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1、專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(四)　推理判斷之推測(cè)隱含信息 A (2020·武漢市部分學(xué)校質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)) Almost every new parent will say adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career. Now，a new study backs that up with some astonishing numbers：After science，technology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) professionals become parents，43% of wome

2、n and 23% of men switch fields, make a transition(轉(zhuǎn)變) to part-time workers，or leave the workforce entirely. Many researchers and parents already knew that STEM can be unwelcoming to parents，particularly mothers.“But the considerable departure was astonishing，”says Erin Cech，an assistant professor o

3、f sociology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and the lead author of the study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.For both genders，the proportions are higher than we expected. “The surprisingly high reduction rate for men also highlights that parenthood in STEM is

4、 not just a mother's issue；it's a worker's issue，”Cech says.She hopes that the findings might promote changes，such as more paid parental leave from both the government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine.“We are not suggesting that people who wan

5、t families should avoid STEM；that's not the solution，”she emphasizes. By 2018，78% of new fathers were still working in STEM，and the vast majority worked full-time.For new mothers，68% were still in STEM，but only 57% worked full-time.For professionals without children，on the other hand，84% of men and

6、 76% of women were predicted to still be working in STEM full-time in 2018.For the new parents across all fields，16% of women were working part-time and 15% had left the workforce，as compared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，for men.These sharp differences make it clear that even though the reductio

7、n rate for new fathers is higher than expected，new mothers still face particular career challenges. 【語篇解讀】　一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，養(yǎng)育孩子對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程以及數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士的工作有著很大的影響。這些領(lǐng)域的很多專業(yè)人士，尤其是女性，因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)育孩子而不再從事本領(lǐng)域的工作，或轉(zhuǎn)為兼職或離職。因此，研究者希望該研究結(jié)果能促進(jìn)變革，如政府和雇主給更長(zhǎng)的帶薪育兒假，政策也應(yīng)該支持彈性工作時(shí)間。 1．What makes many STEM employees change their jobs?

8、 A．Worrying about their family. B．The attraction of part-time jobs. C．Being tired of the former jobs. D．The heavy burden at home and work. D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Almost every new parent will say adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career”并結(jié)合常識(shí)和該段的其他內(nèi)容可推知，養(yǎng)育孩子增加了科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程以及數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士的壓

9、力，由于沉重的家庭壓力和工作壓力，他們被迫換工作，故D項(xiàng)正確。] 2．Which statement may Erin Cech agree with? A．Working at home may be a popular choice. B．Increasing welfare may keep STEM parents. C．People with families should leave STEM. D．STEM professionals should obey the rules. B　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“She hopes that the finding

10、s might promote changes, such as more paid parental leave from both the government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine”可知，Cech希望這些研究結(jié)果能促進(jìn)變革，比如政府和雇主能給予職工更長(zhǎng)的帶薪育兒假，出臺(tái)更支持彈性工作時(shí)間的政策。據(jù)此可推知，Cech支持提高在科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程以及數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域工作的父母的福利待遇，故B項(xiàng)正確。] 3．How many new

11、mothers among all the labor force worked full-time in 2018? A．69%. 　　　　 B．76%. C．57%. D．31%. A　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“For the new parents across all fields, 16% of women were working part-time and 15% had left the workforce”可知，就所有領(lǐng)域的新生兒父母而言，16%的女性從事兼職工作，15%的女性已經(jīng)離開了工作崗位。據(jù)此可知，2018年69%的新生兒母親從事全職工

12、作，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 4．What does the author want to stress by listing the sharp differences? A．Too many new fathers leave STEM. B．It's hard for new mothers to make a balance. C．STEM jobs are no longer popular. D．It's impossible to have a successful career. B　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的最后兩句可知，就所有領(lǐng)域的新生兒父母而言，16%的女性從事兼

13、職工作，15%的女性已經(jīng)離開了工作崗位。這兩種情況在男性中的比例分別只有2%和3%，這些明顯的差異表明盡管新生兒父親兼職或離職率高于預(yù)期，但新生兒母親仍然面臨著特別的職業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)。據(jù)此可推知，作者列舉這些明顯的差異，旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)新生兒母親很難平衡工作和家庭，故B項(xiàng)正確。] B The world can be a scary place when you're young.It can be even scarier when you're a young little blue penguin(企鵝)，the tiniest of the penguin species.Luckily，ther

14、e are some humans willing to help.They stepped in to protect Billy，a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch，New Zealand. Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay，near Sumner，in Christchurch，the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crow

15、d while he was bicycling that afternoon，and he biked home to get his camera.When he returned to the scene，he found that the penguin had received a little sign，one that read“Hi，I'm waiting for my mum to come back.DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I'm here.Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.

