Unit 9 知識要點歸納

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1、 Unit 9 Technology 知識要點： Ⅰ．Functional Sentences: It’s a good idea to… I agree with you. Yes, it certainly is. That’s quite true. If we go on polluting the world, it won’t be fit for us to live in. Ⅱ．Useful Words And Expressions? damage 毀壞、損害 lectures about (= on) pollution…關(guān)

2、于污染…的演講 go on ( = continue, keep) doing sth 繼續(xù)做同一件事 be fit (= suitable) for sb to do sth 適合于某人做某事 agree with sb 同意某人的意見（觀點） have got (= have) go to sth 不得不做…… think of ways of doing (= to do) sth 想出做某事的方法 pay special / much / little / no attention to (doing ) sth 特別（很，不太，不）注意（做） 某事 m

3、uch room left 剩下許多空間 turn…in to… 把…變成… plenty of… 大量，許多 in the heart of … 在… 中心（腹地） cattle 牛（總稱），家畜 cause 原（起）因 the number of … …的數(shù)目 fail to do sth 沒有（能夠）做… limit 限制，減少 be gradually lost 逐漸流失 cut down trees 砍伐樹木 hold (keep) sth in place 保持…在原來的地方

4、 blow away 刮走 power station 電站 fall to the ground 降落地面 a cloud of… 一團 time and time again (= now and then) 不時，有時，偶爾 the injured 受傷的人 hundreds of thousands of…… 成千上萬… lose one’s sight (= become blind) 雙目失明 one harrow entrance to the ocean 一個狹窄的通往大洋的入口 square kilo

5、metres 平方公里 die out 消失，滅亡 It is thought / said / reported / believed that… 據(jù)認(rèn)為 / 據(jù)說 / 據(jù)報導(dǎo)… an average of one kind 平均有一種 per day / every day / daily 每天 used to do sth 過去常常做… many reasons for animals dying out 動物絕種的許多原因 either…or… 要么…要么；或者…或者 in all (= altogether)

6、 總共 no more than (= only) 僅僅 a total of …的總數(shù)（總額） go on an organized trip to a place 對…進行有組織的旅行 wild life (= wild animals) 野生動物 two and a half hours ( = two hours and a half) 兩個半小時 printed question papers 印制好的問卷紙 fill in 填寫（入） next to a fallen tree 一棵倒下的大樹旁 put…into… 把…放/裝入

7、… go off (= leave) separately 分頭離開 be lost (= lose one’s way / lose oneself) 迷路 do tests 檢驗 be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做… take a photograph (photographs) of… 給…拍照片 point to… 指著（向）… to one’s joy 令人高興的是 Look exactly / just like… 看起來與…一模一樣 a suggested answer 一條參考答案

8、 a mixed group 一個男女生混合組 a wasted journey 一次徒勞的旅行 Ⅲ．Important Words And Expressions: 1、damage 1) n. harm, loss or injury 損失（害） 2) v. cause damage to 損害 ①cause / do damage (to) … The earthquake caused much damage ②The hotel was slightly / badly damaged. 2、fit adj. 1) suitabl

9、e for sb; good enough for sb / sth 合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)? 2) in good health 健康的 3) v. be the right shape and size for (sb) 合適，合身 4) n. way in which sth esp. a garment fits. 合身的 1) The food was not fit to eat. 2) I’m always very fit. 3) The skirt fitted her well. 4) The coat was a good fit. 比

10、：fit sb與be fit for sb sth fit sb指大小尺寸合適；be fit for sb指合乎某種身份，標(biāo)準(zhǔn) The clothes fit her well, but it isn’t fit for her. 3、Cattle與police一樣，只用作復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞，只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。People 意為“人民 / 人們”時，只有復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng) people意為“民族”有單復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)別。 1) Cattle feed on grass. 2) The police are after the missing child. 3) Peo

11、ple are working hard. 4、cause: n 1)是造成一種結(jié)果的原因。意為“引起…的原因”，常與of連用； 2) 其近義詞是reason，是說明或證明一種結(jié)果的理由，單純強調(diào)原因，常 與for連用。 3) vt. be the cause of…, make happy 造成…；使發(fā)生。 1) Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 2) She didn’t give any reasons for leaving. 3) The cold weath

