高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 （直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn)）完形填空 第4講 議論文專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）

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1、第四講議論文議論文是高考完形填空題中相對(duì)較難的一種文體，它一般由三個(gè)要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。真題示例The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) 39 as weve known it.People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 theyd rather not be.Today we can talk，text，email，chat and blog (寫(xiě)博客)，no

2、t only from our 42 ，but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it，and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 ，many jobs and careers require people to be 46 .From this point of view，technolo

3、gy has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations.Some find todays technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyones view on

4、 the subject，its hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.36A.updated Breceived Cshared Dcollected37A.though Buntil Conce Dbefore38A.respectedBshaped CignoredDpreserved39A.edge BstageCend Dbalance40A.sensitiveBintelligentCconsiderate Dreachable41A.even if Bonly if

5、Cas if Dif only42A.media BcomputersCdatabases Dmonitors 43A.bent Bhard Ckeen Ddependent44A.findingBusingCprotecting Dchanging45A.Also BInsteadCOtherwise DSomehow46A.connected BtrainedCrecommended Dinterested47A.pleasure BbenefitCburden Ddisappointment48A.slightlyBhardly Cmerely Dreally49A.out Bdown

6、Cup Din50A.aspects BweaknessesCadvantages Dexceptions51A.hiddenBlost CrelaxedDdeserted52A.trappedBexcitedCconfusedDamused53A.turnBsubmit Cobject Dreply54A.vary BariseCspread Dexist55A.beyondBwithinCdespiteDwithout議論文是一種通過(guò)剖析事物、論述事理、提出主張、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解的文體。絕大多數(shù)議論文類(lèi)完形填空都把文章的主旨句設(shè)置在開(kāi)頭。作者一般在開(kāi)頭提出論點(diǎn)，然后在各段的首句提出分論點(diǎn)。議論文類(lèi)

7、完形填空的三要素：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。它們一般有序地分布在引子、正文、結(jié)論這種常見(jiàn)的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)中。 文本特點(diǎn)一、3個(gè)應(yīng)試策略1了解論點(diǎn)提出的三種方式，抓住文章的核心(1)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地提出論點(diǎn)本文在文章的一開(kāi)始就提出論點(diǎn)，即：由于數(shù)碼技術(shù)的發(fā)展，獨(dú)處的概念幾乎不復(fù)存在。技法應(yīng)用(2)導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)有些議論文會(huì)先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問(wèn)題提出自己的論點(diǎn)。(3)最后提出論點(diǎn)有些議論文一開(kāi)始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不表明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點(diǎn)。2關(guān)注文章的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為：第一段

8、提出論點(diǎn)；第二段講“獨(dú)處”時(shí)代的終結(jié)；第三段以發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為例分別論述了新科技的影響；第四段論述了be“connected”and “on”的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；最后一段得出結(jié)論：Regardless of anyones view on the subject，its hard to imagine what life would be like_55_daily advancements in technology.3體會(huì)文章中的語(yǔ)言感情色彩作者在寫(xiě)作時(shí)往往賦予了文章一定的感情色彩，語(yǔ)氣和感情色彩的和諧會(huì)貫穿于全文。對(duì)語(yǔ)言感情色彩和諧性的掌握會(huì)為理解全文提供幫助。二、3個(gè)解題步驟第一步：通讀全文，從首尾句

9、入手，抓住中心議論文的寫(xiě)作思路一般為：提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題。因此，文章的第一、二句話(huà)通常為文章的主題句，而最后常為文章的結(jié)論。由主題句：The concept of solitude (獨(dú)處) in the digital world is almost nonexistent.In this respect，new technologies have_38_our culture.可知，既然獨(dú)處的概念不存在，那么信息就是被共享的，所以第36題就可以輕松選出答案shared。同樣第39題所在句表達(dá)的意思也應(yīng)該是與主題相關(guān)的：這種連接終止了孤獨(dú)。bring.to an end使結(jié)束。此外，既

