《高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試 第二篇 閱讀 第一章 第二節(jié)意義猜測題的解題技巧課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試 第二篇 閱讀 第一章 第二節(jié)意義猜測題的解題技巧課件（51頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第二篇第二篇閱讀閱讀第二節(jié)意義猜測題的解題技巧第二節(jié)意義猜測題的解題技巧根據(jù)語境猜測生詞或短語的意思，或者推根據(jù)語境猜測生詞或短語的意思，或者推斷熟詞生義，是考生必須掌握的一項(xiàng)重要閱讀斷熟詞生義，是考生必須掌握的一項(xiàng)重要閱讀技能，因此，意義猜測題是高考閱讀理解的必技能，因此，意義猜測題是高考閱讀理解的必考題型。這類題包括猜測單詞、短語、句子的考題型。這類題包括猜測單詞、短語、句子的意思和判斷指代內(nèi)容。題干中通常含有意思和判斷指代內(nèi)容。題干中通常含有mean，refer to 或者或者 be replaced by 等。等。1The word “ABC”in the passage probab
2、ly means _2The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _3Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph?4The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ 5The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to _一、常見的設(shè)問形式一、常見的設(shè)問形式1根據(jù)
3、近義詞關(guān)系推測。根據(jù)近義詞關(guān)系推測。作者可能會用一個近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一作者可能會用一個近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一個更難的詞，以便使它的文字意思更清楚。我們可以通個更難的詞，以便使它的文字意思更清楚。我們可以通過尋找近義詞來推測生詞的意思：一要看由過尋找近義詞來推測生詞的意思：一要看由and或或or連連接的同義詞詞組；二要看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的接的同義詞詞組；二要看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。近義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。如：同義詞。近義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。如：At the beginning they did not have enough capit
4、al to start a business，nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.二、解題技巧二、解題技巧根據(jù)根據(jù) nor結(jié)構(gòu)后的結(jié)構(gòu)后的money，bank 可以推測可以推測capital 在這里不是指在這里不是指“首都首都”而是指而是指“資金資金”。2根據(jù)反義詞關(guān)系推測。根據(jù)反義詞關(guān)系推測。作者常常通過使用反義詞來使文章更具表現(xiàn)力，作者常常通過使用反義詞來使文章更具表現(xiàn)力，我們可以利用反義詞作為線索去推測句中出現(xiàn)的生詞的我們可以利用反義詞作為線索去推測句中出現(xiàn)的生詞的意思：一看
5、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如意思：一看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二看與等；二看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。如：如： (1)He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出我們不難推測出homely即即“不英俊的、不漂亮的不英俊的、不漂亮的”意思。意思。(2)Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，expand與與c
6、ontract相對應(yīng)，相對應(yīng)，when heated與與when cooled相對應(yīng)。因?yàn)橄鄬?yīng)。因?yàn)椤凹訜峒訜帷迸c與“使冷使冷卻卻”是相反的動作，那么是相反的動作，那么contract就應(yīng)是就應(yīng)是“收縮收縮”的意的意思。思。 3根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系推測。根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系推測。當(dāng)作者不能肯定讀者能夠理解他的意思時，他會當(dāng)作者不能肯定讀者能夠理解他的意思時，他會用另外一種方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。我們可以通過生詞后用另外一種方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。我們可以通過生詞后的定語的定語(定語從句或分詞短語等定語從句或分詞短語等)、表語、同位語、逗號、表語、同位語、逗號、括號、破折號等的解釋說明來推測生詞的意思。常
7、見的括號、破折號等的解釋說明來推測生詞的意思。常見的用來表示同位或解釋關(guān)系的詞或短語有：用來表示同位或解釋關(guān)系的詞或短語有：is，means，or.；that is，that is to say；in other words，to put it another way；be called，.is/are known as (被稱被稱為為)，.can be defined as等。如：等。如： (1)But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought由由or可知可知a dry
8、 period和和drought是同義語。故是同義語。故drought的意思為的意思為“久旱，旱災(zāi)久旱，旱災(zāi)”。(2)It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is，it will break easily.從后面的從后面的“that is，it will break easily”可知可知brittle 是是“脆的脆的”的意思的意思。 4根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系推測。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系推測。由上下句之間的表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞或副由上下句之間的表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如詞，如but，however等來推斷。如：等來推斷。如：She is
9、 usually prompt for all her class，but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.由由but后面后面“第一節(jié)課上了一半才來第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”反向推理，反向推理，可得出她平時一向可得出她平時一向“準(zhǔn)時準(zhǔn)時”的結(jié)論。的結(jié)論。 5根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測。通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞，既可由因推果，也可由間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如果推因。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如
10、because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示等表示因果關(guān)系。如因果關(guān)系。如： (1)You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通過通過for引出的句子所表示的原因引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯那不是他的錯)，可猜出可猜出blame的詞義是的詞義是“責(zé)備責(zé)備”。 (2)The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was perma
