.(不定式短語) I don’t kn

2、ow what to do.(疑問詞+不定式) The old man enjoys living in the countryside.(動名詞短語) I don’t think that he’s right.(賓語從句) 學(xué)法點撥：常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wishi等。 可以接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語的動詞有：ask, consider(考慮)，decide, disco

3、ver, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, tell , think, understand, wonder等。 常接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：advise, avoid, ban , delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind , miss , practice, risk等。 接不定式和接動名詞作賓語意義差別很大的動詞有：forget, remember, regret, mean等。 （2）“主語+謂語+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu) 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個是表示人的間接

4、賓語，一個是表示物的直接賓語。間接賓語一般在前面，直接賓語在后面。如： Tom left Mary a message. 有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調(diào)，此時間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或for。 主語+及物動詞+物（直接賓語）+to+人（間接賓語）。如：He offered a job to her. 主語+及物動詞+物（直接賓語）+for+人（間接賓語）。如：Mother made a nice dress for the little girl. 學(xué)法點撥：間接賓語前常用to的動詞有：give, tell, lend , sell , teach, send , write, sh

5、ow, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等。間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有：buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do , save等。 （3）“主語+謂語+復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu) 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語在“意義”上是一種主謂或動賓關(guān)系。如：We elected Li Yang our monitor.(Li Yang is our monitor.) The news made us sad.(We w

6、ere sad.) 能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞等，用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語。如： He appointed John marketing manager.(名詞) The news made me happy.(形容詞) I found myself in darkness.(介詞短語) He encouraged her to work harder.(不定式短語) Don’t leave the water running after you have washed you

7、r hands. (分詞) a. 及物動詞+賓語+形容詞 believe相信 find發(fā)現(xiàn) get使 keep使保持 leave留下 make使 push推 consider認(rèn)為 declare宣布 imagine想象 judge判斷 think認(rèn)為 We all believe him honest and kind.我們都相信他誠實、善良。 b. 及物動詞+賓語+名詞 call叫 name命名 make使成為 wish祝愿 consider認(rèn)為 keep使 choose選擇 elect選舉 We conside

8、r him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個奇怪的人。 c. 及物動詞+賓語+帶to的不定式 advise建議 allow允許 ask要求 expect期望 invite邀請 get使 order命令 tell告訴 teach教 wish希望 warn警告 want想要 Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要慎重。 d. 及物動詞+賓語+to be+名詞/形容詞 believe認(rèn)為 consider認(rèn)為 feel感覺 find發(fā)現(xiàn)

9、imagine想象 know知道 suppose猜測 understand理解 prove 證明 declare宣布 注意：這些結(jié)構(gòu)中的to be可能省略，也就是說，這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“及物動詞+賓語+名詞/形容詞”。 e. 及物動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式 have使 make使 let讓 see看見 notice注意 feel感覺 watch觀看 look at看 listen to聽 observe觀察 discover發(fā)現(xiàn) hear聽見 注意：這類動詞（詞組）在變被動語態(tài)時不能省略to。They are made t

10、o work all day long. f. 及物動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞 see看見 hear聽見 keep使 catch抓住 find發(fā)現(xiàn) have讓 watch觀察 smell聞到 look at看 observe觀察 discover發(fā)現(xiàn) get使 Can you hear someone playing the piano next door?你能聽見隔壁有人在彈鋼琴嗎？ g. 及物動詞+賓語+過去分詞 have使 get使 make使 find發(fā)現(xiàn) feel感覺 see看見 hear聽見 think

11、認(rèn)為 watch觀看 I couldn’t make myself heard by all the listeners. 我不能使所有聽眾都聽見我說話。 h. 及物動詞+賓語+of sth. accuse控告 cheat欺騙 cure治愈 inform通知 remind提醒 rid擺脫 rob搶劫 warn警告 The song reminds me of my school days.這首歌讓我想起了我的學(xué)生時代。 i. 及物動詞+賓語+for doing sth. blame 指責(zé) criticise批評 forgive原諒 excu

12、se原諒 pardon原諒 punish懲罰 scold指責(zé) thank感謝 Forgive me for saying so. I didn’t mean to hurt you.請原諒我這樣說， 我并不是故意傷害你的。 j. 及物動詞+賓語+as/for等引起的介詞短語 regard看作 consider認(rèn)為 choose選擇 use用 keep保持，保留 You can keep this book as your own.你可以留著這本書。 學(xué)法點撥:有時作賓語的不定式、動名詞。賓語從句跟一個補(bǔ)足語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，要用i

13、t作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾，構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 二、 不及物動詞 不及物動詞后面不可以直接跟賓語，但可以接副詞、不定式、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 The machine works smoothly.(副詞) They stopped to take a short rest.(不定式短語) He is standing by the window. (介詞短語) 不及物動詞如果要

14、接賓語，必須加介詞或副詞。這些加了介詞的不及物動詞，很多有固定的意思。如： The boy looked up very word he came across while reading. 這類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：appeal to, associate with, belong to, bow to, care for, complain of , consist of , contribute to , depend on, end with, listen to , long for, object to, refer to, relate to, result in , suffer

15、from, think of, wait for等。 Ⅰ.單項選擇 1. The workers the glasses and marked on each box“This Side Up”. A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 2. If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will her. A. persuade B. promise C. invite

16、 D. support 3. The teachers in the city demanded that their pay close to the level of civil servants. A. be raised B. would raise C. would rise D. should be risen 4. As the story , the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happens

17、C. ends D. develops 5. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he . A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 6. The new movie to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. p

18、retends D. declines 7. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage 8. Mary, I John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised 9

19、. I a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A. borrowed B. opened C. entered D. ordered 10. –Are you still mad at her? --Not really, but I can’t that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject

20、 D. decline 11. I’d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence. A. show B. express C. pass D. reserve Ⅱ. 用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~或動詞短語完成下列句子。 1. reach /reach for (1) They Beijing by train on May 8. (2) She the dictionary on the shelf. 2. know /know of (1) How d

21、id you come to this? (2) I got to him in the autumn of 1963. 3. meet /meet with (1) He is my assistant, and you can turn to him if you any problem when I’m not here. (2) I often her on the street. 4. begin/ begin with (1) Knowledge practice. (2) Let’s

22、 our class. Ⅲ.閱讀短文，用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Policemen (call) by a shop in Livingston on Christmas morning. When they (arrive) they found two burglars (keep) in a lift with a heavy money box. The two men were in their twenties. They (break) into an office in the sho

23、p and taken the money box and run into the lift. They didn’t see the sign in the door (say) “It (carry) no more than two people.”“They (keep) between the floors because they took a heavy box,”the police officer said . They were kept there for six hours, (sit) on what t

24、hey wished to be their Christmas present. They (do) this when people were at home for Christmas with their families. It was a very special moment when the policemen opened the door and they walked out (hold) their arms. They said they had never been so pleased to see the police. The policemen said they were pleased to see them too. 3