10、然獨(dú)處的概念幾乎不復(fù)存在，那么人們應(yīng)該是能夠經(jīng)常被聯(lián)系在一起，那么第40題中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有reachable(可到達(dá)，可及)，和這一主題一致。第二步：綜合考慮，逐項(xiàng)填空在填空的過(guò)程中，首先要把握作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的鮮明觀(guān)點(diǎn)，而作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)即文章的論點(diǎn)。另外，還要注意段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。議論文的每一段往往就是一個(gè)論據(jù)，而論據(jù)間又是互為補(bǔ)充、互為聯(lián)系的。第三步：復(fù)核全文，整體把握通讀全文，檢驗(yàn)是否每條論據(jù)都合情合理，都能強(qiáng)而有力地支撐論點(diǎn)。36解析：在當(dāng)今擁有數(shù)字技術(shù)、電子郵件、社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、在線(xiàn)視頻游戲的世界中，信息應(yīng)該被“分享”。share意為“分享，共同使用”，符合

11、語(yǔ)境。答案：C37解析：獨(dú)處一旦放棄就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)。once一旦，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C38解析：在這方面，新的技術(shù)影響了我們的文化。respect尊重，尊敬；shape影響的發(fā)展；ignore忽視，不予理睬；preserve保存，保護(hù)。答案：B39解析：bring.to an end意為“使結(jié)束，使終止”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C40解析：sensitive敏感的；intelligent聰明的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；reachable可到達(dá)的，可得到的。由下文“Being reachable might feel like.”可知答案是D。答案：D41解析：即使他們不希望被聯(lián)系到，也經(jīng)

12、常有人聯(lián)系他們。even if即使，雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：A42解析：今天我們不僅可以用電腦來(lái)交談、發(fā)短信、發(fā)電子郵件、聊天、寫(xiě)博客，而且也可以用手機(jī)做這些事情。答案：B43解析：大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已變得依賴(lài)數(shù)字技術(shù)，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了數(shù)字技術(shù)。dependent on依賴(lài)。答案：D44解析：從這一點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，不使用數(shù)字技術(shù)將會(huì)使他們成為局外人。答案：B45解析：而且許多工作和職業(yè)要求人們相互聯(lián)系。答案：A46答案：A47解析： 對(duì)那些可能不想被時(shí)刻聯(lián)系的人來(lái)說(shuō)，被聯(lián)系感覺(jué)是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。pleasure愉快；benefit益處；burden負(fù)擔(dān)；disappointment失望，沮喪。

13、答案：C48解析：我想積極的一面是，獨(dú)處對(duì)于那些真正想獨(dú)處的人來(lái)說(shuō)還是有可能的。really“真正地，確實(shí)”符合句意。答案：D49解析：shut down停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。電腦可以停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，手機(jī)可以被關(guān)掉。答案：B50解析：由后面的“as well as disadvantages”可知選C。答案：C51解析：游客在山中迷路(lost)，手機(jī)已經(jīng)救了無(wú)數(shù)條生命。答案：B52解析：由后面的被迫回答不想接聽(tīng)的電話(huà)可知，手機(jī)也會(huì)使人們感到陷入困境。答案：A53解析：被迫回復(fù)不想要的短信。reply to回復(fù)，符合語(yǔ)境。turn to求助于；submit to提交，服從；object to反對(duì)。答案：D54解

14、析：由下文可知，人們對(duì)這樣聯(lián)系著的社會(huì)的態(tài)度是不同的。答案：A55解析：不管人們對(duì)此的看法如何，很難想象出如果沒(méi)有當(dāng)今先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)我們的生活會(huì)是什么樣子。答案：D(2013福建省六校高三下學(xué)期二模)You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake.The following 36 may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering 37 weakness.A little boy felt sorry for a

15、 butterfly struggling to 38 from its chrysalis (蛹)He decided to 39 the butterfly.So he peeled (剝開(kāi)) the chrysalis open for the butterfly.The little boy was so 40 to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky.Then he was horrified 41 he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and d

16、ie because it did not have the muscle 42 to keep flying.In fact，the butterflys struggle to 43 the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.Like the little boy， 44 too often want to protect their children from struggle in the 45 of love.They dont realize that their children need to struggle，to e

17、xperience 46 ，to deal with disappointment，and to solve their own problems.Only in this way can children 47 their emotional strength，become 48 and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives.Children experiencing sufferings can 49 the ups and downs

18、 of life.However，it isnt helpful either in this case when parents 50 lectures (訓(xùn)斥)，blame and shame to what the child is experiencing.Mothers 51 to say，“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You cant always get what you want.” These 52 words should be avoided.Instead，parents can offer loving supp

