（全國用）2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第一節(jié) 六大解題技巧

《（全國用）2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第一節(jié) 六大解題技巧》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（全國用）2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第一節(jié) 六大解題技巧（8頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 專題一 閱讀理解 第一節(jié)　六大解題技巧 一、關(guān)鍵信息定位法 (2017全國Ⅰ，A片段) Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to

2、 the Laser Dome. 21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. C．At the Laser Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“souvenir” 可將答案鎖定在Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store這一部分；再根據(jù)本段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Buildin

3、g 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知Pacific Science Center的購物點(diǎn)在Laser Dome旁邊的3號(hào)樓上，故選B。 點(diǎn)津　解答這類題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子。如該句中出現(xiàn)了but，however，yet，while等表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語及in addition，furthermore，besides，moreover，what’s more，most of all，most importantly，especially等表遞進(jìn)的詞語，后面往往為關(guān)鍵信息，是正確答案。但要與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，最終確定答案。該

4、方法運(yùn)用的前提是在題干中找到定位關(guān)鍵詞。該方法多用于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 (2016全國Ⅰ，A片段) Rosa Parks(1913—2005) On December 1,1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，an

5、d kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks. 23．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U．S.? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O’Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在Rosa Par

6、ks這一部分，再根據(jù)本段中的“But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott...and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks推動(dòng)了美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 二、關(guān)鍵詞法 (2017全國Ⅰ，A片段) Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in s

7、cience，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. 22．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A．Train science teachers. B．Distribute sc

8、ience books. C．Inspire scientific research. D．Take science to the classroom. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由標(biāo)題及該段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知此處的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)是“science

9、”，太平洋科學(xué)中心把基于探究的科學(xué)教育帶入課堂。 點(diǎn)津　半數(shù)以上的文章會(huì)在文章的第一段或最后一段直接給出主題關(guān)鍵詞，且常是首句；還有部分文章在第一段或最后一段間接給出主題關(guān)鍵詞，正確答案與主題關(guān)鍵詞有高度的重合性：形似、意似。 (2016全國Ⅰ，D片段) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may als

10、o show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. 32．What

11、 does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。由第一段第一句及下文給出的沉默在不同文化中代表不同含義的例子可知，作者認(rèn)為不同文化對(duì)于沉默的解讀是有很大差異的，即它與特定的文化有關(guān)。此處的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)是“cultural”。因此答案為C。 三、題段一致法 (2017全國Ⅰ，A片段) It’s an amaz

12、ing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 23．What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A．To encourage donatio

13、ns. B．To advertise coming events. C．To introduce special exhibits. D．To tell about the Center’s history. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)該部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁讀者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)橹峁┚柚?。故選A。 點(diǎn)津　按照文章的發(fā)展順序設(shè)置題目，是目前最主要

14、的出題方法。這種出題方法最簡單，最容易操作，因此為命題者所偏愛。學(xué)生則應(yīng)按照文章的段落順序依次進(jìn)行解答，沒有必要百分之百讀懂整篇文章，沒有必要從頭到尾把全文讀一遍，按照這一定律，邊看題干，邊看原文，從而快速解題。 (2016四川，B片段) Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and co

15、ntinues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. 27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health

16、 is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知最窮的人的生活將會(huì)變得更好。故選A。 四、釋義法 (2017全國Ⅰ，D片段) To

17、 construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the

18、cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. 33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still. C．The hole. D．The cup. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段描述可知，制作一個(gè)蒸餾器裝置，需要挖一個(gè)四英尺寬、三英尺深的洞，要盡量在潮濕的地方挖洞來提高the water catcher的生產(chǎn)力，結(jié)合全文可知，提高的

19、應(yīng)該是整個(gè)蒸餾器裝置的生產(chǎn)力，故選B項(xiàng)。 點(diǎn)津　詞匯量小是制約學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要因素。詞義猜測(cè)的具體技巧如下：根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)常識(shí)或背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。 (2016全國Ⅰ，C片段) I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，I’ve done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 ho

20、urs to carry stem cells(干細(xì)胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we’ve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time. 29．Which of the

21、 following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? A．provider B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段第二句中的“I’ve done 89 trips”及第三句中的“carry stem cells”可知，作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人，所以選B項(xiàng)。 五、掃讀法 (2017全國Ⅰ，B片段) The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I

22、 put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down. 26．What made the chick calm down? A．A new nest. B．Some food. C．A recording. D．Its parents. 答案　A 解析　 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。掃讀全文，可確定該段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and

23、 it quickly calmed down.”為解題的關(guān)鍵信息。由此可知，作者為貓頭鷹幼雛做的新鳥巢讓它很快就安靜下來。故選A。 點(diǎn)津　掃讀不是簡單地走馬觀花，而是在保證快速、高效的前提下，鎖定關(guān)鍵信息：(1)注意特征詞，如：luckily，unfortunately，as a result，besides等；(2)注意時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：yesterday，last year，today，now等；(3)找主線：文章的主線往往是文章的中心思想或者作者對(duì)文中所論述的事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等。 (2016四川，D) A warm drink of milk before bed has lon

24、g been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anx

25、iety. The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collec

26、ted during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been sugge

27、sted to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best

28、 choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 34．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat，Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health 答案　A 解析

29、　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要說明了喝夜間擠的牛奶與睡眠之間的關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)A 是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。 35．How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By stating arguments. C．By explaining statistical data. D．By providing research results. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。詳讀全文，可以看出作者是通過提供研究成果來支持文章主題的，故選D項(xiàng)。 六、位置特征法 (2017全國Ⅰ，B片段) I wor

30、k with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful. 24．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work

31、 according to Paragraph 1? A．Efforts made in vain. B．Getting injured in his work. C．Feeling uncertain about his future. D．Creatures forced out of their homes. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)該段中的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知救助野生動(dòng)物的工作有時(shí)讓

32、人悲傷，因?yàn)椴荒鼙ＷC野生動(dòng)物會(huì)存活下來，即我們的努力有可能白費(fèi)。故選A。 點(diǎn)津　正確答案的位置：位于介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、從句、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、虛擬語氣等結(jié)構(gòu)中。其中定語從句和狀語從句一般都是重點(diǎn)觀察主句，而賓語從句則考查從句較多。對(duì)于一些常見的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，就近原則的一般后半部分重要，就遠(yuǎn)原則的一般前面重要。 正確答案的特征：一般情況下，中心思想，論述事物所持的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是答案；絕對(duì)的不是答案，商量口氣的是答案；斷章取義的不是答案，概括性的是答案；具體的不是答案，抽象的是答案；含有明確因果關(guān)系的常是答案；消極負(fù)面的不是答案，正面積極的是答案；長句難句里常有正確答案等。 (2017全國Ⅰ，D片

33、段) Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圓錐體) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over，and no more than three inches abo

34、ve，the cup. 34．What is the last step of constructing a working solar still? A．Dig a hole of a certain size. B．Put the cup in place. C．Weight the sheet’s center down. D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 答案　C 解析　 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)該段中的“Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.”可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(用一塊石頭把塑料板的中心位置壓下去)，故選C。