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1、知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究 理解并掌握并列連詞的四種關(guān)系:聯(lián)合、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇和因果。并列連詞的考查要點(diǎn)為:(1)根據(jù)語意關(guān)系選擇合適的并列連詞;(2)根據(jù)并列連詞的意義及其體現(xiàn)出的邏輯關(guān)系選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語、時態(tài)等。狀語從句的考查要點(diǎn):連詞的選用、時態(tài)的確定、狀語從句中的語序及省略情況;狀語從句與定語從句、名詞性從句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別及綜合考查。一、連詞考點(diǎn)1表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞1.and連接兩個并列成分,連接兩個謂語時,兩個動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)一致。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究Tom came to see me and stayed for a week.湯姆來看我,還逗留了一個星期。I said it an
2、d ( I ) meant it. 我說到做到。2.or常用于否定句中代替and。He never smokes or drinks. 他從不抽煙喝酒。Theres no food or drink in the fridge. 冰箱里沒有食物和飲料。3.as well as用來連接兩個并列成分,當(dāng)連接三個成分時采用A as well as B and C結(jié)構(gòu);連接主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與前一主語保持一致。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究His children as well as his wife were invited to the party. 他的太太和孩子們都被請去參加聚會
3、。4.表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的并列連詞還有:both.and., neither.nor., not on-ly.but also.等。當(dāng)連接兩個主語時,除了both.and.的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)外,其余的要注意“鄰近原則”。Both Tom and John are English.湯姆和約翰都是英國人。Neither my classmates nor I am interested in playing cards.我的同學(xué)和我都對打牌沒興趣?？键c(diǎn)2表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究1.or在句子中連接并列成分,表示選擇或進(jìn)一步說明。You may do it yourself,
4、or (you many) ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做,或是請別人做。She studies biochemistry, or the science of life. 她研究生物化學(xué),也就是生命科學(xué)。2.or (else) / otherwise用來連接兩個意義轉(zhuǎn)折的并列分句。You should take his advice, or (else) / otherwise you might get into trouble. 你最好聽取他的建議,否則會有麻煩?？键c(diǎn)3表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究1.but連接兩個并列成分;連
5、接兩個并列分句時,有時句中某些詞可以省略;還可放在句首,后面不接逗號。We tried to the door again, but it wouldnt move. 我們再次試著開門,但還是打不開。I wont go. 我不去了。But you told me you would. 可是你說過要去的。Im sorry, but can you lend me a hand? 勞駕,可不可以幫個忙?2.while作為并列連詞,其意思為“而;卻”,表示對比。He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜歡流行音樂,知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探
6、究真題探究而我卻喜歡民間音樂。3.yet可以連接兩個并列分句,用逗號分開,也可以在yet前加and,還可以放在一個句子的句首。The car is old, (and) yet it is in good condition. 這輛車舊了,但是狀況良好?？键c(diǎn)4表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞1.for (因?yàn)?由于) 用來引導(dǎo)兩個并列的分句,只能放在后半句,而且必須用逗號與前一分句隔開。for引導(dǎo)的分句主要是對前一分句補(bǔ)充說明理由或推斷原因。for引導(dǎo)的分句不能用來回答why引導(dǎo)的知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究問句。Youd better put on your sweater, for its ra
7、ther cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上,外面很冷。The oil must be out, for the light went out. 想必油用完了,因?yàn)闊魷缌恕?.so (因此;所以)可以連接兩個并列分句,中間有時用逗號與前一句分隔開;也可在so前加and,還可放在一個句子的句首。The monkey came towards him, so he gave the monkey a piece of bread. 猴子向他走過來,他就給了猴子一塊面包。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究二、狀語從句考點(diǎn)1 when, while和as的區(qū)別1.when 意為“在時刻或時期”
8、,它可指“時間點(diǎn)或時間段”,它引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語既可用持續(xù)性動詞或系動詞be表示狀態(tài),又可用結(jié)束性動詞。when引導(dǎo)的從句的動作既可與主句的動作同時發(fā)生,又可先于或后于主句的動作。When you arrive in London, please give us a call. 當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦時請給我們打個電話。When they came home, I was cooking dinner. 他們回到家時,我正在知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究做晚飯。2.while 只指“時間段”,它引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語必須用延續(xù)性動詞或系動詞be表示狀態(tài)。While he was eating his br
9、eakfast, he heard the doorbell. 就在吃早餐的時候,他聽到了門鈴聲。We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須趁熱打鐵。While I was reading, he was playing. 我在讀書時,他在玩。3.as意為“一邊一邊”或“隨著”,著重表示主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究He hurried home, looking behind as he walked. 他匆匆忙忙地往家趕,一邊走一邊回頭望。As the days went on, the weather got wors