16、Thanks，Billy the baby blue penguin.” Billy didn't move away from the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy，though they were surprised to see it on the beach.“It's unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day，”Anita Spencer，a DOC senior ranger，tol

17、d Stuff. Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin，and is around 2 months old.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams，less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh aroun

18、d 900 grams at this age.Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram. The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice，before it's set free into the ocean. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了一只小藍(lán)企鵝在人們的幫助下最終得救的故事。 5．Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin? A．It is a ra

19、re species. B．It faces potential danger. C．It is surrounded by the crowd. D．It is threatened by dogs. B　[考查推理判斷。 根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)有人在那只小藍(lán)企鵝旁邊豎立了一個(gè)牌子警示人們不要打擾它，不要讓狗靠近它。由此可推知，對(duì)于那只小藍(lán)企鵝來講，這個(gè)世界是可怕的，因?yàn)樗媾R著一些潛在的危險(xiǎn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 6．It can be inferred from the text tha

20、t Billy ． A．is a male penguin B．has expressed its thanks C．weighs less for its age D．prefers living on the beach C　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中第三、四句可知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝體重只有550克，而處于它這個(gè)年齡的小藍(lán)企鵝的體重應(yīng)達(dá)到900克左右。由此可推知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝的體重低于它這個(gè)年齡的小藍(lán)企鵝的體重。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 7．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved”

21、in Paragraph 4? A．Ignored.　　　　 B．Cured. C．Given away. D．Brought back. D　[考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝是從沙灘上被帶到克賴斯特徹奇的一個(gè)企鵝康復(fù)中心的。由此可推知，畫線詞與brought back“帶回”意思相近。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 8．What will happen to Billy in the center? A．It will be reported to Stuff. B．It will be visited by the locals. C．It will be taken go

22、od care of. D．It will be fed with fruit juice. C　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，在這只小藍(lán)企鵝被放回海洋之前，康復(fù)中心會(huì)幫助它增加一些體重。由此可推知，在這個(gè)企鵝康復(fù)中心，這只小藍(lán)企鵝會(huì)得到很好的照顧。故C項(xiàng)正確。] C (2019·湖南省六校聯(lián)考) Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plasti

23、c in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho. It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the

24、membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to pac

25、kage units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environ

26、ment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention. The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbl

27、es has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on. Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investor

28、s in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪費(fèi)金錢，還造成環(huán)境污染，Skipping Rocks Lab發(fā)明了一種可以食用的包裝

29、材料Ooho。本文介紹了Ooho的食用方法，運(yùn)輸方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市場(chǎng)前景。 9．How is most plastic dealt with in America? A．It's sold.　　　　 B．It's recycled. C．It's buried. D．It's wasted. D　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，在美國只有23%的塑料最終回到了回收站，這意味著價(jià)值超過10億美元的塑料被視為垃圾。據(jù)此可知，在美國，大部分塑料被當(dāng)成垃圾處理了，故D項(xiàng)正確。] 10．Why did the team invent Ooho? A．To make a pr

30、ofit for a company. B．To protect the environment. C．To make people eat as they drink. D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle. B　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段尾句可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了環(huán)境，故Skipping Rocks Lab發(fā)明了一種可以食用的包裝材料Ooho，故B項(xiàng)正確。] 11．What can we infer about Ooho from the text? A．It is easy and safe to ship it in l

31、arge amounts. B．It has become popular since it began to be sold. C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles. D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology. C　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，該產(chǎn)品的制造成本比塑料瓶低；據(jù)此可推知，該產(chǎn)品的售價(jià)也可能比塑料瓶低，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 12．What does the author really want to say in t

32、he last paragraph? A．Ooho is to be a success in the future. B．Ooho is being supported by smart people. C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now. D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors. A　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)尾段第一句可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天時(shí)間內(nèi)就得到了1 000位投資者的關(guān)注，籌集到100多萬美元；再結(jié)合最后一句可推知，作者最后一段想要表達(dá)的是，在未來Ooho一定能獲得成功，故A項(xiàng)正確。]