（江蘇專(zhuān)版）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)與策略 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)11 名詞-人教版高三全冊(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

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1、專(zhuān)題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(十一)　名詞 高考題組 1．(2016·江蘇高考，24)—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full，definitely. A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt A　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：“你能告訴我們你幸福和長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣(recipe)嗎？”“確切地說(shuō)，要充實(shí)過(guò)好每一天。”A項(xiàng)recipe意為“秘訣”，符合語(yǔ)境。record記錄，檔案；range范圍，界限；receipt收據(jù)，收條。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)

2、號(hào)：57732048】 2．(2015·江蘇高考，32)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A．judgments B．a(chǎn)djustments C．comments D．a(chǎn)chievements B　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：一些學(xué)校將不得不做出調(diào)整，以便和國(guó)家足球改革保持一致。judgment評(píng)價(jià)，看法；adjustment調(diào)整，適應(yīng)；comment評(píng)論，議論；achievement成就，成績(jī)。既然要和國(guó)家足球改革保持一致(in agreement wi

3、th the national soccer reform)，那么就應(yīng)該做出調(diào)整(make adjustments)，故選B項(xiàng)。] 3．(2015·江蘇高考，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave. —I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________． A．requests B．excuses C．a(chǎn)pologies D．regrets C　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：——去向你媽媽道歉，戴夫?！蚁肴ィ覔?dān)心她對(duì)我的道歉不滿(mǎn)意。request要求，請(qǐng)求；excuse理由，借

4、口；apology道歉，致歉；regret懊悔，遺憾。根據(jù)前面的say sorry“道歉”判斷選C項(xiàng)。] 4．(2014·江蘇高考，27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election. A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue A　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：她兩年前被軟禁，但在去年的選舉中仍然是一個(gè)很強(qiáng)勢(shì)的具有代表性的人物。symbol的本義是“象征，符號(hào)，標(biāo)志”，可以引申為“具有某一特性或思想的

5、代表/代表性人物”，符合語(yǔ)境。portrait肖像；identity身份；statue雕像，塑像。] 5．(2016·天津高考，10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight. A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance D　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)多云，今天夜間下雨的可能性(chance)不大。D項(xiàng)chance意為“可能性”，符合語(yǔ)境。effect結(jié)果，效應(yīng)；sense感覺(jué)，理解力；change變化，改變。] 6．

6、(2016·浙江高考，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________． A．condition B．income C．credit D．status C　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：按時(shí)繳付電費(fèi)很重要，因?yàn)橥斫豢赡軙?huì)影響你的信用(credit)。credit意為“信用”，符合語(yǔ)境。condition條件，情況；income收入，收益；status身份，職位。] 7．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective wa

7、ys to reduce________is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. A．production B．stress C．energy D．power B　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：減少________最有效的方式之一就是與你信任的人聊聊感受。與信任的人聊感受可以減少“壓力(stress)”。production(生產(chǎn))，energy(能源，能量)，power(權(quán)力，影響力)，均與語(yǔ)境不符。] 8．(2015·湖北高考，22)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ wh

8、en he went to carry out the secret task. A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．treasure C　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：當(dāng)他去執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)秘密任務(wù)的時(shí)候，他給自己起了一個(gè)新的名字來(lái)隱藏自己的__________。根據(jù)題干中的a new name和the secret task可知，在執(zhí)行秘密任務(wù)的時(shí)候他的“身份(identity)”是保密的。emotion情感；talent天才；treasure財(cái)富。] 9．(2015·福建高考，24)The failure was a big ________ to him, but

9、he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. A．blow B．issue C．excuse D．factor A　[考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：這次失敗對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)大的________，但是他并未感到沮喪并且很快變得和以前一樣充滿(mǎn)熱情。blow打擊；issue問(wèn)題，(報(bào)刊的)期，號(hào)；excuse借口，托辭；factor因素。根據(jù)題干中的but he wasn't discouraged(但是他并未感到沮喪)可推知，這次失敗對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)大的“打擊(blow)”。故答案為A項(xiàng)。] 10．(2015·安徽高考，30)Ther

10、e is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________and then let me know. A．thought B．support C．protection D．a(chǎn)uthority A　[本題結(jié)合名詞詞義辨析考查語(yǔ)境選詞。句意：現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有必要告訴我你的答案。多思考(thought)一下，再讓我知道。support支持；protection保護(hù)；authority權(quán)威。] 模擬題組 1．(2016·南京調(diào)研)—What's up, detective? —I thought the case was off.Eve

