（臨沂專）中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)1 名詞課件

《（臨沂專）中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)1 名詞課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（臨沂專）中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)1 名詞課件（23頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1 1名詞名詞高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加scapcaps；dogdogs；GermanGermans以字母s，sh，ch，x等結(jié)尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies以“元音字母y”結(jié)尾直接加sboyboys；monkeymonkeys以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f，fe為v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)以o結(jié)尾有生命的加es tomatotomat

2、oes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes 無生命的加sradioradios；zoozoos；photophotos【注意】有些名詞雖以s結(jié)尾，但它們不是復(fù)數(shù)。如：physics物理；maths數(shù)學(xué)；politics政治；news新聞。2不規(guī)則變化類型例詞字母變化manmen；womanwomen；EnglishmanEnglishmen；FrenchmanFrenchmen；childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice 單復(fù)數(shù)同形ChineseChinese；Japanese Japanese；peoplepeople；sheeps

3、heep；deerdeer 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式a man teachermen teachers；a woman teacherwomen teachers 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能用不定冠詞a/an限定。2可用much，a little，a lot of/lots of，some，any，plenty of等修飾。如：There is a little milk in the bottle.在瓶子里有一點(diǎn)牛奶。3不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)法：基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞量詞of不可數(shù)名詞。如：a glass of water一杯水；two pieces of

4、 paper兩張紙?！咀⒁狻坎豢蓴?shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于of 前面的名詞的數(shù)。如：There are three glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有三杯牛奶。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 名詞所有格名詞所有格 名詞所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系，有兩種表示形式，一種是在名詞后加s；另一種是用of，表示“的”。1s所有格類別構(gòu)成方法舉例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加s Jims father吉姆的爸爸；Fathers Day父親節(jié)有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加 the students desks 學(xué)生們的課桌；Teachers Day教師節(jié) 不以s結(jié)尾一般加sChildrens Day

5、兒童節(jié)；Womens Day婦女節(jié)類別構(gòu)成方法舉例表示兩個(gè)人共有一物時(shí)在后一個(gè)名詞后加sTom and Peters room湯姆和彼得的房間(兩人共有)表示兩個(gè)人分別擁有某物時(shí)在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加sToms and Peters rooms湯姆和彼得的房間(兩人分別擁有)表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、地點(diǎn)和自然現(xiàn)象等無生命的名詞時(shí)可在詞尾加s或en minutes walk步行十分鐘的路程；an hours rest一個(gè)小時(shí)的休息2.of 所有格用來表示無生命的名詞所有格。如：the map of China中國(guó)地圖；the door of the room房間的門。3雙重所有格of名詞所有格。如：H

6、e is a friend of my brothers.他是我弟弟(哥哥)的一位朋友。of名詞性物主代詞。如：Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的一個(gè)女兒?jiǎn)?？考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 名詞詞綴名詞詞綴名詞后綴例詞erwaitwaiter；reportreporterorvisitvisitor；actactor istartartist；sciencescientist；tourtourist；pianopianist mentdevelopdevelopmentnessillillness；sadsadness；busybusinesstioneducateeducatio

7、n；inviteinvitationcedifferentdifference；importantimportanceiondecidedecision；expressexpressionanAmericaAmerican；RussiaRussianshipfriendfriendship；relationrelationshipsurepleasepleasuredomfreefreedom 英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)一個(gè)名詞加上不同的前綴或后綴就可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如：sleep(睡覺)asleep(睡著的)sleepy(瞌睡的；困乏的)；help(幫助)helpful(有幫助的)等。常見的名詞變形容詞的方

8、法有：名詞方法舉例表天氣的名詞ycloudcloudy；sunsunny；windwindy；rainrainy表方位的名詞ernwestwestern；southsouthern；easteastern；northnorthern表時(shí)間的名詞lyweekweekly；daydaily；yearyearly表物質(zhì)的名詞en/ywoodwooden；goldgolden；sandsandy；stonestony表情感的名詞ful carecareful；beautybeautiful；hopehopeful；useuseful ylucklucky；healthhealthy；noisenois

9、ylesscarecareless；homehomeless；hopehopeless表大洲與國(guó)家的名詞nAmericaAmerican；RussiaRussian考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5 名詞辨析名詞辨析1.語(yǔ)境辨析 分析臨沂近十年的單項(xiàng)填空可以看出，名詞辨析側(cè)重于對(duì)語(yǔ)境辨析的考查，同時(shí)減少對(duì)單復(fù)數(shù)和固定搭配的考查。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，首先要讀懂句意，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，并分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，結(jié)合日常生活中的常識(shí)及語(yǔ)境，即可選出正確答案。如：我們口渴了就需要水(water)和飲料(tea，coffee，juice等)；餓了就需要食物(bread，rice，meat，noodles等)；我們郵寄東西就要去郵

10、局(post office)等。2近義詞辨析(1)house，family與homehouse指供一家人住的“房子”，側(cè)重于具體的建筑物family指由父母、子女所組成的“家庭”，是集體名詞，既可把它看成單數(shù)名詞(指整體概念)，也可視為復(fù)數(shù)名詞(指家庭成員)home指一個(gè)人出生或居住的地方，是有抽象意義上的“家”(2)sound，noise與voicesound 指可以聽到的任何“聲音”noise常指太響或人們不愿聽到的聲音，多指“嘈雜聲；噪音”等voice 指“說話聲；唱歌聲；嗓音”等(3)job與workjob是可數(shù)名詞，指一項(xiàng)具體的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”work是不可數(shù)名詞，指“工

