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1、兩種經(jīng)營(yíng)方式下桉樹林與椰林的土壤物理性狀的異同比較7200字
摘 要:對(duì)海南儋州兩種經(jīng)營(yíng)方式下桉樹林與人工椰林樣地連續(xù)定點(diǎn)采樣,分析不同經(jīng)營(yíng)方式下林地土壤的物理性狀差異。結(jié)果表明:(1)短伐桉樹林、椰林土壤表層的0~10 cm粒級(jí)組成"粗化";明顯,而非短伐桉樹林的變化較小;(2)短伐桉樹林、非短伐桉樹林、椰林表層0~10 cm的土壤容重分別為1.65,1.69,1.56 g“cm-3,較其他林地要大;(3)短伐桉樹林、非短伐桉樹林和椰林的土壤毛管孔隙度非常接近,約為33%,而非毛管孔隙度分別為8.66%,4.95%,5.99%,總孔隙度分別為41.89%,38.62
2、%,39.05%;(4)短伐桉樹林、非短伐桉樹林、椰林的土壤緊實(shí)度隨著深度增加而增加,非短伐桉樹林的土壤緊實(shí)度明顯高于短伐桉樹林和椰林,而短伐林與椰林的土壤緊實(shí)度相近。
關(guān)鍵詞:短伐桉樹林; 非短伐桉樹林; 椰林; 土壤理化性狀
中圖分類號(hào):S151.9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.10.014
Comparative Study of the Soil Physical Properties on Eucalyptus Plantations and Cocos Plantation
CHEN Hao1,
3、4, ZHAO Cong-ju1, NIU Yong-qiang2, ZHUO Zhi-qing1, WU Zhe-ying3, XU Wen-xian1
?。?. School of Geography and Tourism, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China;2. Danzhou Forest Farm of Hainan Province, Danzhou, Hainan 571748, China;3. School of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, H
4、aikou, Hainan 571158, China;4. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095, China)
Abstract: Two Eucalyptus plantations and one Cocos plantation were chosen as study sample plots in Danzhou Forest Farm, which lies in west Hainan Island.
5、Through monitoring and sampling in the fixed sites, differences in soil physical properties of plantations managed in different ways were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Soil separates were obviously "coarsening" in 0~10 cm soil layer of short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation and Cocos plantati
6、on, and the change was little in the layer of non-short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation;(2) The soil bulk densities in 0~10 cm soil layer of short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation, non-short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation and Cocos plantation were 1.65, 1.69 and 1.56 g“cm-3 respectively, which were hig
7、her than other woodlands;(3) Capillary porosity was almost equal of short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation, non-short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation and Cocos plantation, about 33%. Non-capillary porosity was 8.66%, 4.95% and 5.99% and total porosity, 41.89%, 38.62%, 39.05%, respectively;(4) The compa
8、ction of non-short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation was obviously higher than short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation and Cocos plantation, and the values of which were very similar.
Key words: short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation; non-short-rotation Eucalyptus plantation; Cocos plantation; soil physi
9、cal property
用方式的不同,土壤質(zhì)地、結(jié)構(gòu)以及土壤肥力等性質(zhì)也會(huì)有明顯差異[5]。因此,研究不同土地利用方式下土壤物理性狀的差異性,對(duì)優(yōu)化土地利用類型、實(shí)現(xiàn)土地資源可持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)具有重要意義。
由于桉樹生長(zhǎng)快,耗水耗肥大,桉樹人工林的生態(tài)問題備受關(guān)注[6]。已有的研究主要集中在桉樹人工林蒸騰耗水、林下生物多樣性以及林地土壤地力衰退等方面[7-9],而關(guān)于桉樹人工林生產(chǎn)與經(jīng)營(yíng)方式對(duì)林地土壤質(zhì)地、結(jié)構(gòu)影響的研究目前還較少。海南西部為我國(guó)熱帶半濕潤(rùn)、半干旱特殊生境區(qū),也是我國(guó)重要的桉樹漿紙林栽植區(qū)之一。為此,本研究選擇海南西部儋州連片種植的桉樹林為研究靶區(qū),對(duì)短伐、非短伐兩種經(jīng)營(yíng)
10、方式下的桉樹林與人工椰林樣地定點(diǎn)采樣,分析不同經(jīng)營(yíng)方式下林地的土壤質(zhì)地、土壤孔隙、土壤緊實(shí)度、土壤容重等土壤物理性狀差異,旨在揭示桉樹人工林不同生產(chǎn)與經(jīng)營(yíng)方式對(duì)林地土壤物理的影響,為桉樹人工林的生態(tài)管理和持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1 研究區(qū)與研究方法
1.1 自然環(huán)境
儋州林場(chǎng)位于海南島西北部,地勢(shì)較為和緩,土壤以砂質(zhì)磚紅壤為主,土層較薄,土壤肥力較低。年平均溫度23.8 ℃,年均降水800~1 600 mm,蒸發(fā)量1 200~2 500 mm,屬熱帶季風(fēng)氣候類型[10]。旱雨兩季分明,季節(jié)性干旱嚴(yán)重,為一獨(dú)特的熱帶疏林干草原植被類型區(qū)[11]。這里引種桉樹已有90多年,植被以
11、經(jīng)營(yíng)人工林為主,是我國(guó)重要的桉樹漿紙林分布地區(qū)。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 樣地選擇 按照空間環(huán)境一致性要求,在儋州林場(chǎng)選取3塊位置相近、自然條件一致且具有代表性的3 a短伐桉樹林、20 a桉樹林和12 a椰林作為研究樣地。
1.2.2 樣品采集與測(cè)定 (1)土壤容重、土壤孔隙度采用環(huán)刀法測(cè)定。每個(gè)樣地取3組平行樣,并將原狀土帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成試驗(yàn),并通過計(jì)算得出。
?。?)土壤質(zhì)地采用英國(guó)Mastersizer2000激光粒度分析儀測(cè)定。用多點(diǎn)法取樣,每個(gè)樣地取3組平行樣(即行間一個(gè)點(diǎn),兩側(cè)株間各取一個(gè)點(diǎn)),采樣深度0~150 cm,除表層0~10 cm外,其余均為20
12、 cm取樣間隔。各層樣品均勻混合裝入密封塑料袋帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室,經(jīng)預(yù)處理,上機(jī)測(cè)試。
?。?)土壤緊實(shí)度用SC-900數(shù)顯式土壤緊實(shí)度儀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定。每個(gè)樣地選取4個(gè)株間點(diǎn)和3個(gè)行間點(diǎn)共7個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,測(cè)量深度為0~45 cm,每2.5 cm讀1次數(shù)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 3類林地的土壤質(zhì)地
短伐連栽桉樹林地、非短伐桉樹林地、椰林地表層的0~10 cm土層各粒級(jí)百分?jǐn)?shù)與0~150 cm土層各粒級(jí)百分?jǐn)?shù)之間存在較大差異(表1)。與0~150 cm土層相比,短伐林、椰林0~10 cm土層的黏粒、粉粒減少,砂粒增多;而非短伐林黏粒、粉粒增加,砂粒減少。
短伐林、椰林土壤表層0~10 cm粒級(jí)組成"粗化";的原因不同