10、e. 隨著時間的推移,天氣越來越糟糕。4.如果主句表示的是短暫動作,而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作時,when, while與as可互換使用。在as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,謂語動詞不能表狀態(tài);as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時,謂語動詞可表狀態(tài)。As / While / When she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. 知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究奶奶看報紙的時候睡著了。Im going to the post office. 我要去郵局。While / When youre there, can you get
11、me some stamps? 到了那里,你能給我買幾張郵票嗎?考點(diǎn)2when用作并列連詞,其意思為“在這時;在那時”,相當(dāng)于and at this / that timeI was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. 我正要去游泳,這時向?qū)О盐覕r住了。We were having a meeting when a stranger broke in. 我們正在開會,這知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究時一個陌生人闖了進(jìn)來。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked
12、her to prac-tice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她剛剛做完作業(yè),這時媽媽讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴?？键c(diǎn)3 as soon as, directly, instantly; the moment / minute / instant這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一 就”。I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。I want to see him the moment he arrives.希望他一到我就見到他。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)4no
13、 sooner.than., hardly / scarcely.when / before.這兩種句型都表示“一就”之意,但它們有時態(tài)限制,前面部分用過去完成時,后面用一般過去時。如果no sooner, hardly, scarcely放在句首,句子要倒裝。We had hardly sat down to supper when the telephone rang. 我們剛坐下用餐,電話就響了。She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears. 她剛一說完,淚水便奪眶而出?？键c(diǎn)5the first / second. last ti
14、me (在第一次/第二次最后一次知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究時);every / each / any time (每一次/任何一次時);(the) next time (下一次時)Every time I hear that song, I feel happy. 我每次聽到那首歌都感到愉快。Next time youre here, lets have lunch together. 下一次你來這里,咱們一起吃午飯吧?？键c(diǎn)6before / after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句before意為“在之前”,還可表示下列意思:“還未就;不到就;才;趁;還沒來得及就知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究”
15、。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我們航行了四天四夜才看見了陸地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你現(xiàn)在還沒忘,把它記下來。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我還沒來得及插話,他就給我量好了尺寸。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)7sincesince從句的謂語動詞一般是非
16、延續(xù)性動詞,主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性的或者是反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。since從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時,相應(yīng)地,主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。I have written home four times since I came here. 自從我來到這兒,我往家寫了四封信。在“It is / has been + 一段時間 + since 從句”句型中,時間的計算一律從since從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。It is three years since the war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)已有三年了。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究It is three years sin
17、ce I smoked a cigar (=since I stopped smoking a cigar). 我不吸煙有三年了?？键c(diǎn)8until / till和not.until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句1.肯定句:主句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性謂語動詞,主句、從句都為肯定式,意為“某動作一直持續(xù)到某時間點(diǎn)才停止”。You may stay here until the rain stops. 你在這兒可以呆到雨停。2.否定句:主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞,從句為肯定式,意為“某動作直到某事才開始”。He wont go to bed till she returns. 直到她回來他才睡。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤
18、點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究3.not.until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法。It was until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.直到你告訴我,我才對它有點(diǎn)兒印象?？键c(diǎn)9by the timeby the time意為“到時候?yàn)橹埂?。by the time 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主句用將來完成時;從句用一般過去時,主句用過去完成時。He will have learned English for eight years by the time he g
19、raduates 知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究from the university next year. 到他明年大學(xué)畢業(yè)時,他就學(xué)八年英語了?？键c(diǎn)10where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where, wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時,從句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象條件的含義時,從句須放在主句之前。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them a-gain. 你應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣,把東西放在你能再找到的地方。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者
