2020高中英語人教版 選修8教師用書：Unit 2 SectionⅡ Warming UpReading — Language Points Word版含答案

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1、2020學年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points (一)詞義配對 1．commercial　　A. an important new discovery 2．undertake B．connected with the buying and selling of goods and services 3．breakthrough C．decided or arranged without any reason 4．procedure D．a(chǎn)gree to do so

2、mething 5．a(chǎn)rbitrary E．a(chǎn) way of doing something 6．moral F．connected with the principles of what is right and wrong behaviour, and with the difference between good and evil 7．a(chǎn)ltogether G．to get something that you want 8．obtain H．completely 答案：1～5　BDAEC　6～8　FHG (二)根據(jù)所給詞性

3、和漢語意思寫出單詞，并適當拓展 9．differ vi.不同；相異→different adj.不同的；相異的→difference n．差異 10．object(vi.)不贊成；反對→objection n．不贊成；反對；異議 11．medium n．媒介；手段；工具→media(復數(shù)) 12．forbid vt.禁止；不準；阻止；妨礙→過去式 forbade/forbad→過去分詞 forbidden 13．a(chǎn)ccumulate vt. & vi.積累；聚積→accumulation n．積累 14．correction n．改正；修正；糾正→correct vt.改正；糾正

4、 1．differ vi.不同；相異 [教材原句]　Think about how they differ. 想一想他們?nèi)绾尾煌? ①The twins differ from each other in character. 這對孿生姐妹性格迥異。 ②People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. 然而，人們在這個問題上看法相異。 ③You should pay more attention to uniting and working with those who differ with you abo

5、ut/on/over it. 你應該更注意團結(jié)那些在這件事情上與你意見不同的人一道工作。 ④A differs from B　　　　A與B不同 ⑤A and B differ in ... A和B在……不同 ⑥A differs with B about/on/over sth. 關(guān)于某事A與B的看法不同 (1)different adj.　　　　　　　 不同的 be different from ...(in) 與……(在……方面)不同 (2)difference n. 不同；差異 make a difference 區(qū)分；有關(guān)系；有影響；有重要作用

6、 It makes no difference to sb.　 對……沒有影響 tell the difference between ...and ... 區(qū)分……和……的不同 ⑦It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 你是去是留對我都無所謂。 2．undertake vt.著手；從事；承擔；保證 [教材原句]　It is a difficult task to undertake. 這是一項很難完成的任務。 ①Who will undertake the responsibility for

7、the serious traffic accident? 誰將為這次嚴重的交通事故承擔責任？ ②He undertook to finish the work before Friday. 他答應在周五之前完成那項工作。 ③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip. 我保證你會喜歡這次旅行。 ④undertake sth.　　　　　　　承擔某事，負責/從事…… ⑤undertake to_do sth. 承諾/答應做某事 ⑥undertake that ... 承諾/答應…… 3．o

8、bjection n．不贊成；反對；異議 [教材原句]　On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。 ①No objections were raised at the meeting, the new tax rates coming into effect. 會上沒有人提出異議，新的稅率開始生效。

9、 (1)raise/voice an objection to ... 對……提出異議 There is no objection to ... (做……事)沒有什么不可以的 have no objection to (doing) sth. 不反對(做)…… (2)object v. 不贊成；反對；抗議 object to (doing) sth. 反對、抗議(做)某事 (3)objective adj. 如實的，客觀的，無偏見的 ②There is no objection to your opening the window. 你開窗沒有什么不可以的。

10、③Have you any objection_to_changing your working hours? 你對改變你的工作時間有什么異議嗎？ ④He strongly objects to being_treated like a child. 他強烈反對被人當孩子一樣對待。 [點津]　objection/object to 中的to為介詞。 object, oppose object 表示“反對”，為不及物動詞，接賓語時需加介詞to oppose 表示“反對”，為及物動詞，接賓語時不需加介詞to。be opposed to ...表示“反對……”“和……相反” [

11、自填助記](每空一詞) They opposed the plan that you put forward at the meeting. ＝They objected_ to the plan that you put forward at the meeting. ＝They were_ opposed_ to the plan that you put forward at the meeting. 4．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不準；阻止；妨礙 [教材原句]　Some began to reform their legal

12、 systems and forbade research into human cloning ... 有些政府開始改革他們的法律制度，禁止進行克隆人的研究…… ①His parents forbid him wine. ＝His parents forbid him to drink wine. ＝His parents forbid him from drinking wine. 他的父母不準他喝酒。 ②We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables. 我們應

13、采取措施禁止地溝油回流餐桌。 ③forbid sb. sth.　　　　　　 禁止某人得到某物 禁止某人做某事 ⑥forbid (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事 [點津]　forbid后面不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，而是跟動名詞作賓語，但可以用forbid sb. to do sth.，類似的動詞還有advise, allow，permit等。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 2．Don’t get worried, because

14、 the secretary has undertaken to_finish (finish) the task by Friday. 3．If no one has any objection (object), I will declare the meeting closed. 4．Students are forbidden from referring (refer) to their notes in the examination. 5．You’ve had a great breakthrough to get better understanding of it.

