高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 (直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn))第1講 名詞專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課件(含調(diào)研、真題)
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1、第一講名詞1(2013湖北卷)Carbon dioxide,which makes a _between us and the sun,prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily,so the earth is becoming warmer.AdifferenceBcomparisonCconnection Dbarrier名詞詞義辨析解析:四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義:difference分歧,區(qū)別;comparison比較;connection聯(lián)系;barrier障礙,屏障。語(yǔ)境說(shuō)地球的熱量因二氧化碳而不容易釋放出大氣層,因此
2、這里選D,表示“障礙,屏障”。句意為:二氧化碳是我們和太陽(yáng)之間的一道屏障,它使地球上的熱量不容易釋放出大氣層,于是地球就變得越來(lái)越暖和。答案:D2(2013湖北卷)Poetry written from the_of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.Aperspective BpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege解析:四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義:perspective視角,觀點(diǎn);priority優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)先考慮的事;participati
3、on參加,參與;privilege特權(quán),優(yōu)惠。語(yǔ)境表示從都市年輕人這個(gè)群體的角度寫(xiě)的詩(shī)歌,因此選A。句意為:以都市年輕人的視角寫(xiě)的詩(shī)歌往往反映他們因?yàn)槿狈w屬感而產(chǎn)生的焦慮。答案:A3(2012湖北卷)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any_.AsymptomBsimilarityCsample Dshadow解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:定期去醫(yī)院檢查眼睛,看有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)沒(méi)有任何癥狀的那些眼病,是重要的。根據(jù)句意可
4、知,應(yīng)選A,表示“癥狀”。答案:A4(2012湖北卷)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct_in applying for a visa.Apattern BprocedureCprogram Dperspective解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:官員堅(jiān)持說(shuō),Michael在申請(qǐng)簽證的時(shí)候沒(méi)有遵循正確的程序。pattern模式,方式;procedure程序,手續(xù),步驟;program節(jié)目,計(jì)劃;perspective態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn)。此處表示“正確的程序或步驟”,因此選B。答案:B5(2013浙江卷)As the wo
5、rlds population continues to grow,the_of food becomes more and more of a concern. Aworth Bsupply Cpackage Dlist解析:句意為:隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),食物的供應(yīng)越來(lái)越成為一個(gè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A.價(jià)值;B.供應(yīng);C.包;D.清單。答案:B6(2013江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures,American food culture can take a_for the better. Ashare Bchance Ct
6、urn Dlead解析:句意為:在其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)下,美國(guó)的飲食文化可能會(huì)向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。本題考查名詞辨析。take a turn for the better是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),意為“好轉(zhuǎn),變好”。答案:C名詞的短語(yǔ)搭配7(2012天津卷)You are working too hard.Youd better keep a_between work and relaxation.Apromise BleadCbalance Ddiary解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:你工作太勞累了。你最好使工作與休閑保持平衡。keep a balance保持平衡;keep a promise遵守諾言;keep a
7、 diary記日記。答案:C一、近幾年考查的名詞詞義辨析的主要形式1形似詞的詞義辨析(1)symptom癥狀similarity 類(lèi)似,相似sample 樣本,標(biāo)本shadow 影子The rise in inflation was just one symptom of the poor state of the economy.通脹上升不過(guò)是經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的一個(gè)征候。 (2)pattern 模式,模板 procedure 程序,手續(xù),步驟 program 節(jié)目 perspective 態(tài)度,觀點(diǎn) She bought a dress pattern and some material. 她買(mǎi)了
8、一幅衣服紙樣和一些衣料。 2相似詞綴的名詞辨析 expression 表達(dá),表示,表情 attention 注意,留心 satisfaction 滿意,滿足 impression 印象 (2012山東高考)My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 我對(duì)他的第一印象是他是一個(gè)善良且有思想的年輕人。 3意義相近詞的辨析 (1)strength 長(zhǎng)處 talent 才華,天賦 ability 能力 skill 技能 (2012福建高考)Well,you know,English is my