20、,事竟成。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)11原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because, as, since, now that, considering that, when (既然), in that, for。because 語氣最強(qiáng),用來說明人所不知的原因。回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就要用as, since或now that。當(dāng)回答以why引導(dǎo)的疑問句時必須用because。The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country. 這
21、個意大利男孩兒為國家獻(xiàn)出了生命而被當(dāng)作民族英雄。Now that / Since youve got a chance, you might as well make full use 知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究of it.既然你已得到了機(jī)會,最好是要充分利用。除狀語從句外,一些介詞短語也可以表示原因,這樣的短語有:be-cause of, as a result of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。考點(diǎn)12條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:if, unless, as / so long as, in case (萬一), on condition
22、 that, once(一旦就)等。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. (=We shall go there tomor-row if it doesnt rain.) 除非下雨,我們明天就去那里。Once you hear the song, youll never forget it. 一旦你聽過這首歌,你知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究就不會忘記。As / So long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功?？键c(diǎn)13方式狀語從句1.as, like意義為“正如;按照”
23、,其引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。Do you have to feed plants as you feed chickens? 你是否必須給植物喂東西吃,就像你給小雞喂食那樣?2.as if / though的意義為“似乎;好像”,其引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句應(yīng)放知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究在主句之后。as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。She closed her eyes as if she were tired. 她閉上眼睛,好像累了。He kept working as if nothing
24、had happened. 他繼續(xù)工作,仿佛什么都沒有發(fā)生似的?？键c(diǎn)14目的狀語從句1.so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,意思是“以便;為了”。狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞can / could, may / might, will / would。in order to 比so that正式,引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究之后,而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finished the work ahead of ti
25、me.他們比平常更加倍努力地工作就是為了能提前完成。2.for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,意思是 “以免;以防”。狀語從句中謂語動詞要用should +動詞原形或動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時/一般過去時。Put on more clothes lest / for fear that you should catch cold. 多穿點(diǎn)衣服,以防感冒。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)15結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that, so.that.,such.that.,在非正式文體中,so.that.,such.that.中that可以省略。W
26、e left in such a hurry that we forget to lock the door. 我們走得匆忙,都忘了鎖門了。The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map. 這村子太小,所以地圖上沒有?？键c(diǎn)16讓步狀語從句1.although / though(雖然;盡管), even if / though(雖然;盡管;即使), 知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究while。though與although兩者意思相同,一般可互換,都可以與yet, still和nevertheless連用,但都不能和but連用
27、。Even though he is poor, she loves him. 雖然他很窮,她還是愛他。2.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,要把表語、狀語(副詞)、動詞放到句首;動詞開頭時,主語常與may, might, will, would連用(though也有此用法)。如果表語是可數(shù)名詞,要去掉不定冠詞。但是如果這個可數(shù)名詞有修飾語,則要保留不定冠詞。Child he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是個孩子,他卻懂得很多。3.由no matter what / how或whatever / however等構(gòu)成的讓步狀語從知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究句。However / N
28、o matter how busy he is, he will find time to help us. 不管他怎么忙,他也會抽時間幫我們。4.由whether. or.(不管還是)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。Whether we go or stay, the result is the same. 不管我們是去還是留,結(jié)果都是一樣。考點(diǎn)17比較狀語從句1.不同級比較 This project was completed earlier than we had expected. 這項(xiàng)工程完知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究成得比我們預(yù)計的要早。Tom didnt jump as / so far a
29、s Jim (did). 湯姆跳得不如吉姆遠(yuǎn)。This book is less important than that one (is). 這本書不如那本書重要。2.同級比較Tom jumped as far as Jim (did). 湯姆跳得和吉姆一樣遠(yuǎn)。3.“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 名詞 + as.”結(jié)構(gòu)Harry is as good a worker as Peter (is). 哈里這個工人和彼德一樣好。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)18狀語從句的時態(tài)問題一般來說,狀語從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句的時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。值得注意的是,狀語從句指的是將來情況時不能使用將來時態(tài),而
