《高考英語大二輪 （直擊考點+把脈高考+突破難點）閱讀理解 第5講 “藏而不露”的推理判斷題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語大二輪 （直擊考點+把脈高考+突破難點）閱讀理解 第5講 “藏而不露”的推理判斷題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）（47頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第五講“藏而不露”的推理判斷題 推理判斷題是閱讀理解題中難度較大的一類題，它包括判斷和推理的過程。解答推理判斷題要以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息進(jìn)行多步推理。考生解題時通常需要透過文字的表層意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深層含義。 (2013湖北卷)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than t
2、hose pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate
3、their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adul
4、ts of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimi
5、stic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang，a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimisti
6、c about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預(yù)防措施)，” the authors wrote.Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health
7、 or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness，medi
8、cal treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However，the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood，individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic，to accurate，to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.語篇解讀
9、德國的一項研究表明，與悲觀者相比，對自己的未來過于樂觀的人在未來10年更容易出現(xiàn)殘疾或死亡。該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人組對自己未來生活的滿意度的期望過高，中年人預(yù)測相對準(zhǔn)確，而老年人往往低估自己未來生活的滿意度。1According to the study，who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段說，
10、1839歲的年輕人組高估自己對未來生活的滿意度，65歲及以上年齡組往往低估，而4064歲的中年人組對自己未來生活的滿意度估計更準(zhǔn)確一些。答案：B2Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _.Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth解析：推理
11、判斷題。第六段說，Lang和他的同事認(rèn)為，對自己未來悲觀的人比樂天派對自己的日常行為更小心，第七段說，這樣的人可能會采取預(yù)防措施(應(yīng)對潛在的危險)，因此選C項。答案：C3How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.解析：推理判斷題。第八段說，與身體不好、收入不高的人相比，身體好或者收入高
12、的受訪者往往預(yù)料自己這兩方面(好身體或高收入)將來會下降得更厲害，研究者說高收入往往與身體出現(xiàn)殘疾的風(fēng)險相聯(lián)系，因此選A項。B項說他們將來會很悲觀，而文章講的是他們現(xiàn)在對將來的估計；C項說他們將來會出現(xiàn)精神疾病，而本段說的是這樣的人群對將來的預(yù)計，覺得自己將來的身體和收入狀況都會下降，因此B、C不對。答案：A4What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical trea
13、tment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析：推理判斷題。文章前幾段提到不同年齡組對自己未來生活滿意度的估計。從敘述看，年輕人太樂觀，中年人較實際，老年人更悲觀，看來對未來生活滿意度的期望是隨著年齡而遞減的，最后一段也有明確的提示，因此選D項。答案：D1細(xì)節(jié)性推理判斷題不同于一般的細(xì)節(jié)理解題，它要求考生要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容去推斷言外之意，而細(xì)節(jié)理解題只需要在原文中去尋找恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容。因此此類命題往往是以文章要體現(xiàn)的觀點、作者對某一事件的認(rèn)識為命題點，往往會出
14、現(xiàn)在文章本身或某個段落的開頭、結(jié)尾的要點歸納的地方。例如：真題示例第4題為推理判斷題。由第四段可知，年輕人對未來太樂觀，中年人較實際，老年人太悲觀，故推斷出對未來生活的滿意度是隨著年齡遞減的，故D項正確。2綜合性推理判斷題通常圍繞文章的若干個段落或整個文章提出，如果單純只看文章中的某一個句子或段落都很難得出全面而準(zhǔn)確的答案，因此要綜合考慮。在所給的選項中，有的是閱讀材料中的細(xì)節(jié)，并非推理；而有的推理，雖然在文章中可以找到依據(jù)，但只是從某個細(xì)節(jié)或段落得出的內(nèi)容，而不能概括整篇的內(nèi)容要求，因此解答這類題目時一定要把所有的信息都綜合起來考慮，與整篇文章相吻合，而不只是與一個點相吻合。Test 1(2
15、013湖北省襄陽市普通高中調(diào)研統(tǒng)一測試)Crying babies，buzzing mosquitoes，ringing car alarmstheyre all annoying noises.But whats the worst？A recent survey lists the things we hate to hear.However，number one on the list was the sound of a dentists drill.“That_sound_sends_shivers_down_my_spine，” said one respondent.“After
16、 a visit to the dentist，I sometimes wake up at night with that sound in my head.Its horrible，” said another.“Ive seen patients shaking with fear when I bring out the drill，” explained a dentist.Of course，anyone whos actually been to the dentist and heard the sound will probably agree with that.But t