11、作；勞動(dòng)；努力；用功”(4)problem與question兩個(gè)詞都表示“問題”。problem總是與“困難”相聯(lián)系，它可以指社會(huì)問題、教學(xué)問題，這種“問題”是“有待解決的”，與其搭配的動(dòng)詞是solve；question總是與“疑問；質(zhì)問；詢問”相聯(lián)系，這種“問題”是“有待回答的”，與其搭配的動(dòng)詞是answer。十年真題十年真題全練全練近十年來，臨沂中考對(duì)名詞的考查，主要考查的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格及名詞詞綴?？疾樾问街饕菃雾?xiàng)填空、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、聽寫等。預(yù)計(jì)2018年，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格和名詞詞綴仍是考查的重點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)1.2017臨沂，63How long

12、 does it take you to get to school?About 20 _ _ by subway.(minute)22016臨沂，57You may find most Chinese _ _(kid)dont get enough exercise.32015臨沂，57By the end of this month，people in Beijing will be able to brush their_ _(tooth)with water from Hubei.42014臨沂，58Everyone knows that _ _ (library)are places

13、 for people to study.minuteskidsteethlibraries52013臨沂，63Please finish your food.There are many hungry _ _(baby)in the world，you know.62011臨沂，73As we know，Zhang Jiajie is famous for the different _ (shape)of mountains.72008臨沂，71There are many fresh _ _ (potato)in the supermarket.82008臨沂，68How do you

14、know that autumn has arrived?One way is that the tree_ _(leaf)become yellow or red.babiesshapespotatoesleaves考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 名詞所有格名詞所有格9.2015臨沂，19I live near the station.Its only about five walk.Aminutes BminuteCminutes Dminutes102014臨沂，60It is said that (tomorrow)sports meeting has been put off because of

15、the bad weather.112008臨沂，18This is not my dictionary.Its_ She lent it to me this morning.Amy sister Bmy sistersCmy sisters Dmy sisters CtomorrowsC考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 名詞詞綴名詞詞綴12.2017臨沂，67Mary and Tony are a pair of pet pigs.The two have recently got a special license so that their _ _(own)can take them for a wal

16、k.132016臨沂，62School bus _ _(safe)is a big problem in China.142015臨沂，63After class，children went out of their classroom to enjoy the_ _(warm)of the sun.152014臨沂，62The _ _(win)of the photo competition was a 30yearold man from Shanghai.162013臨沂，64The boy is too young to know the_ _(dangerous)of smoking

17、.owner(s)safetywarmthwinnerdanger172013臨沂，65Nancy wants to become a _ _ (translate)when she grows up.182012臨沂，71Li Na is an outstanding tennis _ (play)192011臨沂，74David is good at drawing and hes going to be an _ _(art)when he grows up.202010臨沂，72The Palace Museum has a large _ _(collect)People can l

18、earn a lot in it.212008臨沂，67Xiaomeng is a popular _ _ (report)at CCTV Station.translatorplayerartistcollectionreporter猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè)一、單項(xiàng)填空1Each couple in China can have two _ _from January 1st，2016.Aboy Bgirl Cchildren Dchild2What would you like to eat?Some _ _，please.Abread Bapple Ccoffee Dtea3What would

19、 you like for breakfast?Id like_ _Atomato noodle Btomato noodlesCtomatoes noodle Dtomatoes noodles4There are many _ _ about this farm.Yes，lots of _ are planted on it.Aphoto；potato Bphotos；potatosCphotos；potatoes Dphotoes；potatoesCABC5Its about _ _ from my school to my house.A20 minutes walk B20 minu

20、tes walkCwalk of 20 minutes D20 minutes walks6Your _ is very helpful.I guess Ill take it.Asecret Badvice Cpromise Dpurpose7Great _for football loversmore than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.Anews BmessageCsituation Dinformation8He was born in Germany，but he has

21、 made China his _Afamily Baddress Chouse DhomeABAD9Cathy has such a good _ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.Asleep Bidea Cvoice Dtime10Its hot today.Have some _，please.No，thanks.Im not thirsty at all.Awater Bpotatoes Cbread Dcakes二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空格限填一詞。1How many _ _h

22、ave you been to？(city)2My grandma is interested in taking _ _ with her mobile phone.(photo)3More action must be taken to stop_ _(pollute)4Therere some_ _between them.(different)CAcitiesphotospollutiondifferences5Tonys father and uncle are both _ _They help keep the city safe.(policeman)6On _ _ Day，I

23、 often prepare a special gift for my father.(father)7Dick decided to lose _ _by eating less and doing more exercise.(weigh)8Jim laid out the _ _ and forks at the lunch table.(knife)9_ _ grandparents usually have a walk around the lake in the morning.(Kate)10This bookstore sells many English _ _.You can choose what you like.(dictionary)11Its easy to travel from Linyi to Beijing by taking highspeed railway soon.Yes.Maybe its only five _ _ ride.(hour)12Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?Of course.They are our national _ _(hero)_policemenFathersweightknivesKatesdictionarieshoursheroes