9、strength.So it is my best choice. 唉,你是知道的,英語(yǔ)是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng),所以這是我最好的選擇。 (2)anger 生氣,憤怒 rudeness 粗魯 regret 遺憾,后悔 panic 恐慌,驚恐 (2011湖北高考)“Tommy,run!Be quick!The house is on fire!” the mother shouted,with panic clearly in her voice. “湯米,跑!快跑!房子著火了!”媽媽大聲喊道。她的聲音里顯然帶著恐慌。 4無(wú)一定關(guān)聯(lián)性的名詞詞義辨析 operation 操作,手術(shù) growth 增長(zhǎng) perf
10、ormance 表現(xiàn),表演 character 性格,特色,角色,人物 (2012浙江高考)Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. 作為學(xué)生,如果你養(yǎng)成這樣的習(xí)慣對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法進(jìn)行反思,你的表現(xiàn)將會(huì)非常出色。二、名詞與動(dòng)詞詞組的搭配常在“動(dòng)詞名詞介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中考查名詞的詞義。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有have;make;get;give;offer;supply等。1have名詞介詞have a preference for更喜愛(ài)have a
11、gift/talent for有方面的才能have an effect/influence on對(duì)產(chǎn)生影響have a reputation for因而有名氣 have a sympathy for對(duì)表示同情 have a fancy for愛(ài)好 have a hand in參與 have access to可以到達(dá),可以使用 have an eye for對(duì)有鑒賞力 have confidence in信任 have faith in相信 (2010江蘇高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts a
12、ny gift from his patients,so he has a very good reputation.這位醫(yī)生在治療心臟病上技術(shù)高超而且從來(lái)不收病人任何禮物,因此享有較高聲譽(yù)。 2make名詞介詞 make room/space for為騰出空間 make a beeline for走近路 make a fool of愚弄,欺騙 make a good job of將某事辦好 make an impression on對(duì)產(chǎn)生印象 make peace with與講和 make preparations for為做準(zhǔn)備 make sense of弄懂 make terms wit
13、h與達(dá)成協(xié)議 (2010天津高考)James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television. 詹姆斯把雜志從小桌子上拿下來(lái),目的是為電視騰出空間。 3get名詞介詞 get the hang of掌握的訣竅 get relief from.從得到寬慰,緩和 get a message from.從得到啟示 4give名詞介詞 give an account of報(bào)告,敘述 give an eye to留心 give place to讓位于 The witness gave the police a
14、 full account of the incident. 目擊者向警方詳盡地?cái)⑹隽怂l(fā)生的事情。 The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library. 設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目的是讓學(xué)生能夠迅速、便捷地使用圖書(shū)館的數(shù)字資源。三、名詞詞義辨析以及其與介詞或冠詞的搭配1冠詞名詞ofa variety of各種各樣的an average of平均的a range of多種多樣的 a waste of浪費(fèi)a matter of只是某事罷了 a
15、lack of缺乏a sense of某種感覺(jué) an opinion of某種意見(jiàn)a load of某種負(fù)擔(dān)a diversity of各種各樣的,多樣性的(2011湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考)Mary has a great diversity of interests;she likes sports,travel,photography,and making radio sets.Mary的興趣廣泛,喜歡體育、旅游、攝影和制作收音機(jī)。 2名詞介詞 attention to注意 devotion to忠誠(chéng) solution to解決方法 approach to途徑 note to注釋 key to
16、關(guān)鍵 introduce to介紹 All the approaches to the airport were guarded by troops. 通往機(jī)場(chǎng)的所有道路都有軍隊(duì)守衛(wèi)。1(2013湖北黃岡質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Do you know why Jane was so angry?Her roommate gave in to_and opened the letter addressed to her.Acuriosity BconsiderationCconcern Dconvenience解析: 考查名詞辨析。答句表示“Jane的室友克制不住好奇,把寄給她的信拆開(kāi)了”,故用curiosi
17、ty表示“好奇心”。consideration考慮;concern關(guān)心;convenience方便。答案:A2(2013湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考)Travelling is always cheerful for me.And especially buying some special local products and _will enhance the joy of a journey.Abands BaircraftsCsouvenirs Dpensions解析:考查名詞辨析。此處表示“在旅游的時(shí)候買(mǎi)一些當(dāng)?shù)靥貏e的產(chǎn)品和紀(jì)念品能提高我們旅游的樂(lè)趣”。band樂(lè)隊(duì);aircraft飛機(jī);so