17、heres some good news.A new device developed by experts at Kings College London，Brunel University and London South Bank University can cancel out the sound of the frightening drill.The tiny machine allows patients to listen to music on an MP3 player while the sound of the drill is eliminated.However，
18、patients are still able to hear the dentists voice because not all sounds are filtered out (濾除)The theory behind it is fairly straightforward.Microphones are placed close to the dental drill.They pick up any sounds and transform them into digital signals.Then，electronic filters cancel out any unwant
19、ed sound waves.This can be done even if the waves amplitude (振幅) and frequency change.However，the great thing is that this technology also allows other sounds，such as the dentists voice to come through.Its easy to use，too.Patients simply plug the soundfiltering machine into their MP3 players.Then，vi
20、a headphones，they can listen to music and hear the dentists voice without being disturbed by the noise of the drill.Fantastic!So，next time you go to the dentist，remember to bring your MP3 player.語篇解讀一項調(diào)查表明，最煩人的噪音是牙醫(yī)手中鉆頭的聲音，這讓人不寒而栗。然而，最近的一項發(fā)明能將這種噪音選擇性地濾除，這必將受到牙科病人的喜愛。1What is the purpose of the text?
21、ATo announce a recent survey.BTo introduce a new product.CTo list some annoying noises.DTo remind patients to bring their MP3 player.解析：寫作意圖題。本文主要介紹了一項新發(fā)明，該發(fā)明可以將鉆頭鉆牙齒的聲音選擇性地濾除，以此來消除病人對鉆頭的恐懼，因此選B。答案：B2What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?AIt makes me surprised.BIt makes me
22、delightful.CIt makes me wide awakeDIt makes me scared.解析：句意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分前面的“被列為頭號的噪音是牙醫(yī)的鉆頭聲”以及畫線部分后面的“有時半夜醒來腦子里還有那鉆頭的聲音，它太可怕了”可知，畫線部分的含義是“讓我感到害怕”。答案：D3What technology is the tiny machine based on?AIt can get rid of all sounds.BIt can transform sound waves into digital signals.CIt can filter out unwante
23、d sounds.DIt can change the sound waves amplitude and frequency.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，在牙醫(yī)的鉆頭附近安置麥克風(fēng)可以把各種聲音都轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號，然后電子過濾器把不需要的聲波去掉然而，重要的是該技術(shù)能讓其他的比如牙醫(yī)的聲音被病人聽見，因此選C。答案：C4Which of the following can best describe the tiny machine?AHeavy and useless. BSimple and practical.CClear but frightening. DFantasti
24、c but noisy.解析：推理判斷題。從文章對這項發(fā)明的描述看，B項“操作簡單、實用”符合文意。答案：BTest 2(2013湖北省八校高三第二次聯(lián)考)Forbes set out to determine which masters degrees would provide the best longterm opportunities，based on the salary and employment outlook.To find the midcareer average pay for the 35 popular degrees，we turned to P，which l
25、ets users compare their salaries with those of other people in similar jobs by gathering realtime salary data from its 35 million profiles. We then looked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics employment estimate data to see how fast employment was expected to increase between 2010 and 2020 in popular j
26、obs held by people with each degree.Finally we averaged each degrees pay rank and estimated growth rank to find the best and worst masters degrees for jobs.Physician assistant degree is at the top of the Forbes thirdannual look at the best masters degrees for jobs.Physician assistants are medical pr
27、ofessionals who provide diagnostic and preventative health care services under the guidance of doctors.“Both an aging population and health care reform are contributing to a higher demand for health care services，” says Katie Bardaro，Payscales lead economist.”They dont earn as much as doctors，but th
