初三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)【基礎(chǔ)教資】

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1、 初三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié) I、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概說(shuō) 在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 它不受人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的限制。 II.用法 一.動(dòng)詞不定式 to do 否定形式：not to do 1.做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It + be + adj. + (for/ of sb.) + 動(dòng)詞不定式, 且在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of. E.g. To learn English well is useful. It is useful

2、to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 不定式作主語(yǔ)常表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。 E.g. It is difficult to play this game. 3. 不定式作主語(yǔ)常表示目的或一件未完成的事。 E.g. He hopes to become a university student this year. 2.做賓語(yǔ) 1. 一般不做介詞賓語(yǔ)，只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：would like, want

3、, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, learn, happen等。 E.g. would you like to see a film this evening? 2. 在find, think后跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it 代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。 E.g. I find it easy to read English every day. 3. 常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do, could/ would/ will you

4、 please (not do) E.g. I would rather stay at home. 3.作表語(yǔ) 多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語(yǔ)。 E.g. My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room is my work every day. 4.做定語(yǔ) 1. 不定式做定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾的詞后面。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Have you got anything to say? 2. 如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 There

5、 is nothing to worry about. 3. 不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, when, where, how連用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。 He didn’t know where to go. (= where he should go ) 5.補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. 不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。tell, ask , want, allow, get , would like, encourage 后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 My mother often encourages me to learn Japanese. 2. 有些

6、使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式做賓補(bǔ)。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感( feel )、二聽(tīng)( hear, listen to )、三讓( make, let, have )、四看(see, watch, look at, notice )、五幫助( help )。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。 My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 6.做狀語(yǔ) 1. 做目的狀語(yǔ)只能用不定式 I went to the library to study English. 2. 不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示發(fā)生在先后

7、的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，或表示意想不到或事與愿違的結(jié)果前通常加only 或 never. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 二.動(dòng)名詞 v-ing 1.做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。E.g. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示一般或抽象的行為； E.g. Collecting stamps is fun. (一般) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn); E.g. Skating is very intere

8、sting. ( 經(jīng)驗(yàn) ) 在It is no use (good), not any use (good),useless等后一般用動(dòng)名詞。 E.g. It is no good learning English without practice. 2.做賓語(yǔ) 能做動(dòng)詞/ 介詞賓語(yǔ)： I like playing basketball very much. (動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)) Stamps are used for sending letters. （介詞賓語(yǔ)） 說(shuō)明：表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。 注意：英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。初中階段常見(jiàn)：finis

9、h, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, practice, have fun, have trouble/ problem (in), spend, feel like, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 3.作表語(yǔ) 多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語(yǔ)。 E.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby. 4.做定語(yǔ) 只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于修飾詞之前。 We shoul

10、d improve our teaching methods. The swimming pool is very big. 三.分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞：v-ing 過(guò)去分詞：v-ed 1.做表語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征 E.g. The situation is encouraging. 2. 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示某種狀態(tài) E.g. The boy is too frightened to move. 2.做定語(yǔ) 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的詞 Do you know the girl standing under the tre

11、e? 2. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是它所修飾的詞 Please hand in your written exercises. 3,做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系） I heard him singing in the classroom. 2. 過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系） He’ll have his hair cut after school. 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別： 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have

12、 等，他們接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 I heard him sing in the classroom. (動(dòng)作已結(jié)束 4.做狀語(yǔ) 1. 通常情況，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞 The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 He was fired, killing one of the passers-by. 二、動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別 1. like

13、to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具體動(dòng)作 like doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 （類(lèi)似的還有l(wèi)ove, hate） 2. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？ 2)begin, start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry

14、。 我開(kāi)始生起氣來(lái)。 3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我開(kāi)始明白真相。 4)物作主語(yǔ)時(shí) It began to melt. 3. 感官動(dòng)詞 + doing/to do 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性 I saw him work in

15、 the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見(jiàn)了"這個(gè)事實(shí)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見(jiàn)他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作） 典型例題 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 因題意為，他們看著她長(zhǎng)大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，而非正在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，因此用se

16、e sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，因此用see sb. doing sth句型 間接賓語(yǔ)指用作賓語(yǔ)的是人，直接賓語(yǔ)則指物，兩者都作為某個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，因此位置可以互換。如： give me the book 間接賓語(yǔ)為“me”,直接賓語(yǔ)為“the book”，都用作“give”的賓語(yǔ)，也可說(shuō)give the book to me teac

17、h him a lesson 間接賓語(yǔ)“him”，直接賓語(yǔ)“a lesson”，用作“teach”的賓語(yǔ),也可說(shuō)teach a lesson to him 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是跟在賓語(yǔ)后面起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分，但不用作賓語(yǔ)，位置不能抽換?？聪旅娴睦樱? Give me the book to return it to the library. 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的部分就是“to return it to the library”：“把書(shū)給我，我要拿去還給圖書(shū)館?！薄拔乙萌ミ€給圖書(shū)館”就是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明為什么要“把書(shū)給我”的理由。 Teach him a lesson to shut him up.中的“to s

18、hut him up”也是補(bǔ)足成分：好好教訓(xùn)他一頓，讓他住嘴。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí) 1. —Are you enjoying ________ in Shaanxi? —Yes, I am. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 2. —It’s too hot. Would you mind ________ the window? —Of course not. Please do it now. A. to open B. opening C. opens D. opened 3. —C

19、ould you give us a hand, please? —Sure. What would you like me ________? A. do B. does C. to do D. doing 4. So much work usually makes him ________ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 5. She feels like ________TV. A. watches B. watch C. watching D. to watch 6. W

20、ould you please ________ some water with you? It’s so hot today, and you’ll feel thirsty. A. to take B. take C. not take D. taking 7. Please stop ________ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 8. You’d better ________ football in the street. A. not play B. playi

21、ng?????????? C. not to play D. play 9. —Remember ________ him about it before he goes away. —Sure, I will. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling 10. We must keep the classroom ________. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 11. —I’m sorry to have kept you. —It doesn’

22、t matter. I’ve just come. A. wait B. waited?????????? C. waiting D. to wait 12. It is better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish. A. to give B. giving C. of find D. finding 13. — Jack seems like a good student. — He is always the first ________ his work. A. finishe

23、s B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 14. I often hear her ________ this song in the classroom after class. A. sing B. to sing????????????????????C. singing D. sings 15. They are busy ________ the old car. A. with mend B. mend???????????????????C. to mend D. mending

24、 16. We don’t know ________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D to do whether 17.How kind you are！You always do what you can ________ me. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 18. Water Park is a good place ______

25、__. A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to have a fun 19. —Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother? —Yes, it’s well worth ________. It’s ________ moving that I’ve seen it twice. A. seeing; too B. to see; enough C. seeing; so D. to see; such 20. —What about playing football this afternoon, Susan? —I would rather ________ at home than ________ football. It’s too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing 【參考答案】1.—5. CABBB?6.—10. ABCDB?11.—15. CBABA? 16.—20.CCDCB 5 普通教學(xué)