11、nentSo the player could never play the sport again.從從so后面的結(jié)果后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動”中，可以中，可以推測推測 permanent的意思為的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的”。6根據(jù)列舉的實(shí)例推測。根據(jù)列舉的實(shí)例推測。根據(jù)根據(jù)such as，for example等后列舉的實(shí)例可推等后列舉的實(shí)例可推測出前面某個詞語的意思。如：測出前面某個詞語的意思。如： Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt，headlights，and good brake
12、s.根據(jù)根據(jù)such as后面列舉的內(nèi)容可知后面列舉的內(nèi)容可知devices應(yīng)該為應(yīng)該為“裝置裝置”的意思。的意思。7根據(jù)并列同類關(guān)系推測。根據(jù)并列同類關(guān)系推測。一般來說，并列的幾個事物應(yīng)屬同類事物，由一般來說，并列的幾個事物應(yīng)屬同類事物，由此可推測其中一個的大概意思。如：此可推測其中一個的大概意思。如： Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.從句子中不難看出從句子中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬是同
13、類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是“菠蘿菠蘿”和和“椰子椰子”。8根據(jù)描述推測。根據(jù)描述推測。描述即作者為幫助讀者更深入感性地了解某人描述即作者為幫助讀者更深入感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。如：描寫。如： The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can sw
14、im in the icy water to catch the fish.從描述中可以得知從描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極是一種生活在南極的鳥類，后面更詳盡的描述則讓我們推測出它其實(shí)的鳥類，后面更詳盡的描述則讓我們推測出它其實(shí)是是“企鵝企鵝”。例例1 Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A
15、 recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimminglyTwothirds of the homes interviewed
16、 reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.三、典例精析三、典例精析The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_Aearly BsweetlyCquickly Dsmoothly解析：解析： 意義猜測題。第一句提出問題意義猜測題。第一句提出問題“貓狗能否貓狗能否同屋和諧相處？同屋和諧相處？”，第二句講人們第二句講人們“擔(dān)心貓狗打擔(dān)心貓狗打架架”，第三句說最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)成功解決貓狗打架，第三句說最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)成功解決貓狗
17、打架的的“新秘方新秘方(a new recipe of success)”，接下來就應(yīng)接下來就應(yīng)是是“秘方秘方”了了，swimmingly所在句便是講發(fā)現(xiàn)的所在句便是講發(fā)現(xiàn)的“秘方秘方”。本句前面是條件。本句前面是條件，有了這些條件有了這些條件(即即“秘秘方方”)，兩者就會兩者就會“相處好相處好”了；再由本句后面一句了；再由本句后面一句中的中的“a positive relationship between their cat and dog”可以進(jìn)一步確定貓狗可以進(jìn)一步確定貓狗“相處得好相處得好”，故選故選D。答案：答案：D例例2 “Have a nice day.Next！” This v
18、ersion of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same tone (腔腔調(diào)調(diào))with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not_to_me. Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to inc
19、rease business.What does the underlined sentence in the Paragraph mean?AThe salesgirl is rude.BThe salesgirl is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.解析：解析： 意義猜測題。由該段最后一句意義猜測題。由該段最后一句“Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements atte
20、mpt to increase business.”可知?？芍?。此題也可以通過分析其他三個選項(xiàng)得出答案此題也可以通過分析其他三個選項(xiàng)得出答案，A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)文中均未提及三個選項(xiàng)文中均未提及，屬于無中生有。屬于無中生有。答案：答案：D例例3 Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed o
21、n demand do better at school at age 5，7，11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ(智智商商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (樣本樣本)of 10，419 children born in the
22、early 1990s，taking account ofparental education，family income，a childs sex and age，the mothers health and feeding style.These results dont surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this rese
23、arch will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.The word “copperbottomed” in the passage is closest in meaning to _ Abasic Breliable Csurprising Dinteresting解析：解析： 意義猜測題。由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的具體描述可知選意義猜測題。由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的具體描述可知選B。解答本題。解答本題，也可代入四個選項(xiàng)的意思也可代入四個選項(xiàng)的意思，A為為“基基本的本的”，B為為“可靠的可靠的”，C為為“令人驚訝的令人驚訝的
24、”，D為為“有趣的有趣的”，只有只有B最適合。最適合。答案：答案：B例例4 Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked remotely to pr
25、event Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was.Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming
26、 field of online education.The underlined expression “cutting edge” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_Aadvanced techniqueBsharpening tool Ceffective ruleDdividing line 解析：解析： 意義猜測題。由第一段的具體描述來看意義猜測題。由第一段的具體描述來看，這是防止作弊的先進(jìn)技術(shù)這是防止作弊的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，選選A。其他選項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)“磨磨銳刀具銳刀具”“”“有效的規(guī)則有效的規(guī)則”和和“分界線分界線”都不合語都不合語境。境。答案
