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1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題(十一)主謂一致,PART TWO,第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】 (1)就近一致原則。(2)意義一致原則。 (3)語(yǔ)法一致原則。,考點(diǎn)一就近一致原則,就近一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。 1.由eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut also等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk.她父母和她本人都不是銀行職員。 Either my father or my mother on weekdays.在工作日,不
2、是我爸爸就是我媽媽做飯。 2.當(dāng)there be 句型中的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.書(shū)桌上有一支鋼筆、一把小刀和幾本書(shū)。 There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom. 教室里有20名男生和23名女生。 3.在here引導(dǎo)的句子中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不止有一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與離其最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。,cooks,is,are,is,考點(diǎn)二意義一致原則,1.有些集合名詞,如family,clas
3、s,team 等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的每個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Mr.Smiths family a big one. 史密斯先生家是一個(gè)大家庭。 Mr.Smiths family watching TV. 史密斯一家正在看電視。 2.all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若代表可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若代表可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Now all been changed. 現(xiàn)在一切都變了。 All present. 所有的都在這兒。,is,ar
4、e,has,are,3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞/代詞”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a)part of+名詞/代詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由of后面的名詞或代詞決定。若名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),代詞是除第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)以外的人稱(chēng)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,代詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Lots of damage caused by fire. 很多損失是由火災(zāi)造成的。 4.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,表示“商店、工廠(chǎng)、住宅”等意義,且作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The
5、 doctors across from the bank. 診所在銀行的對(duì)面。,was/is,is,5.politics, physics, the United States, news, math(s) 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The news very exciting. 那則新聞是非常令人興奮的。 Physics a bit difficult for me. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)兒難。 6.表時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、度量的詞(短語(yǔ))及動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。加減乘除也??醋髡w,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Twenty years a long tim
6、e. 二十年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。,is,is,is,7.“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of players from America. 很多運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)自美國(guó)。 The number of the students in our class 50. 我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)是五十。 8.形式上雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如people, police 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A lot of people dancing outside. 很多人正在外面跳舞。 The
7、police looking for the lost boy. 警察正在找那個(gè)丟失的男孩。,is,are/come,are,are,考點(diǎn)三語(yǔ)法一致原則,1.each以及由some-, any-, no-, every-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Each of us an English book. 我們每個(gè)人都有一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 everybody ready? 每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎? 2.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若前面有“一條”“一副”“一把”之類(lèi)的量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用
8、單數(shù)形式。,has,Is,3.主語(yǔ)后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與它前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老師和他的學(xué)生們將去參觀(guān)博物館。 4.由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both he and I are right. 我和他都是對(duì)的。,,用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Be quiet! The patien
9、ts (be) sleeping. 2.My sister likes making friends. She often (share) her ideas with them. 3.Neither you nor I (be) talented in music, but we both like listening to it. 4.Two months (be) a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. 5.Fish (be) the little boys favorite food. 6.Two
10、thirds of the money (belong) to Jack. 7.20% of the students in my class (like) watching movies.,are,shares,am,is,is,belongs,like,,8.Something strange often (happen) in the neighborhood these days. 9.The number of new babies (increase) quickly after the policy comes out. 10.Either you or I (be) go
11、ing to the teachers office after class. 11.This basket of apples (be) enough for these kids. 12.Both the students and the teacher (know) the history of the city. 13.Exercising every day (make) the boy called Wang Chenxuan stronger and stronger. 14.One hundred million dollars (be) a small goal of Wang Jianlins. 15.Yao Ming is one of Chinas basketball players who (have) ever played in NBA.,happens,increases,am,is,know,makes,is,have,