28、eir midcareer average pay is $97,000.Another advantage of a physician assistant degree：employment opportunities are expected to grow 30% by 2020 (from the 2010 employment numbers)，according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.By our count，computer science follows close behind as the No.2 best advanced
29、 degree for jobs.Midcareer average pay for these grads is $109,000，sixth best out of the 35 degrees in our survey.Employment opportunities for computer science degree holders are expected to expand about 22% between 2010 and 2020.Electrical engineering，physics and economics degrees also make the top
30、 10，all with an average midcareer salary of more than $110,000 a year.Not all masters degree holders enjoy anywhere near such optimistic job prospects (前景) or extraordinary pay.Biology，chemistry and history degrees are toward the bottom of the list，but that doesnt mean theyre useless.If youre enthus
31、iastic about these fields，the lower pay and slimmer job prospects shouldnt prevent you from pursuing a masters degree.Before you make a decision，you should bear one thing in mind：masters degree holders dont necessarily earn more than other people in similar jobs，so dont base your decision to pursue
32、one on the idea that youll bring in bigger paychecks.Its also important to think about worklife balance and employee satisfaction for the common jobs associated with these degrees.“You need to consider overall happiness，” Bardaro says.“If obtaining a masters degree causes an imbalance due to time de
33、voted to education and potentially more stress at work，then one will need to decide if these costs are worth it.”語篇解讀 為了弄清楚哪些碩士學(xué)位能提供最好的長期的機會，福布斯從薪水和就業(yè)前景兩個方面對獲得碩士學(xué)位的人作了一個調(diào)查。調(diào)查表明，醫(yī)師助理最熱門，其次是計算機行業(yè)，而生物、化學(xué)和歷史學(xué)位墊底。5Forbes turned to P to_.Alet users compare their salaries with those of other people in diff
34、erent jobsBsee how fast employment was expected to increase between 2010 and 2020Csum up the pay of those graduates with the 35 popular degrees in different fieldsDfigure out the midcareer average pay in popular jobs held by people with different degrees解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段說，福布斯借助這個網(wǎng)站是為了找到35個熱門碩士學(xué)位的職業(yè)中期的平均薪
35、酬數(shù)據(jù)，以比較出就業(yè)最好和最差的碩士學(xué)位，因此選D。答案：D6Physician assistant degree ranks first on the list because _.Aphysician assistants are medical professionalsBphysician assistants enjoy the highest pay compared with other gradsCthe qualifications of physician assistants are not second to those of doctorsDthe demand of
36、 physician assistants is expected to expand largely and they are well paid解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三、四段在分析其原因時說，人口老齡化和醫(yī)療改革都使人們對醫(yī)療保健的需求增加，醫(yī)師助理的薪水不如醫(yī)生高，但職業(yè)中期的平均薪酬能達(dá)到97 000美元，由此可判斷這一行業(yè)的薪水較高，且人們對這一職業(yè)的需求在上升，因此選D。答案：D7What can be inferred from the passage?A$100,000 is a satisfying pay for most of the grads.BIt is the fi
37、rst time that Forbes has done a survey of this kind.CBiology degrees were once hot for those masters degree pursuers.DDoctors earn more than those in electrical engineering on average.解析：推理判斷題。第五段最后說排名前十位的平均薪水是一年十一萬美元，因此A項“對大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生來說，年薪十萬美元是一個令人滿意的薪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。答案：A8According to what Bardaro said in the la
38、st paragraph，we may conclude that_.Aobtaining a masters degree is a mustBa masters degree is not always worth pursuingCobtaining a masters degree leads to an imbalance between work and lifeDthose with masters degrees are bound to earn more than other people in similar jobs 解析： 推理判斷題。在最后一段中Bardaro說，你
