高二英語(yǔ)Unit 2 Robots 單元課件人教版選修七Period 5 Grammar

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1、LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Period 4Watch the clip again and describe what happened as much as you can, using the passive voice. My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?Discoveri

2、ng useful structuresGo over the passive voice 1. be+ V+-ed/-en/-t My homework was eaten by the dog. The toy is made by hand.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候行者是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候(這時(shí)不帶這時(shí)不帶by引起的短語(yǔ)引起的短語(yǔ))。Printing was introduced to Europe fromChina.(省略了省略了by短語(yǔ)。）短語(yǔ)。） Look! There is nothing here

3、. Everything has been taken away. (省略了省略了by短語(yǔ)。）短語(yǔ)。）2)當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的當(dāng)我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的 考慮不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)?？紤]不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially(誠(chéng)摯地誠(chéng)摯地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Clubat 3 p.m. Nov. 23.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 3)當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣

4、在動(dòng)作的承受者當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或興趣在動(dòng)作的承受者 時(shí)時(shí)(這時(shí)可帶這時(shí)可帶by引起的短語(yǔ)引起的短語(yǔ))。The song was composed（組成（組成, 寫作）寫作）by a student. A good time was had by all.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時(shí)為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aregiven The first section of New College English is designed for speaki

5、ng practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/weregiven【例句【例句】These computers were made in our own country.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall begiven【例句【例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his collec

6、tion _tothe nation. (CET-4 1996, 6) has left B) is to leaveC) leaves D) is to be left本句意思為：本句意思為：78歲的歲的Denis先生聲明他將先生聲明他將把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國(guó)家。所以把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國(guó)家。所以leave應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。一般將來(lái)時(shí)可以用來(lái)將來(lái)時(shí)可以用來(lái)be to do sth表達(dá)，因此表達(dá)，因此答案為答案為D.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would begiven【例句【例句】The news would be sent to the soldier

7、s mother as soon as it arrived.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are beinggiven【例句【例句】The machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generationcomputers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed本句測(cè)試點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)本句測(cè)試點(diǎn)是

8、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)develop和和perfect是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞perfect 用的是被動(dòng)形式，用的是被動(dòng)形式，develop也應(yīng)該也應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為用被動(dòng)形式，而且句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now故故develop應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，答案為答案為C。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were beinggivenThe feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have beengivenSwift progress has

9、 also been made in culture and education.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had beengivenThe huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will/shall have beengivenThe book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞This problem can be solved. 這問(wèn)題

10、可解決。這問(wèn)題可解決。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。覆水難收。George might be sent to American by his company in August.公司可能八月份派喬治去美國(guó)。公司可能八月份派喬治去美國(guó)?；蝾愃平Y(jié)構(gòu)（或類似結(jié)構(gòu)（be going to, have to 等）等）變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：This room is going to be painted next week. 這個(gè)房間下周粉刷。這個(gè)房間下周粉刷。Go away! I want to be left alone.走開！我想獨(dú)自待一會(huì)兒。走開！我想獨(dú)

11、自待一會(huì)兒。1、有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被、有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(指人的賓語(yǔ)）指人的賓語(yǔ)）。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They didnt offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到這工作。安未得到這工作。2、在使役動(dòng)詞、在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官以及感官動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞see, watch, noti

12、ce, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to.They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3. Itbe過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞that從句從句 (=主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞to do sth)表示：據(jù)說(shuō)表示：據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等據(jù)信等。 例：例： 據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這次的據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通

13、過(guò)了這次的全國(guó)性的比賽。全國(guó)性的比賽。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)但：但：It _that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案：答案： A. happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)是不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4、be suppo

14、sed to (suppose: vt. 推想推想, 假設(shè)假設(shè), 猜想猜想) supposed:假定的假定的, 推測(cè)的推測(cè)的;意圖的意圖的1)據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)說(shuō)（=be said to) , 如：如： Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.我們一起去看那電影好嗎我們一起去看那電影好嗎?人們都說(shuō)它人們都說(shuō)它不錯(cuò)。不錯(cuò)。一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2 2）計(jì)劃、安排）計(jì)劃、安排。如：如：Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 o,clock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom a