19、ort.You can say，“Dont lose 53 .Be brave！You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough partno 54 and no lectures.Simply allow him to discover that he can get over his disappointment and 55 what he can do to get what he wants in the future.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為議論文。作者認(rèn)為父母在培養(yǎng)孩子的過(guò)程中要讓孩子吃點(diǎn)苦頭。孩子在經(jīng)受磨難，經(jīng)歷痛苦之后才能

20、成熟，才能變得堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，今后才會(huì)成為棟梁之材。36A.story BproverbCsaying Dexperiment解析：由下文可知作者講了一個(gè)故事來(lái)闡述這個(gè)道理，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A37A.damagesBburns Ccreates Dexperiences解析：由下文可知，使孩子不受任何苦難的教育將導(dǎo)致孩子軟弱無(wú)能。答案：C38A.hearBsuffer Cdate Demerge解析：emerge from意為“從中出現(xiàn)，露出”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：D39A.kill Bfeed Chelp Drescue解析：由下文小男孩剝開(kāi)了蛹可知，他決定幫助這個(gè)蝴蝶。 答案：C40A.excitedB

21、moved CpuzzledDdepressed解析：當(dāng)這個(gè)小男孩看到蝴蝶展開(kāi)翅膀，飛向天空時(shí)他非常興奮。答案：A41A.as BsinceCbefore Duntil解析：as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”。答案：A42A.power Benergy CstrengthDforce解析：strength指“力氣，力量”，強(qiáng)調(diào)體力，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C43A.come up with Bdo away withCget along with Dbreak away from解析：break away from意為“逃脫，掙脫”，符合語(yǔ)境。事實(shí)上，蝴蝶掙扎著破繭而出會(huì)使其更強(qiáng)壯。come up

22、 with提出，想出；do away with廢除；get along with進(jìn)展，與相處。答案：D44A.teachersBparents CrelativesDfriends解析：根據(jù)后面的“protect their children from struggle”可知，答案為B項(xiàng)。答案：B45A.case Bcharge Cname Dcourse解析：像這個(gè)小男孩一樣，父母?jìng)円詯?ài)的名義想保護(hù)孩子免受掙扎之痛。in the name of意為“以的名義”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C46A.friendships BscholarshipsCrelationships Dhardships 解析

23、：孩子需要吃點(diǎn)苦頭(才能成才)。故選hardships，意為“艱難，困苦”。答案：D47A.strengthen Brequire Cget Dachieve解析：只有這樣孩子們才能增強(qiáng)(strengthen)他們的情感力量。答案：A48A.warmhearted BstrongwilledCabsentminded Dcoldblooded解析：strongwilled意為“意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。warmhearted熱心的；absentminded心不在焉的；coldblooded冷血無(wú)情的。答案：B49A.expectBpredict CsurviveDavoid解析：經(jīng)歷苦難的孩子可

24、以經(jīng)受住人生的浮沉。 survive意為“生存，存活”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：C50A.add Badapt Cdevote Dcontribute解析：然而，在這種情況下，訓(xùn)斥、責(zé)罵甚至羞辱孩子毫無(wú)益處。add.to.意為“把加到上面”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：A51A.pretendBhappen CtendDseem解析：母親們通常會(huì)說(shuō)：“不要再哭了，不要做起事來(lái)像個(gè)被寵壞的孩子。你不可能總能得到你想要的?！眛end意為“往往會(huì)，經(jīng)常會(huì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 答案：C52A.discouraging Binspiring CinterestingDtouching解析：從前一句可知這些話(huà)都是一些使人泄氣的話(huà)語(yǔ)

25、，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免。故選A項(xiàng)。discouraging令人泄氣的。答案：A53A.heart Bface Csight Dweight解析：lose heart意為“灰心喪氣”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：A54A.parking Bsmoking Cdrinking Drescuing解析：前面講到要讓孩子吃點(diǎn)苦頭，不要?jiǎng)硬粍?dòng)就當(dāng)他們的救星，拯救他們于苦難之中。答案：D55A.figure out Bcarry outCrule out Ddrop out解析：只是要讓他發(fā)現(xiàn)他可以克服沮喪，并想清楚他做什么才能得到未來(lái)想要的東西。figure out意為“弄清楚，搞明白”，符合語(yǔ)境。carry out執(zhí)行；rule out排除的可能性；drop out退學(xué)，退出。答案：A