39、要綜合考慮幸福的內(nèi)涵，如果為了獲得碩士學(xué)位而引起對教育投入時間的不平衡和更大的工作壓力，那么就需要判斷一下這樣的代價是否值得，故B項正確。答案：BTest 3(2013湖北省八校高三第二次聯(lián)考)He wrote that the “human mind is capable of excitement without the application of gross (粗俗的) and violent stimulants (刺激物)”And it appears that simply reading those words by William Wordsworth can prove h
40、is point.Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth and the like had a beneficial effect on the mind，lifting the readers spirits by catching their attention and leading to moments of selfreflection.Using equipment，they examined the brain activity of volu
41、nteers as they read pieces of classical English literature both in their original form and in a more simplified，modern translation.And，according to The Sunday Telegraph，the experiment showed the more “challenging” works set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the ordinary versions.The
42、 research also found poetry，in particular，increased activity in the right hemisphere of the brain，an area concerned with “autobiographical memory”，which helped the reader to reflect on and reevaluate their own experiences in light of what they had read.The academics said this meant the classics were
43、 more useful than selfhelp books.The brain responses of 30 volunteers were monitored in the first part of the research as they read Shakespeare in its original and “modern” form.In one example，volunteers read a line from King Lear，“A father and a gracious (仁慈的) aged man：him have you madded”，before r
44、eading the simpler.“A father and a gracious aged man：him you have enraged (使暴怒)”Shakespeares use of the adjective “mad” as a verb caused a higher level of brain activity than the straightforward translation.“Reading classics is not just a matter of style.It is a matter of deep versions of experience
45、 that promotes the cognitive (認(rèn)知的) ability，” said Prof.Davis，who will present the findings at the North of England education conference in Sheffield this week.語篇解讀你平時喜歡閱讀英文經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品嗎？最近的一項研究表明，在讀英文經(jīng)典作品時，大腦的活躍程度比讀那些粗俗的、充滿暴力的作品時的高。9What does the author suggest by saying “simply reading those words by Wil
46、liam Wordsworth can prove his point”？AWilliam Wordsworths poems are full of wisdom.BIt excites readers to read William Wordsworths poems.COnly gross and violent words can arouse peoples excitement.DWilliam Wordsworths poems are the application of gross and violent stimulants.解析：推理判斷題。由第一段可知不需使用粗俗的、充
47、滿暴力的刺激物就會使人腦興奮，拜讀一下Wordsworth的那些話就能證明這一點，也就是說，他的詩句沒有使用粗俗的話語，但能讓人腦興奮，因此選B。答案：B10In what way did the researchers make their conclusion?ABy questionnaire. BBy online chatting.CBy lab experiment. DBy telephone interview.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段說這些研究人員使用一些設(shè)備來查看那些志愿者在閱讀英文經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品時的大腦活動，再結(jié)合第四段中的“experiment”一詞可知他們是通過試驗得出
48、結(jié)論的。答案：C11According to the researchers at the University of Liverpool，reading classical works can benefit readers in_.Ahelping relieve their pressureBhelping them focus more on their workChelping them think about themselves carefullyDhelping keep their spirits up for a whole day解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段說，這些研究人員發(fā)
49、現(xiàn)，莎士比亞和華茲華斯的作品能吸引讀者的注意力，讓他們進(jìn)行自我反思，從而升華其靈魂，因此C項正確。答案：C12Which of the following sets off the most electrical activity in the brain?AReading nursery rhymes.BReading selfhelp books.CReading an adapted version of King Lear.DReading Shakespeares sonnets (十四行詩) in Middle English解析：推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段說，莎士比亞的原文把mad用作動詞，這比現(xiàn)代版的直接意譯更能促使大腦活動，再由第四段的內(nèi)容可知，D項最能引起大腦的電波活動。答案：D
高考英語大二輪 （直擊考點+把脈高考+突破難點）閱讀理解 第5講 “藏而不露”的推理判斷題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）