15、t 8:15.我要快些了?，F(xiàn)在差不多我要快些了?，F(xiàn)在差不多8點(diǎn)鐘了。我點(diǎn)鐘了。我原計(jì)劃原計(jì)劃8點(diǎn)一刻去接湯姆。點(diǎn)一刻去接湯姆。3）be not supposed to 表示表示“不允不允許許”等等。如：如：You are not supposed to park here. 這兒不允許停車。這兒不允許停車。5 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞get代替代替 it. （ get往往用在口語(yǔ)往往用在口語(yǔ)中。）中。）酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無(wú)人受傷。酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無(wú)人受傷。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.get +

16、 done 同同 be+done 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：get done 往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中，往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中，而是意外發(fā)生的。如：而是意外發(fā)生的。如：The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車輾死了。狗被汽車輾死了。1、某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)、某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng) 詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell ,read,writeThe dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at

17、 last.The book is so interesting that it sell well. 不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：The book is so interesting that it sell well. “Sell”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來(lái)、銷售起來(lái)、有銷路有銷路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣、賣、出售出售”）This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示表示“主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞 發(fā)出的動(dòng)作發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。，表示被動(dòng)意義。 我的車需要修理。我的車需要修

18、理。 My car needs repairing(=need to be repaired). 3、某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞、某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, fit, have，lack, resemble(相似相似)，suit等。等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了?？梢哉f(shuō)：可以說(shuō)： The

19、 war broke out .但不能說(shuō)：但不能說(shuō)：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有。（但見第態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有。（但見第1點(diǎn)）點(diǎn)） 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“be過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句

20、子：句子：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)The enemy was soon surrounded by us.系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)The house is surrounded by trees.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted. The functions of the infinitive. Except predicate, the infinitive can function as subject, obje

21、ct, predicative, attribute, adverbial and object compliment.Go over the infinitive to be + past participle 當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其構(gòu)成形式如：態(tài)。其構(gòu)成形式如：to be given, to be shut, to be openedExplanation of the passive infinitiveFOR EXAMPLE:She hates to be laughed at. (ot

22、hers laugh at her. She is laughed at by others)2. I am expecting to be given a pay-rise next month. (give me a pay rise I will be given a pay rise.) tips：EXAMPLES: be to + passive infinitive (to be + past participle) is often used in notices and instructions. This cover is not to be removed. The med

23、icine is to be taken three times a day.1作主語(yǔ)：作主語(yǔ)： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 3構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： The books are not allowed t

24、o be taken out of the room.5作定語(yǔ)：作定語(yǔ)： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作狀語(yǔ)：作狀語(yǔ)： She was too young to be assigned such work.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等，如：者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticize

25、d.（主語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）（復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）（復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)） 三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)三

26、、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)2在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap

27、， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3.在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exerci

28、ses to do，I cant go to the cinema5當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today (I是是to type的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ))6當(dāng)不定式隱含在當(dāng)不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中 時(shí)。時(shí)。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do i

29、s to lock the door when we leave the house7一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租出租)，rent， hire，blame等。等。例如：例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.NOTICE動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時(shí)（尤其動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時(shí)（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的，也在口語(yǔ)中）雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的，也往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示

30、。 I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 不定式與高考題不定式與高考題2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.

31、(MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.

32、(MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季

33、高考年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing8. In order to gain a bigger share in t

34、he international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C.

35、seeing D. seenExercise B 2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. toldB 3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been toldD 4. Little Tom should lov

36、e_ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingA 5. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; useA 6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president

37、 is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledC7. He_ and was made to repeat it. A. didnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understoodD 8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep o

38、n doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doingD 9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requestedD 10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. servedBHOMEWORKGo over words and expressions.Go over the grammar.Do Ex3 on Page 56.