27、：答案：A例例5 Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic (評論家評論家)Edie Jarolim.“I always loved traveling and always liked to eat，but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing_both of those things.”The underlined word “both” refers to_Atraveling and workingBwriting and shoppingCtra
28、veling and eatingDwriting and eating解析：解析： 意義猜測題意義猜測題，判斷判斷both指代的內(nèi)容指代的內(nèi)容，由前一分句由前一分句“I always loved traveling and always liked to eat”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：C例例6 However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to generally good
29、at something，one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things，itll require even more time，time that most people wont put in.T h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d “ t h a t ” re f e r s to_Abeing good at somethingBsetting a practical goalCputting in more
30、timeDsucceeding in life解析：解析： 意義猜測題。判斷代詞意義猜測題。判斷代詞that指代的內(nèi)指代的內(nèi)容。代詞是意義銜接的手段之一容。代詞是意義銜接的手段之一，此處的代詞此處的代詞that替代前句中的替代前句中的“set a goal and then gradually make it more practical”，故選故選B。答案：答案：B(一一)閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的A、B、C和和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1We studied the board critically.Some of us looked with one
31、 eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured_up our designs.Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.We had plans for that tendollar grand prize，each and every one of us.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練I
32、m going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich. T h e u n d e r l i n e d p h r a s e p r o b a b l y means_. Aformed an idea for Bmade an outline for Cmade some space for Dchose some colors for 意義猜測題。根據(jù)對比關(guān)系和近義推測意義猜測題。根據(jù)對比關(guān)系和近義推測，
33、上下句是上下句是Some.Others.句式句式，“while we conjured up our designs”的對應(yīng)部分是的對應(yīng)部分是“while deep in thought”，可見可見conjured up的意思是的意思是“思思考考，想象想象”，故選故選A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A 2Parents and kids today dress alike，listen to the same music，and are friends.Sometimes，when Mr.Ballmer and his 16yearold daughter，Elizabeth，listen to
34、rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy，such as pop culture，he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom，Hey，the new Weezer album (威瑟樂團(tuán)的專輯威瑟樂團(tuán)的專輯)is really great.How do you like it？” says Ballmer.“There was just
35、 a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulfFrom clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today，the generation gap has not disappeared，but it is getting narrow in many families.The underlined
36、 word “gulf” in Paragraph 3 most probably means_Ainterest BdistanceCdifference Dseparation解析：解析： 意義猜測題。因意義猜測題。因 “Music was not the only gulf.”與上段末句是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系與上段末句是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，可見可見gulf與與gap是近是近義關(guān)系；這里是回憶過去與現(xiàn)在義關(guān)系；這里是回憶過去與現(xiàn)在(文章首段文章首段)的對比的對比，可見這里的可見這里的gulf與文章首段首句中的與文章首段首句中的alike和和same是 反 義 關(guān) 系是 反 義 關(guān) 系 ， 因 此因 此 ， g
37、u l f 的 意 思 是的 意 思 是 “ 差 異差 異(difference)”。答案：答案：C 3Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes.They see the 1960s as a turning point.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say (有
38、發(fā)言有發(fā)言權(quán)權(quán))“My parents were on the before side of that change，but todays_parents，the_40yearolds，were_on_the_after_side，” explains Mr.Ballmer. By saying “todays parents，the 40yearolds，were on the after side.” Mr.Ballmer means that todays parents_Afollow the trend of the changeBcan set a limit to the cha
39、ngeCfail to take the change seriouslyDhave little difficulty adjusting to the change解析：解析： 意義猜測題。結(jié)合上一段可知意義猜測題。結(jié)合上一段可知，todays parents就是就是60年代后的父母年代后的父母，他們與孩子有更多他們與孩子有更多的交流的交流，更加民主更加民主，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)是他們應(yīng)當(dāng)是“順應(yīng)這種變化順應(yīng)這種變化趨勢趨勢”的的，故選故選A。答案：答案：A 4My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my fathe
40、rs knee，his arm in a bandage.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.For as long as I can remember，he had a weak heart.Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes.He said_it_was because of the cigarettes.Whichever，he died suddenly in his early 50s.
