四川省綿陽市2019中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 語法突破篇 語法專題08 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt

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1、綿陽專版 PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇語法專題（八）動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 【中考考點】(1)動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成。(2)動詞的八種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法。(3)動詞的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法。(4)動詞的主動形式表示被動意義的用法。 動詞的時態(tài) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)結(jié)構(gòu):當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。(2)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下:一般情況下直接加-s。如:workworks。以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先變y為i,再加-es。如:carrycarries; crycries; trytries; studys

2、tudies。以s,x,o,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加-es。如:passpasses; fixfixes; gogoes; teachteaches; washwashes。 特殊:havehas?？键c一一般現(xiàn)在時 (3)用法:表示事實、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。常與seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時間狀語連用。I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七點去上學(xué)。表示普遍真理和客

3、觀事實。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的動作。Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 在時間和條件狀語從句中表示將來。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我媽媽有空的話,我將和她去購物。 2.一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句、否定句 考點二一般過去時1.一般過去時的用法及標志詞一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中的謂語動詞要變?yōu)檫^去式。常與yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2016等表示

4、過去的時間狀語連用。2.一般過去時的疑問句和否定句 Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中有什么困難嗎?Were most people busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人忙著謀生嗎? Nowadays some young peoples lifestyle isnt healthy.如今一些年輕人的生活方式不健康。動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則:(1)一般情況下,在動詞原形后加-ed。如:watchwatched。(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞加-d。如:livelived。(3)以“輔音

5、字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,變y為i再加-ed。如:studystudied; carrycarried; crycried。(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed。如: stopstopped; planplanned; preferpreferred。(5)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。 1.一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)結(jié)構(gòu):“助動詞shall/will+動詞原形”或“be going to+動詞原形”。(2)用法:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或未來的狀態(tài),常用的時間狀語有 later(on), soon, in a month(in+時間段), next time,

6、 from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就18歲了。表示某種必然的趨勢。Fish will die without water.沒有水,魚就會死。 考點三一般將來時 (3)will和be going to的區(qū)別:will引導(dǎo)的將來時表示事情沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮而即將發(fā)生,be going to引導(dǎo)的將來時表示事情經(jīng)過事先計劃、考慮而即將發(fā)生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他們將抵達這里。Im going to see a film this afte

7、rnoon.今天下午我要去看電影。 2.一般將來時的肯定句、否定句和疑問句Dont worry.You wont be late.不用擔(dān)心,你不會遲到的。Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京嗎? Who is going to clean the classroom today? 今天誰將打掃教室? 過去將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法1.結(jié)構(gòu): “would+動詞原形”或“was/were+going to+動詞原形”。2.用法:表示從過去的某一時刻看,將要發(fā)生的動作。His uncle said that there would be a good

8、harvest the next year.他叔叔說第二年會有一個好收成?？键c四過去將來時【注意】 在由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,如果主句用過去將來時,那么if從句需用一般過去時代替過去將來時。If he improved his IT skills, he would easily get a job. 如果他提高了自己的IT技能,他就會容易找到工作。 1.現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)結(jié)構(gòu): am/is/are+v.-ing(2)用法:表示目前正在發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用的時間狀語有 now, at the moment 等。當句子中有l(wèi)ook, listen等起提示作用的詞時,

9、后面的句子常用現(xiàn)在進行時。Are you writing an e-mail to your friend now?你現(xiàn)在正在給你的朋友寫電子郵件嗎?Listen! A girl is singing in the next room.聽!有個女孩正在隔壁房間唱歌?？键c五現(xiàn)在進行時 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行,但此刻不一定在進行的動作。We are planting trees these days.這些天我們在植樹。表示位移的動詞的進行時表示動作將要發(fā)生。此類詞有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。They are leaving for Engl

10、and tomorrow afternoon.他們明天下午要去英格蘭。 2.現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句、否定句和疑問句 Mary is listening to music in the next room now. 瑪麗現(xiàn)在正在隔壁房間聽音樂。Jack isnt playing football now.杰克現(xiàn)在沒有在踢足球。Is Mike playing the piano in the room now?邁克現(xiàn)在在房間里彈鋼琴嗎? v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則:(1)一般直接在動詞后加-ing。如:playplaying(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,去e加-ing。如:comecoming; m

11、akemaking; liveliving(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ing。如:runrunning; sitsitting; beginbeginning(4)特殊:diedying; lielying; tietying 考點六過去進行時1.過去進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)結(jié)構(gòu): was/were+v.-ing形式(2)用法:過去進行時主要表示過去某一時間點或某一時間段正在進行的動作。Toms father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.湯姆的爸爸騎自行車時

12、摔倒了,弄傷了自己。(3)常用的時間狀語: at that time/moment, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night等。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十點鐘在做什么? They were building a large house last week.上周他們一直在建造一所大房子。(過去某階段一直在進行的動作) 2.過去進行時的肯定句、否定句和疑問句 I wasnt trying to annoy you. 我沒想要讓你煩惱。