15、 6．The same method is used for error correction (correct)． 7．However, as the evidence began to_accumulate (accumulate), experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. 8．To_obtain (obtain) the exact information, they visited the villagers from time to time, as well as paying attention to the med

16、ia. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ/are_different_in_size_and_shape. 各種各樣的樹都長葉子，但它們在大小和形狀上有差異。 2．We are supposed to_undertake_the_responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle, which is of great significance. 我們應該承擔過低碳生活的責任，這意義重大。 3．We are determined to carry ou

17、t the plan if_you_have_no_objection/don’t_object. 如果你不反對，我們決心實施這項計劃。 4．Please note that food and fruit are_forbidden_in_the_library,_but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 請注意，在圖書館禁止食物和水果，但允許帶飲料和糖果。 1．pay off　　　　　　　　 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 2．be cast down 沮喪；不愉快 3．object to 反對；不

18、贊成 4．have a great impact on 對……有重大影響 5．in favour of 贊成；支持 6．on the other hand 另一方面 7．to be exact 確切地說 8．be appropriate to sth. 適合于……的 1．pay off [教材原句]　But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the shee

19、p. 但是決心和耐心使科學家們最終于1996年收獲了突破性的結(jié)果——克隆羊“多莉”。 (1)得到好結(jié)果，奏效，成功。(不及物動詞短語) ①Her hard work finally paid off — she came first in the English contest. 她的努力最終得到了回報——她在英語競賽中得了第一名。 ②Her patience and hard work finally paid_off with a gold medal. 她的耐心和刻苦訓練最終使她贏得了金牌。 (2)付清/償清(債務)；付清工資后解雇，遣散。(及物動詞短語) ③I pa

20、id off my debts after 10 years. 十年后我付清了債務。 ④He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全體船員的工資后將他們解雇了。 ⑤Jim couldn’t pay_off his debts because he was paid off by the company he had been working for for many years. 吉姆難以還清債務，因為他為之工作多年的公司付清他的工資后把他解雇了。 2．in favour of支持；贊成 [教材原句]　Is it in favour of clon

21、ing or against it? 它是贊成克隆行為還是反對克隆行為？ ①I’m all in favour of equal pay for equal work. 我完全支持同工同酬。 ②I talked to Susan about it, and she’s all in favour of going. 我與蘇珊談了這件事，她完全贊同走。 in/out of favour (with sb.)　受/不受(某人的)歡迎 in sb.’s favour 對某人有利 do sb.a favour 幫某人忙 owe sb. a favour 欠某人人情 ③The

22、 score was 4∶3 in_our_favour. 比分是4∶3，我們占優(yōu)勢。 ④Would you please do_me_the_favour to close the window? 請幫我關(guān)上窗戶好嗎？ ⑤I’ll ask Tom to take it. He owes me a favour. 我會讓湯姆去拿。他欠我一個人情。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．The majority of the people were in favour of the plan.However, I objected to the plan because it was too

23、expensive. 2．Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have little impact on this age group. 3．He worked hard before the College Entrance Examination, and it paid off.His dream to go to college came true. 4．He was cast down because the circumstances were all against him. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Do you thin

24、k anyone would object_to (反對) my parking the car here? 2．Are you in_favour_of (支持) the government’s measures to bring down the prices of goods? 3．Once we’ve got the debt paid_off (償清), I’ll buy a new car. 4．On the one hand, we should ask for help; on_the_other_hand (另一方面) we should try our best t

25、o rebuild our houses. 5．The death of the cloned dog cast_down (沮喪) the researchers, but they would keep on until they could succeed. 6．What the teachers have done has_a_great_impact_on (對……有重大影響) their students in the future. 1．[句型展示]　Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animal

26、s is very complicated. 克隆植物簡單，而克隆動物非常復雜。 [典例背誦] She is very diligent, while he is lazy. 她很勤奮，而他很懶。 2．[句型展示]　Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 [典例背誦] Up and up goes the house price. 房價漲得越來越高。 3．[句型展示]　What_do_you_think is the writer’s point of

27、 view in this reading passage? 你認為這篇文章中作者的觀點是什么？ [典例背誦] Why do you suppose he will resign? 你認為他為什么要辭職？ 1．Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. 克隆植物簡單，而克隆動物非常復雜。 (1)句中while作并列連詞，意為“而，然而”，表示對比。 ①Tom’s very promising while his brother is absolutely hopel