12、er caused the plants to die. 4) He caused his parents much unhappiness. 5、limit: 1) n. the most that is allowed 限度，限量 2) vt. set a limit or limits to sb / sth 限制，限定 3) limited adj. few or small 有限的，少的，小的 1) There is a limit to everything. 詞組有：go beyond / over limit 超過限度，without

13、limit 無限度地 within the limits of 在…范圍內(nèi)， within limits 有限制地 2) We must try and limit our spending. 3) Our time is rather limited. 6、in place 1) in the usual or proper position 在平常的或應(yīng)在的地方 2) suitable 合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹? 反義為：out of place 1) She likes everything to be in place before she st

14、arts work. 2) What he said is in place. 7、die out 1) (of a family, species, etc.) no longer have any members left alive (指家 族、物種等)死光，絕種 2) (of a custom, practice, etc.) no longer be common. (指習(xí)俗，做法等)消 失，過 時 3) go out 1) This kind of animal is being des

15、troyed and it has nearly died out. 2)The old traditions are dying out. 3) The fire died out die of / from… 死于… die away 逐漸消失 die off 相繼死去 die down 逐漸減弱 die for … 為…而死，極想，渴望 8、to one’s joy 是一種常用的句型，意思是“令人高興的是…”在句中作獨立成 分，其后跟的句子就是使人高興的事。 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有： to one’s disappo

16、intment 令人失望的是 to one’s relief 令人感到寬慰的是 to one’s surprise 令人吃驚的是 to one’s delight 令人高興的是 1) To the students’ joy (= To the joy of the students), all of them have passed the 2) college entrance examination. 2) To the mother’s relief, the child came back safely. 9、I agree with you.

17、 agree表同意，贊同，達成協(xié)議（在多數(shù)情況下作不及物動詞）；常見短語有agree with / on / to，注意它們的區(qū)別 1) agree with 同意某人的意見，介詞with的賓語常為sb / idea / what sb said. 2) agree on表在某一點或某一具體事情上有相同意見，這時agree的主語多 為復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“較…取得一致意見” 3) agree to同意某一建議、安排等，to的賓語常為一些抽象名詞(如plan, suggestion, proposal…)

18、4) agree to do sth. 1) I’m sorry I don’t agree with you / your idea / what you said. 2) They agreed on the date / place for the meeting. 3) We all agreed to the arrangement / plan / suggestion. 4) He agreed to let me go home early. 10、We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits

19、 have got to do sth = have to do sth. way n. 1)“方法，手段，方式”have a way 2) “方向” 3)“路線，路途” 4)“距離，路程” 1) The chemistry teacher had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting 2) Look this way, please. 3) You’d better ask the police the way to the station. 4)

20、Shanghai is a Long way from here. 詞組：by the way 順便問一下 all the way一路上 by way of 途徑 in the / one’s way 擋路 11、It is thought that in the next 40 years as many as 100000 people will die in Russia as a result of illness此結(jié)構(gòu)中it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語，其句型為： 1) It is thought / said / report

21、ed / believed / well—known etc. + that… 表“據(jù)認(rèn)為 / 據(jù)說 / 報導(dǎo)”等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)等同于下列結(jié)構(gòu)： People think / say / report / believe … etc. + that… 或: sb is thought / said / reported / believed … etc. + 不定式 以上三種結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互替換： It is said that he has been abroad = People say that he has been abroad. = He is sai

22、d to have been abroad. 2) as many as 100000 people 多達10萬人 as much as 10 tons 多達10噸 as high as 1.8 meters 高達1.8米 as deep as 5 meters 深達5米 注：as far as the river 直到河邊 The doctor will do as much as he can to save the baby. 12、There are many reasons for animals’ dying out, but… ani