11、rything fell into ________ so perfectly.But I'm wrong. A．place B．step C．pieces D．ruins A　[考查名詞。句意：“怎么了，偵探？”“我原以為這起案件結(jié)束了。一切都真相大白了。但是我錯(cuò)了。”fall into place意為“清晰，明朗化，理出頭緒”；fall into step意為“與……合上步伐，步調(diào)一致”；fall into pieces意為“成為碎片，變得破舊”；fall into ruins意為“毀壞，成為廢墟，破敗不堪”。] 2．(2016·南京調(diào)研)We do not have the _

12、_______ and therefore cannot afford the latest computer software. A．supplies B．facilities C．sources D．resources D　[考查名詞。句意：我們沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以負(fù)擔(dān)不起最新的電腦軟件。resource意為“財(cái)力，資源；有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的東西，資料”；supply意為“供應(yīng)，供給，補(bǔ)給”；facility意為“設(shè)施，設(shè)備；場(chǎng)所；天賦，才能”；source意為“來(lái)源，出處；源頭，發(fā)源地；起源，根源，原因”。] 3．(2016·鹽城第一學(xué)期期中考試)College grad

13、uates are caught in an annoying situation between a lack of jobs if they leave and a ____________ on higher education if they stay. A．compromise B．squeeze C．burden D．passion B　[考查名詞。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)生陷入了進(jìn)退兩難的窘境：如果選擇畢業(yè)則缺少工作，如果選擇深造則面臨每個(gè)人獲得高等教育的機(jī)會(huì)減少(繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的人數(shù)增多，會(huì)導(dǎo)致個(gè)人被錄取的幾率降低)。squeeze意為“拮據(jù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)困難；擠壓，擁擠”；compromise

14、意為“妥協(xié)，讓步”；burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)，重負(fù)”；passion意為“激情，熱情；愛(ài)好，酷愛(ài)”。] 4．(2016·鎮(zhèn)江第一學(xué)期期中考試)The Chinese women's volleyball team won the 2016 Olympic Games victory, which was beyond our wildest ________． A．inspirations B．expectations C．invitations D．cooperations B　[考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)女子排球隊(duì)贏(yíng)得了2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的勝利，這是我們做夢(mèng)都沒(méi)有想到的。beyond one

15、's wildest expectations/dreams為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)出乎所料，大大超出希望，做夢(mèng)都沒(méi)有想到”。expectation意為“期望，預(yù)期”；inspiration意為“靈感，啟發(fā)；激勵(lì)，鼓舞”；invitation意為“邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)柬”；cooperation意為“合作，協(xié)作”。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：57732049】 5．(2016·蘇北四市摸底)Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize in Medicine for her discoveries that helped doctors fight malaria and ____________ cause

16、d by roundworm parasites. A．injections B．infections C．prescriptions D．presentations B　[考查名詞辨析。句意：屠呦呦因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)了有助于醫(yī)生治療瘧疾以及蛔蟲(chóng)寄生蟲(chóng)感染的方法而獲得了諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)空格后面的caused by roundworm parasites可知，infections意為“感染”，符合語(yǔ)境。injection意為“注射”；prescription意為“處方”；presentation意為“展示；呈現(xiàn)”。] 6．(2016·蘇北四市摸底)In spite of his _______

17、_ to be a scholar in that field, he is not well equipped with that talent. A．potential B．competence C．a(chǎn)mbition D．character C　[考查名詞辨析。句意：雖然他有著想在那個(gè)領(lǐng)域里面成為學(xué)者的雄心壯志，但是他缺乏那種才智。potential意為“潛力”；competence意為“能力；勝任”；ambition意為“野心；雄心；抱負(fù)”；character意為“性格”。根據(jù)題干后半句he is not well equipped with that talent可知，只有C項(xiàng)符

18、合語(yǔ)境。] 7．(2016·南京、鹽城一模)A worldwide ________ to healthier diets is one of many actions that need to be taken to avoid dangerous climate change. A．shift B．a(chǎn)dmission C．witness D．response A　[考查名詞。句意：全世界轉(zhuǎn)向更健康的飲食是避免危險(xiǎn)的氣候變化所必須采取的諸多行動(dòng)之一。shift意為“改變，轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)換”；admission意為“承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；入場(chǎng)費(fèi)”；witness意為“證人，目擊者”；resp