30、要酌情使用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時;同樣,狀語從句指的是過去將來的情況時不能使用過去將來時態(tài),而要酌情使用一般過去時或過去完成時。如:If their marketing plans succeed, they will increase their sales by 20 percent.如果他們的市場計劃成功了,他們將會增加20%的銷售量。考點(diǎn)19狀語從句的語序知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究1.however / whatever 和no matter how / what等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用陳述語序,即“however / no matter how +形容詞/副詞+陳述語序”或“wh
31、atever / no matter what +名詞+陳述語序”。如:Whatever the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.2.“the + 比較級 + 主語 + 謂語,the + 比較級 + 主語 + 謂語”句型。如:In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, the better our holiday will be.近年來,旅行社成功地向我們兜售了這樣
32、的觀點(diǎn):走得越遠(yuǎn),假期越美好。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究考點(diǎn)20狀語從句中的省略情況1.如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且從句的謂語動詞為be或含有助動詞be, 通常可把狀語從句的主語和動詞be省略,從而使語言更加簡潔、明了。The experiment shows that proper amount of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,適量的運(yùn)動如果是定期地實(shí)行時,能改善我們的健康。Although against my opinion, the old professor didn
33、t come up with his own.即使反對我的想法,老教授還是沒想出他自己的。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究2.如果狀語從句的主語是it,且從句的謂語部分為系動詞be + 形容詞表語,通?？砂褷钫Z從句中的it is省略,從而使語言更加簡潔、明了。Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes. If (it is) possible, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.3.如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,從句的謂語部分沒有be動詞而
34、為一般動詞,通常可把狀語從句的主語省略,而把一般動詞變?yōu)関-ing形式。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention to the dif-ferences without noticing the many similarities.Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.4.在whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,若whatever作表語,系動詞be可以省略。The lawyer seldom
35、wears anything other than a suit whatever the sea-son.5.在as if / though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,若表示將要發(fā)生的動作,從句可縮寫成as if to do的形式;若從句表示的是正在進(jìn)行的動作,從句知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究可縮寫成as if doing的形式。如:The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if to see whether he was going in the right direction.A stranger looked this way
36、and that, as if looking for something. 知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究1.(2011福建) It was April 29, 2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.that B.when C.since D.before【答案與解析】B句意:2011年4月29日,威廉王子和凱特米德爾頓步入婚姻殿堂。本題考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,故答案為B項(xiàng)。本題易誤選A項(xiàng),認(rèn)為本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,如選A
37、項(xiàng),需在April 29, 2011前加上介詞on。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究2.(2011湖南) Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.A.as if B.in case C.while D.though【答案與解析】A句意:杰克沒說什么,但是老師向他微笑,好像他做了是明智之舉似的。本題考查狀語從句的用法。in case“以防”;while“然而”;though“盡管”,以上三項(xiàng)都不符合題意,故選A項(xiàng)。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究3.(2
38、011山東) He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture. A.even if B.if only C.in case D.so that【答案與解析】C句意:他準(zhǔn)備好了照相機(jī),以防能拍到他看到的好的畫面。本題考查狀語從句。even if“盡管;即使”;if only“要是就好了”;in case“以防;萬一”,so that“為了”。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究4.(2011遼寧) No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a des
39、ert may be dry B.dry a desert may beC.may a desert be dryD.dry may a desert be【答案與解析】B句意:無論沙漠多么干燥,那里也未必沒有生命。本題考查讓步狀語從句?！皀o matter how +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語”構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句。四個選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究5.(2011全國) It was a nice meal, a little expensive.A.though B.whether C.as D.since【答案與解析】A句意:這頓飯盡管有點(diǎn)貴,但還是不錯的。本題考查狀語從句連詞的選擇。由語境中兩個關(guān)鍵詞nice和expensive可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。as作“盡管”講時,要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。知識盤點(diǎn)知識盤點(diǎn)真題探究真題探究
高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考案 語法考點(diǎn)講練第十二專題 連詞和狀語從句課件