23、mals’ 在語法上叫做動名詞的邏輯主語，也可改為 animals，因為在句中動名詞的邏輯主語可由“物主代詞 / 代詞賓格 / 名詞所有格 / 名詞普通格”構(gòu)成。但在句首只能由“物主代詞 / 名詞所有格”構(gòu)成。 1) Do you mind my / me / Tom’s / Tom closing the window? 2) The students’ / their knowing English well helped them in learning English. Ⅳ．Grammar: 代表語和定語的過去分詞的用法： 1、過去分詞可以用來作表語。過去分詞做表語

24、常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 （現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語所具有的特征。） 如： He is delighted at the news. We are satisfied with the result. The door remained locked. The story is exciting We are excited after seeing the film. 2、有些過去分詞用作表語時，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動結(jié)構(gòu)。被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個動 作，過去分詞做表語表主語所處的狀態(tài)。 如：The glass is broken. (狀態(tài))

25、The glass was broken by me. (動作及動作發(fā)出者) 3、過去分詞可以用來作定語： 1)過去分詞做定語可以表示動作完成了。（現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示一個正在進行 的動作） 如：developed country (developing country)發(fā)達國家（發(fā)展中國家） fallen leaves (rising sun)落葉（冉冉升起的太陽） 2) 過去分詞做定語可以表示所修飾名詞的狀態(tài)。（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示它所修 飾名詞的性質(zhì)、特征。） His surprised look suggested t

26、hat he had not expected that. His surprising look made me surprised. 3) 某些動詞只用過去分詞做定語，不用現(xiàn)在分詞形式做定語。 如：learned professor (博學(xué)的教授) advanced mathematics (高等數(shù)學(xué)) skilled / experienced / practised doctor (技藝嫻熟的 / 有經(jīng)驗的 / 有實踐經(jīng) 驗的醫(yī)生) 本單元出現(xiàn)的分詞如下： 1、過去分詞作定語： 1) One suggested answer is for

27、 farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle. 2) Our class went on an organized trip to a forest… 3) We were given printed question papers. 4) Whenever we found an unknown plant, we had to… 5) Our monitor and I remembered a programme that a well-known film director had made… 6) S

28、he said it was a well-kept secret. 7) We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a fallen tree. 2、過去分詞作表語： 1) One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted 2) We were all very interested to see the results. 3) He must be lost. 1. agree to do sth. agree on 就――達成一致 agr

29、ee to +n.（plan, suggestion, arrangement）同意計劃、觀點等 agree with sb./what one said 同意某人 2. It (all) depends.=That (all) depends. 那得看情況（而定）。 depend on/upon +n. + to do sth. 依賴；指望；視――而定，取決于 3. be worth +n. /doing(no passive voice) be worthy to do/of +n./doing/being done 4. on the go 忙個不停；四處奔走；跑來跑去 5

30、. more than 不僅僅 6. add to 增加 add in （可分開用）包括，算進 add---to---把――添加/增加到――－ add up to（不可用進行式或被動語態(tài)）總計共達；總之就是，意味著 add up （可分開用）合計，加起來；（口語）言之成理（不可用進行式） eg, add the figures up If you add two and/to five, you get seven. The news added to his anxiety. These figures add up to fifty. His r

31、emarks added up to a condemnation of my plan. 7. remind sb. about/of sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. + that clause 8. (not) dare to do dare (not) do 9. seem to be that seem + adj. seem to do It seems that--- It seems as if--- 10. have a need to do= need to do sth. 11. stay in touch

32、 with=keep in touch with 和――保持聯(lián)系 12. no matter where引導(dǎo)讓步壯語從句 ＝whatever whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句和名次性從句（主語從句、賓語從句） 13. call for 要求、需要 14. in case在――情況下，萬一――的話；以免，免得 in case of萬一，如果；在――情況下 in any case 無論如何，反正，不管怎樣 in no case 決不，在任何情況下都不 15. will be wearing將來進行時 表示將來某段時間一直進行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài) 16. according to 按照；根據(jù)――所說 17. take over接收；接管 18. break down毀掉；壞掉；中止 19. come up with 提出，給出 20. take steps to do sth. 采取措施做――