19、onse意為“回答，回應(yīng)”。] 8．(2016·南京、鹽城一模)Beijing has set the city's population ____________ at 23 million by 2020 due to water scarcity and big city diseases such as traffic jam. A．budget B．ceiling C．explosion D．standard B　[考查名詞。句意：由于水資源短缺和諸如交通擁堵之類(lèi)的“大城市病”，北京已經(jīng)將2020年的人口上限確定為2 300萬(wàn)。ceiling意為“上限，最高限度”；bud

20、get意為“預(yù)算”；explosion意為“爆炸；激增”；standard意為“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，水平”。] 9．(2016·南通第一次調(diào)研)—Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem. —You know, music is the source of ____________ in life. A．inspiration B．identification C．reaction D．recreation A　[考查名詞。句意：“西蒙每次遇到數(shù)學(xué)難題都會(huì)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)?！薄澳阒赖模谏钪幸魳?lè)是靈感的來(lái)

21、源?！眎nspiration意為“靈感，啟發(fā)；激勵(lì)，鼓舞”；identification意為“識(shí)別，鑒定，確認(rèn)；身份證明”；reaction意為“反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)”；recreation意為“消遣，娛樂(lè)”。] 10．(2016·南通、連云港二模)Children enjoying parents' ____________ during their growth tend to have better living habits than left－behind children. A．company B．compromise C．command D．comprehension A　

22、[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中有父母陪伴的孩子往往比留守兒童有更好的生活習(xí)慣。company“陪伴”；compromise“妥協(xié)，讓步”；command“命令”；comprehension“理解力”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，選A項(xiàng)。] 11．(2016·南京、鹽城二模)Estella showed me the way with a candle.When she opened the side entrance, the ____________ of the daylight quite confused me. A．trend B．rush C．crash D．increase

23、B　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Estella用蠟燭給我引路。當(dāng)她打開(kāi)側(cè)門(mén)時(shí)，突然照入的陽(yáng)光使我眩暈。trend趨勢(shì)；rush沖，猛烈移動(dòng)；crash碰撞，崩潰；increase增加。此處形容外面的陽(yáng)光一開(kāi)門(mén)的時(shí)候突然照射進(jìn)來(lái)，rush符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。] 12．(2016·揚(yáng)州一模)The proposals deserve support as the needs of children should be given ____________ to. A．priority B．preference C．privilege D．promotion A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這

24、些提議應(yīng)該得到支持，因?yàn)楹⒆拥男枰獞?yīng)該被給予優(yōu)先考慮。preference偏好，偏愛(ài)；privilege特權(quán)；promotion提升，晉升，推銷(xiāo)，均不符合語(yǔ)境。priority優(yōu)先權(quán)，孩子的需要應(yīng)該被給予優(yōu)先考慮，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。] 13．(2016·泰州二模)As is often the case, teachers' ____________ with parents involve complaints about children's misbehavior and laziness in school. A．a(chǎn)cquaintances B．n

25、egotiations C．conferences D．consultations C　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：老師跟家長(zhǎng)的討論都有著他們對(duì)孩子在學(xué)校的不良行為和懶散的不滿(mǎn)，這是經(jīng)常的事情。acquaintance認(rèn)識(shí)的人，熟人；negotiation協(xié)商，談判；consultation咨詢(xún)，磋商。conference會(huì)議，討論，符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。] 14．(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模)Since it is common ____________ to copy others' designs, the Council of Fashion Designers has rece

26、ntly urged the government to pass laws to protect designers' rights. A．practice B．standard C．sense D．a(chǎn)ctivity A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于抄襲他人的設(shè)計(jì)是一種慣例，最近時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)者委員會(huì)敦促政府通過(guò)法律保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)者的權(quán)益。standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；sense意識(shí)，感覺(jué)；common sense常識(shí)；activity活動(dòng)。common practice慣例，通常的做法，符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)。] 15．(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well，you know, English is my ____________．So it is my best choice. A．talent B．strength C．a(chǎn)bility D．skill B　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：——你為什么選擇去一家國(guó)際旅行機(jī)構(gòu)工作呢？——哦，你知道的，英語(yǔ)是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。所以這是我的最佳選擇。talent天賦；ability能力；skill技巧。strength長(zhǎng)處，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。]