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1、第29講非謂語動詞遼寧中考對非謂語動詞的考查不多,主要考查動詞不定式和動名詞的用法,分詞基本不考。動詞不定式的考查主要集中在不定式作目的狀語、后接動詞不定式的動詞(如allow,tell,ask,encourage等)及make,let等詞后接省略to的不定式的用法。動名詞則主要集中在其后接動名詞動詞或動詞短語(如feel like,enjoy,avoid等)的用法。動詞不定式(2015年共考查5次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查3次)動名詞(2015年共考查1次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查0次)高頻考向一不定式1構(gòu)成:to動詞原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式為:not
2、 to do。如:The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學(xué)后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。2動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。作主語To help the old is our duty.幫助老人是我們的職責(zé)。注意:動詞不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主語,而把不定式短語置于謂語動詞之后?!癐ts adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞,常用的有g(shù)ood(好的),kind(友善的),nic
3、e(好的),polite(有禮貌的),clever(聰明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懶惰的),careful(細(xì)心的),careless(粗心的),right(正確的),wrong(錯誤的)等。如:Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我,你真好?!癐ts adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),hard(艱難的),dangerous(危險的),safe(安全的),useful(有用的),pleasant(舒適的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:Its dangerou
4、s for you to climb that tall tree.對你來說,爬上那個高樹是危險的。作表語To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃飯是為了活著,但活著并不是為了吃飯。作賓語常接不定式作賓語的動詞有:decide(決定),expect(期望),forget(忘記),hope(希望),pretend(假裝),try(盡力)等。如:I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。作賓語補(bǔ)足語常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:ask(要求),tell(告訴),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),h
5、elp(幫助),warn(警告),invite(邀請),encourage(鼓勵)等。如:Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她的姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.當(dāng)她出去的時候,她叫我接電話。作定語動詞不定式作定語時,常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語,且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動詞有動賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系。如:He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒
6、有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)注意:當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時,不定式后的介詞習(xí)慣省去。如:He had no place to live(in)他沒地方住。有些名詞常用不定式作定語。如:a chance to go to school上學(xué)的機(jī)會no time to think about rest沒時間考慮休息a way to learn/of learning English學(xué)習(xí)英語的一種方法作狀語They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他們跑過來歡迎我們。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表結(jié)果)保
7、羅激動得說不出話來。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打擾你。注意:有些動詞不定式在使用時,要省去to。具體有:在動詞let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等動詞后,動詞不定式作賓語時,要省略to。但在變被動語態(tài)時,省略的to要加上。如:I heard someone knock at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進(jìn)了房間。在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)的句型后,要
8、用不帶to的不定式。如:Would you please make your bed?請整理下你的床,好嗎?Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點(diǎn)睡覺。3特殊疑問詞動詞不定式能接不定式的疑問詞有:what,which,how,who,when,where等。它們可以在句中作主語、賓語和表語。如:I dont know what to do.我不知道該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關(guān)于這件事,我不知該做些什么。The question is who to
9、 go.問題是誰去?!纠?】 The environment on the earth is worse and worse.I agree with you.We must do everything we can _ it.(2015,丹東預(yù)測)Aprotect Bprotecting Cto protect Dprotects【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意“我們必須做力所能及的事情來保護(hù)地球?!笨芍脛釉~不定式作目的狀語。答案:_【例2】 Jackie asked me _ anything.Anot touch Bnot touchedCnot touching Dnot to to
10、uch【解析】考查非謂語動詞。ask sb. (not) to do sth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”。此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式的否定形式。答案:_CD【例3】 Why are you so excited today?We were told_a picnic this weekend.Ahave Bto have Chaving Dhad【解析】答語是一個被動語態(tài)的句子,結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可知句意為“我們被告知這個周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意為“告訴某人做某事”,其被動形式為(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案:_【例4】 Why is Linlin
11、 practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.AGo BGone CTo go DGoes【解析】疑問詞why用于提問原因,動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示目的,回答原因。答案:_BC【例5】 Students should learn how _ problems.Asolve Bsolving Ccan solve Dto solve【解析】賓語從句可簡化為“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),仍在句中作賓語。答案:_D高頻考向二動名詞動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。如:Saying so much is usel
12、ess.說那么多沒用。(主語)My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂趣是旅游。(表語)She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛看電影。(賓語)There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個游泳池。(定語)注意:(1)初中階段常見的接動名詞的動詞或動詞短語有:enjoy(喜歡),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(練習(xí)),mind(介意),suggest(建議),avoid (避免),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),cant help(禁不住),give up(放棄
13、),be used to(習(xí)慣于),stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅長);be interested in(對感興趣);succeed in(成功)等?!纠?】 Isnt it strange that the cat is used to_(lie) beside the dog peacefully?【解析】句意為:這只貓習(xí)慣了平靜地躺在狗的身邊,這不是很奇怪嗎?be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于做”;be used to do意為“被用來做”。答案:_【例7】 Wou
14、ld you mind_(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.【解析】mind作謂語動詞時,其后接動名詞作賓語。答案:_lyingturning【例8】Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?Yes.But now I realize I was wrong.I really regret _ that silly thing to my mum.(2015,襄陽)Ado Bto do Cdoing Ddid【解析】問句句意為“你小時候和你媽媽頂嘴嗎?”由語境可知答句句意為“是的。但是現(xiàn)在我意識到我錯了。我真的后悔曾對我媽媽做過這樣愚蠢的事情?!笔虑橐炎觯蕬?yīng)用動名詞形式。答案:_C