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1、第四講“錯綜復雜”的文章結(jié)構題1所謂文章結(jié)構題，就是指那些針對文章的整體篇章結(jié)構或某一段落的論述層次所設置的問題。這類題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進行歸納和總結(jié)的能力。2文章結(jié)構題的題干表現(xiàn)形式：(1)Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?(2)In the next part，what would the author most probably discuss?(3)The second paragraph is devel
2、oped by.(4)How is the passage mainly developed? (2013陜西卷)According to sociologists (社會學家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification (階層)Class，power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society.A commonly
3、used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper
4、class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise (行使) big power，but p
5、eople who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相應的) economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our kn
6、owledge，there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the US Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high so
7、cial class or have a lot of power over others.語篇解讀社會學家認為，每一個現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會的階層是由經(jīng)濟、權力和地位等所決定的。1What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?APeople earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.BNearly half Americans belong to the middle class.CPeople generally consider bus drivers as the
8、middle class.DSociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.解析：細節(jié)理解題。 由第二段第四句可知，46%的美國人屬于中產(chǎn)階級，即接近一半的美國人屬于中產(chǎn)階級。答案：B2According to the text，we know that_.Apower and class do not always correspond with each otherBstatus refers to a persons economic position in societyCpeople with high status
9、have a lot of control over othersDclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank解析：細節(jié)理解題。 由第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.”以及第四句所舉的例子可知，權力和經(jīng)濟實力并不總是相一致。答案：A3Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P：Paragraph)解析：推理判斷題。從整篇文章來看，作者采用先整體概括，再分
10、段論述的寫作方法。答案：A1了解文章的大致框架是突破文章結(jié)構題的關鍵。對文章的分段方法有：(1)按事情發(fā)展的順序；(2)按時間的先后順序；(3)按地點或空間位置的變換；(4)按內(nèi)容的總分關系；(5)按人物的活動內(nèi)容。2針對此類題，考生應做到：一讀，就是通讀全文；二想，就是想一想每個自然段的主要內(nèi)容；三歸，就是把一些內(nèi)容相同或關系密切的自然段并在一起，成為一個大段；四查，就是再把各段段意連起來，看是否能構成一個連貫的整體；五選，就是選出符合文章結(jié)構的正確答案。例如真題示例第3題，文章第一段總述了三個方面(class，power，status)在定義階層中的作用，第二段(class)、第三段(po
11、wer)和第四段(status)分別敘述了它們的作用，文章結(jié)構為總分式，所以選擇A項。(2013山東省濟南一中等四校高三下學期聯(lián)考)According to body language expert Robert Phipps，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.Phipps found that wo
12、rriers，those who stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal (胎兒的) position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position，with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up (蜷曲)，the more comfort we are seeking，according to Phipps.The secon
13、d most common position is the log.Sleeping with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，indicates stubbornness，and these people (the 28 percent who sleep this way) often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.“The longer you sleep like this，the
14、 more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，” according to Phipps.Yearner (向往型) sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this styleon their side with arms stretched out in front，looking as if they are either chas
15、ing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results，explained Phipps.These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.Perhaps the most peculiar (奇怪的) of sleep styles is the freefaller po
16、sition.This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.These people，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，but also the least comfortable，and people may wake up feeling
17、tired and have no energy.In conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add：“A good nights sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”語篇解讀本文為說明文。肢體語言專家發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們睡覺的姿勢實際上揭示了很多個性類型的信息。1Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A
18、A Good Nights Sleep Sets You Up for the Following DayBYour Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at NightCHow You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next DayDWhich Sleeping Position Helps You Sleep Comfortably解析：考查主旨大意。根據(jù)本文的主題句中的“the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about
19、 the type of personlity they have”可知，本文主要講的是“一個人晚上睡覺的姿勢在很大程度上決定了這個人的個性特點?！贝鸢福築2Which of the following pictures is the fetal position?解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down”可知，“胎兒睡姿”的姿勢是“側(cè)躺，頭朝下、膝蓋往上蜷成一團”，故選D項。答案：D3The underlined word “rig
20、id” is closest in meaning to “_”Astubborn BflexibleCcomfortable Dstrange解析：考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“indicates stubbornness”和第四段中的“you can become inflexible”可推知，該詞與A項意思最接近。答案：A4Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection?AThe fetal position. BThe log position.CThe yearner positi
21、on. DThe freefaller position.解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段第三句中的“Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results”可知，“向往型睡姿”的人對自己要求嚴格，追求完美。答案：C5Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：SubpointC：Conclusion解析：考查文章結(jié)構。第一段是文章的主題段落，點出主題；第二段到第六段分別介紹了“胎兒睡姿”“樹干睡姿”“向往型睡姿”和“自由落體睡姿”等四種不同的睡姿及其對應的個性類型；最后一段得出結(jié)論。由此可見A項表明了該篇文章的結(jié)構。答案：A
高考英語大二輪 （直擊考點+把脈高考+突破難點）閱讀理解 第4講 “錯綜復雜”的文章結(jié)構題專題復習課件（含調(diào)研、真題）