41、The underlined word “it” refers to the fathers_Aweak heart Btaking a shore jobCfailure to return to sea Dinjury caused by a torpedo 意義猜測題。判斷代詞意義猜測題。判斷代詞it指代的內(nèi)容。由本指代的內(nèi)容。由本段中的段中的“he had a weak heart”可知可知，it指指weak heart。解析：解析：答案：答案：A5The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of fa
42、cial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces.It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. “ “The cultural differenc
43、e in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said，“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion，Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”What does the underlined word “they” refer to?AThe participa
44、nts in the study.BThe researchers of the study.CThe errors made during the study.DThe data collected from the study. 意義猜測題。判斷意義猜測題。判斷they指代的內(nèi)容。前一指代的內(nèi)容。前一段說到研究人員選取了段說到研究人員選取了13個西方白種人和個西方白種人和13個東方個東方亞洲人亞洲人，通過觀察他們的眼部運(yùn)動來研究文化差異；通過觀察他們的眼部運(yùn)動來研究文化差異；此處此處“that they show”是修飾是修飾“eye movement”的的定語從句定語從句，意為意為“他們
45、表現(xiàn)出來的眼部運(yùn)動他們表現(xiàn)出來的眼部運(yùn)動”，這，這個個“他們他們”，自然就是指在這項(xiàng)研究中參加測試的，自然就是指在這項(xiàng)研究中參加測試的那那26個人個人，故選故選A。 解析：解析：答案：答案：A (二二)閱讀下列短文，從題后所給的閱讀下列短文，從題后所給的A、B、C和和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。For five days，Edmontons Downtown Park is changed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents，and where people are able to cel
46、ebrate and enjoy themselves.Since its beginning in 1980，the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating the true feeling of what folk music is all about and thats the traditional belongingness that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through songs.This year will be the s
47、ixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival.“People coming_off a busy spring and summer can have a moment of relaxation，” Riedel said.“Its really easy to relax，and its great seeing family and friends have fun together.” These families and friends come from all differ
48、ent kinds of musical tastes.People who take pleasure in Blues are there，so are people who love Bluegrass.This festival does its best to develop everyones musical interests.With so many years of experience，the_festival_has_become_a_welloiled_machine，and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as
49、comfortable as possible.There are free water stations throughout the venue (舉辦地舉辦地) for people to fill up their travel cups.When people buy food，reusable ashes are given a $2 plate fee，but that is returned when the plate is brought back.1What does the underlined word “commemorating” in Paragraph 1 p
50、robably mean? ASharing. BFeeling.CCelebrating. DExpressing. 根據(jù)上文的根據(jù)上文的“celebrate and enjoy themselves”可推斷可推斷“commemorating”表示表示“慶慶祝?！?。解析：解析：答案：答案：C2.The underlined word “belongingness” in Paragraph 1 has the closest meaning with _ Atogetherness BhappinessCfriendliness Dgoodness 根據(jù)下文的根據(jù)下文的gather to s
51、hare.推斷推斷“belongingness”意為意為“聚會聚會”。解析：解析：答案：答案：A3.The underlined phrase “coming off” in Paragraph 2 probably means _ Aenjoying BexperiencingCwanting Dleaving 根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“can have a moment of relaxation”可知是可知是“經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷”了忙碌的春天和夏天。了忙碌的春天和夏天。解析：解析：答案：答案：B4.What does the underlined word “Blues” in Paragraph 2 p
52、robably refer to? AA kind of color.BA kind of music festival. CA kind of music style.DA kind of music instrument. 根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“all different kinds of musical tastes”可知可知Blues是一種音樂風(fēng)格。是一種音樂風(fēng)格。解析：解析：答案：答案：C5.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably mean? AThe festival has to be well improved.BThe festival has been running very well. CThe festival needs more effort to support it.DThe festival has brought many benefits to people. 從上下文看從上下文看，這句話是指這個民間音這句話是指這個民間音樂節(jié)運(yùn)行良好。樂節(jié)運(yùn)行良好。解析：解析：答案：答案：B
高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試 第二篇 閱讀 第一章 第二節(jié)意義猜測題的解題技巧課件
