電大【醫(yī)院管理學】重點參考小抄

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1、專業(yè)好文檔 *醫(yī)療事故：醫(yī)療機構及醫(yī)務人員在醫(yī)療活動中，違反醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生管理法規(guī)、行政法規(guī)、部門規(guī)章和診療護理規(guī)范、常規(guī)，過失造成患者人身損害的事故 *醫(yī)療事故的構成要件必須具備以下幾個方面：1）醫(yī)療事故的主體必須是醫(yī)療機構及其醫(yī)務人員 2）醫(yī)療事故發(fā)生在醫(yī)療活動中 3）造成醫(yī)療事故的行為存在違法性4）醫(yī)療機構及其醫(yī)務人員在主觀上存在過失 5)過失行為和損害后果之間存在因果關系 *醫(yī)療糾紛：醫(yī)療糾紛是指醫(yī)患雙方對診療過程發(fā)生的不良后果及其產生原因認識不一致而發(fā)生的爭議 基本醫(yī)療的界定：基本診療技術、基本藥物、基本設施和基本償付費用 *醫(yī)學技術評估評價功效性與安全性讀額方法：1）臨床前期

2、評價法 2）非正規(guī)的臨床評價法 3）流行病學評價法 4）臨床對照實驗發(fā) 5）正規(guī)綜合法 *首診負責制：指首次接診病員的科室和醫(yī)師對病員的檢查、診斷、治療和搶救均應承擔責任制度 醫(yī)療服務質量：醫(yī)療服務質量是指醫(yī)療服務消費者實際感知的醫(yī)療服務水平(即體驗的服務質量)與他們對服務質量的期望(即期望的服務質量)之間的對比。 *《國際醫(yī)院評審標準》：（一）以患者為中心的標準：1）醫(yī)療服務的可及性和連續(xù)性 2）患者及其家屬的權利 3）患者病情的評估 4）患者的治療 5）患者及其家屬的教育 （二）醫(yī)療機構管理標準：1）質量改進與患者安全 2）感染的預防與控制 3）管理體制，領導和指導 4）設施管理與

3、安全 5）員工的資質與教育 6）信息的管理 *臨床藥師：以系統(tǒng)藥學專業(yè)知識為基礎，具有一定的臨床醫(yī)學知識，熟悉對藥物性能與作用，了解疾病治療要求與特點，參與合理用藥方案設計與保障。具有臨床藥學碩士學位，或臨床藥學學士學位并在醫(yī)院工作3年以上，或藥學專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)，在醫(yī)院工作獲得中級職稱的藥學技術人員擔任 *醫(yī)院感染：住院病人在醫(yī)院內獲得的感染，包括在住院期間發(fā)生的感染或醫(yī)院內獲得出院后發(fā)生的感染，但不包括如愿前已經開始或住院時已經處于潛伏期的感染。醫(yī)院工作人員在院內獲得的感染也屬于醫(yī)院感染 醫(yī)院感染的類型：1）外源性感染 2）內源性感染 醫(yī)院感染的危險因素：宿主因素，病原體因素，

4、環(huán)境因素 *醫(yī)院質量管理的三級結構：院級質量管理，科室管理，個人崗位工作人員 注意填空題第一章和第二章比較多 其他重點老師說不能全給 （*號為必考，老師說的） 臨床藥師和醫(yī)院感染重點部分有發(fā)散性，自己多看看 Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is

5、 still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA. Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day. Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top t

6、ry scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight. But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of b

7、ecoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011. "Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head

8、of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport. "For me its about how he felt

9、and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was." Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation

10、 into the referees actions. CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. Th

11、e weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) wh

12、ere our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e

13、can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make th

14、e same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester. Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament. That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-co

15、oked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then. They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorou

16、s stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates. It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final. In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugb

17、y league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday. The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence. They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.