18、uvenir紀(jì)念品;pension退休金。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有C項(xiàng)與旅游有關(guān),因此選C。答案:C3(2013湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期聯(lián)考)Both Sampras and Becker are excellent tennis players;Sampras is a skilful player,but Becker has _on his side.Apersonality BtechniqueCcraft Dexperience解析: 考查名詞辨析。句意為:Sampras和Becker都是優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球選手。Sampras是一名技術(shù)出色的選手,但Becker經(jīng)驗(yàn)更豐富。D.經(jīng)驗(yàn),符合句意。A.個(gè)
19、性;B.技巧,技藝;C.工藝,手藝。答案:D4(2013湖北襄陽(yáng)五校高三下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考)In my opinion,anything that is no longer used should not be put in _but thrown away completely.Abandage BstorageCaccount Dfoundation解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:我覺(jué)得任何沒(méi)有用的東西都不應(yīng)該存放起來(lái),而應(yīng)該全部被丟掉。這里用storage表示“保管,存放”。bandage繃帶;account敘述,賬戶(hù);foundation根據(jù),基礎(chǔ)。答案:B5(2013湖北省鄂西示范高中質(zhì)量檢
20、查)In the final analysis,this is a strategic_,aiming to improve the quality of life on a large scale under current conditions.Aobject Btechnique Cmove Dassistance解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:歸根結(jié)底,這是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)略舉措,目的是在目前的條件下大幅度提高(人們的)生活質(zhì)量。move行動(dòng),符合句意。object目標(biāo);technique技術(shù);assistance幫助。答案:C6(2013湖北武漢4月調(diào)研)The worse air quality
21、 in the country has strengthened the governments_to do something to address the problem.Aability BconcernCresolve Dproposal解析:考查名詞辨析。ability能力;concern關(guān)心;resolve決心;proposal提議,建議。句意為:這個(gè)國(guó)家糟糕的空氣質(zhì)量更加堅(jiān)定了政府去做一些事情以解決該問(wèn)題的決心。答案:C7(2013湖北省黃岡市部分中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期統(tǒng)一調(diào)研考試)As has been urged by our teachers and parents,we teen
22、agers should be active.However,our daily_consists of countless homework and exams,making us inactive and dull.Aroutine Bincident Cregulation Dreference解析:考查名詞辨析。 句意為:正如老師和父母強(qiáng)烈要求的那樣,我們青少年應(yīng)該是活躍的。然而,我們的日常生活中有數(shù)不清的作業(yè)和考試,這使我們懶散且反應(yīng)遲鈍。routine常規(guī),慣例,例行公事,符合句意。incident事件;regulation管理,規(guī)則;reference提及,談到。答案:A8(20
23、13湖北省黃石三校高三下學(xué)期調(diào)研測(cè)試)Nowadays working parents find that,while they have good_to read bedtime stories to their children,its hard to fit it into their busy schedules.Aintentions Bsuggestions Cchoices Dadvantages解析: 考查名詞辨析。句意為:如今上班族父母發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然他們很愿意在孩子睡覺(jué)前給他們讀故事,但是將這件事寫(xiě)入他們忙碌的工作日程中非常困難。intention意圖,打算,符合句意。sugges
24、tion建議,提議;choice選擇,抉擇;advantage有利條件,優(yōu)勢(shì)。答案:A9(2013湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)高三年級(jí)聯(lián)合考試)The winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature,Mo Yan,said he did not have high _of winning.Actually,he thought he had a slim chance to win.Aassumptions BexpectationsCsatisfactions Dimpressions解析:考查名詞辨析。句意為:2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的獲得者莫言說(shuō)他對(duì)得獎(jiǎng)的期
25、望不高。實(shí)際上,他認(rèn)為他得獎(jiǎng)的可能性不大。根據(jù)句意可知expectations期望,正確。assumption假設(shè),假定;satisfaction滿足,滿意;impression印象。答案:B10(2013湖北省武漢市名校高三第二次調(diào)研測(cè)試)As exams draw closer,there is a serious shortage of seats in libraries,so an increasing number of college students are looking for_,for example,dining halls and cafes.Aalternatives BpropertiesCopportunities Dpossibilities解析: 考查名詞辨析。句意為:隨著考試的臨近,圖書(shū)館常常一座難求,使得越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生不得不另尋他處,比如餐廳和咖啡館。alternative表示“可供選擇的事物”,符合句意。B.所有物,財(cái)產(chǎn),產(chǎn)物;C.機(jī)會(huì);D.可能性。答案:A
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