28、ess. 湯姆前途一片光明，而他的兄弟絕對是毫無希望。 ②I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我喜歡喝不加牛奶的咖啡，而他更喜歡喝加牛奶的。 (2)while 作連詞時的用法： ③Please be quiet while I’m talking to you. 在我跟你說話的時候，請安靜。 ④While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然你說的我懂，可是我還是不能同意。 2．Then_came the disturbing news

29、 that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。 本句采用了完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當then，here，there，now，away，out等副詞或表地點的介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞時，句子常用完全倒裝形式。 ①The door opened and in came the teacher. 門開了，老師進來了。 ②On the ground lay a sick goat and from the distance came a policeman. 地上躺著一位病人，遠處來了一個警察。 ③Along the wall sta

30、nds_four_big_book_cases. 沿著墻放了四個大書箱。 ④Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。 ⑤Away he_went. 他走開了。 [點津]　當主語是人稱代詞時，盡管副詞置于句首，主謂也不倒裝。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Out rushed (rush) the students on hearing the good news. 2．While/Although/Though I admit his good point, I can see his shortcomings. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．In the front o

31、f the classroom sits_a_professor.He is talking with his students. 教室的前面坐著一位教授。他正在和學生們交談。 2．While/Though/Although_he_is_young,_he knows a lot. 盡管他很年輕，但他知道很多。 3．On_the_one_hand he wanted to buy the expensive clothes; on_the_other_hand he didn’t have much money. 一方面他想買這件貴衣服，另一方面他又沒有很多錢。 4．How_do_

32、you_think/imagine the monkey will deal with the problem? 你認為這猴子將如何處理這個問題？ Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．That will make no difference (differ) to him, whatever you may decide. 2．He undertook to_pay (pay) the money back in one month. 3．We object to being_blamed (blame) for something that we haven’t done. 4．I for

33、bid smoking (smoke) here.Who has permitted you to_smoke (smoke) here? 5．Ordinary people would then be able to use them to_obtain (obtain) valuable information. 6．The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. 7．I just need to make a few corrections (correct), and then we can send it to th

34、e printer. 8．In the discussion held by our class yesterday, those who were in favour of surfing on the Internet claimed that it had a lot of advantages. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．She differs/is_different_from_her_sister_in the colour of her eyes. 她眼睛的顏色與姐姐的不同。 2．We would undertake_the_task for the time being.

35、我們會暫時承擔這項任務。 3．We object_to_punishing a whole group for one person’s fault. 我們反對因為一個人的過錯而去懲罰整組的人。 4．He forbade_me_from_meeting/to_meet my epal at the Internet caf！ 他禁止我去網(wǎng)吧會見我的網(wǎng)友！ 5．He finally became a rock superstar — his long and hard training paid_off. 他最后成為一名搖滾巨星——他的長期艱苦訓練終于有了回報。 6．John wa

36、s_cast_down to learn the news that he was rejected by the committee. 得知他被委員會拒絕的消息，約翰非常沮喪。 7．The reason why the students are in_favour_of the first one is as follows. 學生們贊成第一個的原因如下。 8．Then_came_the_exciting_news that she won the first gold medal in the Olympic Games. 然后傳來了令人興奮的消息——她在奧運會上獲得首枚金牌。

37、 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A One British owner will be offered a genetic replica (復制品) of his dog for free as part of the UK launch of the service, which usually costs ￡63,000. But scientists warned that owners hoping to create an exact copy of their favorite pet may be disappointed because, like identical twins, t

38、he clone will not be a perfect replica of the first. Although they will share the same genetic code, different conditions in the womb and the environment they are exposed to after birth will change some characteristics, including aspects of the dog’s appearance and behavior. Experts also warned that

39、 cloning animals is extremely unreliable, only successfully resulting in a healthy specimen (樣本) in one or two of every hundred attempts, and that making the cloning process reliable would be a “major achievement”. But South Korean firm Sooam Biotech says it has never failed to produce a clone and

40、 will guarantee its work. The technique involves taking a single skin cell from the original animal and replicating its DNA to create a manmade embryo (胚胎), which is born after two months’ gestation (孕育). The company says it has cloned at least 400 dogs around the world, including rescue and police

41、dogs for the South Korean government and dozens of pets for wealthy American owners. The competition, and following creation of Britain’s first cloned dog, will be filmed and broadcast in a documentary on Channel Four. Sooam Biotech scientist Insung Hwang said, “We can clone any breed,

42、 size or shape of dogs and are coming to the UK to offer this process to the owner of one very special dog. We welcome any UKbased dog owner who wants to benefit from this exciting new advance in biotechnology.” Prof Robin LovellBadge, Head of Developmental Genetics at the MRC National Insti