13、Were you working all the weekend? 你整個周末都在工作嗎? 1.結(jié)構(gòu): have/has+動詞的過去分詞(過去分詞的變化規(guī)則基本與過去式的變化規(guī)則相同,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞需單獨記憶)2.用法:(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等連用。I the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。(現(xiàn)在我知道電影的內(nèi)容了)考點七現(xiàn)在完成時have seen (2)表示從過去某一時刻開始并一直持

14、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與“since+時間點”,“since+從句(一般過去時)”,“for+時間段”及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等連用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在過去幾年中,我們種了成千上萬棵樹。So far there no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒有什么壞消息。(3)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 一般過去時只強調(diào)在過去發(fā)生過某事,關(guān)注的

15、是動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式等。而現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,因此,若不強調(diào)某事對現(xiàn)在的影響就不用現(xiàn)在完成時。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了這部電影。(強調(diào)電影是昨天看的) I have already seen the film. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。(強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止看過這部電影了)has been (4)延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中,如果有表示持續(xù)的時間狀語,則要把非延續(xù)性動詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞。I have had the book for two days.這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。(用had而不用bought)I have been in To

16、kyo for two weeks.我已經(jīng)來東京兩周了。(用been in而不用come to) 常見的非延續(xù)性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞:have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp.have becomehave been have got uphave been uphave died have left sp. have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleephave finished/ended/complet

17、ed have marriedhave been married have begun have borrowed have been deadhave been away from sp.have been overhave been onhave kept have boughthave had have caught/got a coldhave had a cold have got to knowhave known have joined the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/

18、the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army (5)have been to, have gone to, have been in的區(qū)別:have been to表示“曾去過某地”,說話時已從該地回來,現(xiàn)在已不在該地;have gone to表示“已經(jīng)去了某地”,說話時已到達某地或在去某地的途中,現(xiàn)在還未回來;have been in表示“已經(jīng)在某地待了多久”,后面跟副詞時不用in。Where is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪兒?She isnt here. She has gone to England.她不在這兒。她去

19、了英格蘭。 1.結(jié)構(gòu):had+動詞的過去分詞2.用法:(1)表示過去的某一時刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也就是“過去的過去”。常以by, before短語或when, before, after, until等引導(dǎo)的從句作為前提。My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老師說她從來沒去過倫敦。When the police arrived, the thieves . 當警察到達時,小偷們已經(jīng)逃跑了。(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時刻的動作或狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成時一樣,過去完成時也常與 how long, for thre

20、e days, before 等表示一段時間的狀語連用。When Jack arrived, he learned Mary for almost an hour. 當杰克到達時,他得知瑪麗已經(jīng)離開差不多一個小時了?？键c八過去完成時 had run awayhad been away 動詞的語態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu):助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(1)一般現(xiàn)在時: 主語+am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞(2)一般過去時: 主語+was/were+動詞的過去分詞(3)一般將來時: 主語+will/shall/be going to+be+動詞的過去分詞(4)現(xiàn)在進行時: 主語+am/is/are+being

21、+動詞的過去分詞(5)現(xiàn)在完成時: 主語+have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞(6)過去進行時: 主語+was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞(7)過去完成時: 主語+had been+動詞的過去分詞 (8)過去將來時: 主語+would be+動詞的過去分詞(9)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài): 主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞考點一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 (10)在使役動詞have, make, let以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作賓語補足語的不定式,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要還原to。Someone saw a

22、 stranger walk into the building.被動結(jié)構(gòu):A stranger was seen into the building.有人看見一個陌生人走進了這座樓。to walk 1.英語中有很多動詞,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth . 這種布料很好洗。注意 主動語態(tài)強調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:The door wont

23、 lock.(指門本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不會有人來鎖門,表示“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)考點二某些動詞的主動形式表達被動意義washes well 2.不及物動詞和動詞短語,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,常以主動形式表達被動意義。How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何出版的呢?3.系動詞沒有被動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來合理。 4.下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的v.-ing是主動形式表達被動意義。

24、(1)need, require作“需要”講時,其后常跟v.-ing形式,但當這些動詞后接不定式時,則必須用被動形式表示被動意義。The bike needs repairing. 這輛自行車需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned.我們的教室需要打掃。(2)be worth doing sth.值得做某事The book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一讀。 對接中考專練用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Betty (work) hard since last term.Thats why her exam results ar

25、e so good! 2.How often does your father exercise?He (exercise) three times a week. 3.Can Mr. King spare some time for the meeting? If he (invite), he will try his best to make it. 4.The children rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell (ring) for the end of class. 5.The earth is a planet and

26、it (go) around the sun. 6.I (wash) the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor. 7.A babys first-month birthday is a special event in China and (celebrate) with a special party. has workedexercisesis invited ranggoeswas washing is celebrated 對接中考專練8.Did you watch the World Cup on TV last night?

27、I wanted to, but my father (watch) his favorite TV program. 9.Teenagers should (encourage) to solve their problems by themselves. 10.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they (allow) to drive a car. 11.My grandparents (marry) for over 30 years and they love each other very much. 12.As China grow

28、s stronger and stronger, Chinese (teach) in more and more schools in the world. 13.He was made (leave) his hometown. 14.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks (appear) in our families in the future. 15.The 24th Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th. was watchinghave been marriedbe encouraged are allowedis taughtwill be heldto leave will appear