43、tute for Medical Research, said cloning in dogs can work but warned that it is “not an efficient (高效的) process” and would not create a replica of the original pet. 語篇解讀：本文是新聞報道。一家韓國公司準備為英國人克隆他們的寵物狗，但科學家對此持謹慎態(tài)度。 1．Why did scientists warn dog owners? A．Because cloned dogs will not live long. B

44、．Because cloned dogs carry certain diseases. C．Because dog cloning may not bring the perfect result. D．Because dog cloning is still too expensive for common people. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段可知，科學家警告狗的主人，原因是克隆來的狗不會和以前的狗一模一樣，而且克隆的失敗率很高。 2．What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph? A．Dog cloning

45、is easy to carry out. B．Insung Hwang works for a British company. C．Insung Hwang’s cloning work is quite limited. D．Insung Hwang is confident in his cloning work. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。由文章第五段可知，Insung Hwang宣稱自己能夠克隆各種品種的狗，說明他對自己的工作充滿了信心。 3．What is Robin LovellBadge’s attitude towards dog cloning? A

46、．Cautious.　　　 B．Supportive. C．Disapproval. D．Subjective. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。分析文章最后一段，Robin LovellBadge還是強調(diào)克隆的不可靠，由此推斷，他對克隆持有謹慎態(tài)度。 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Dog Cloning Causes Debate B．Dog Cloning to Arrive in Britain C．The Problems with Dog Cloning D．The Love o

47、f the British for Their Dogs 解析：選B　主旨大意題。綜合全文，特別是文章第一段可知，文章主要報道韓國一家機構(gòu)將為英國人克隆他們的寵物狗。 B In the movie Jurassic Park, scientists clone dinosaurs by using the DNA that was preserved for millions of years.However, there is trouble when the cloned dinosaurs turn out fiercer and smarter than expected.C

48、an dinosaurs really be cloned? Theoretically, they can; all that would be required is DNA from an extinct dinosaur and a currently living closely related species which would act as a surrogate mother(代孕母親)．In fact, there is continuing research to clone the Woolly Mammoth by extracting(提取) the DNA fr

49、om frozen animals. Actually, cloning is a phenomenon that occurs naturally in a wide variety of species.Whenever you see a pair of identical twins, they are examples of nature’s clones.Although scientists have been cloning certain plants like the carrot quite successfully for decades, attempts at c

50、loning animals have not been as successful.However, they began long before the birth of Dolly, the sheep — the first mammal to be successfully cloned. Cloning humans does give rise to some misgivings,_raising a number of moral problems involved.In fact, the social influences of producing humans art

51、ificially were brilliantly explored in the famous novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and also in the movie The Island. Human cloning is basically about creating a genetically(基因地) identical copy of a previously existing person.Why would some people choose to clone human beings? Well, generally

52、, it could make couples unable to have babies have their own children.Replacing a dead child is also another reason why some people have expressed interest in the technology. 語篇解讀：本文是說明文，介紹了克隆的相關(guān)情況。 5．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________. A．give us an introduction to a movie B．a(chǎn)naly

53、se the possibility of cloning C．give an introduction to the text D．tell us the importance of cloning 解析：選C　從后文內(nèi)容可知，第一段主要是為了引出下文。 6．We can infer from the second paragraph that ________. A．more and more people are interested in cloning B．cloning has saved many animals from dying out C．cloning h

54、as a very short history D．cloning plants is much easier 解析：選D　第二段說明，人們已經(jīng)成功克隆了植物，而動物還不太成功，說明克隆植物要比克隆動物簡單得多。 7．In what way is human cloning useful? A．It can bring a dead person back to life. B．It makes it possible to replace a dead child. C．It can help cure some human diseases. D．It can help pe

55、ople have more healthy children. 解析：選B　從最后一段可知，克隆人可以替代一個死了的孩子或者幫助不孕夫妻受孕。 8．What does the underlined word “misgivings” in the third paragraph mean? A．Worries. B．Aims. C．Regulations. D．Principles. 解析：選A　從該詞后的“raising a number of moral problems involved”可知，克隆人引起了很多擔憂。 Ⅳ.語法填空 Habits, whethe

56、r good or bad, are gradually formed.When a person does a certain thing again, he __1__ (drive) by an unseen force to do the same thing __2__ (repeat); then a habit is formed.Once __3__ habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes __4__ (possible), to get rid of.It is therefore very important that

57、 we pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of __5__ remain with them as long as they live.__6__ (lazy), lying, stealing and so on are all easilyformed bad habits.However, there are many other habits __7__ (form) in early life that are of great help.Many

58、 __8__ (success) men say much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, like early rising and honesty.We should keep away __9__ all the bad habits and try to form such habits __10__ will be good for ourselves and others. 答案：1.is driven　2.repeatedly　3.a　4.impossible 5．which　6.Laziness　7.formed　8.successful 9．from　10.as