模擬聯(lián)合國大會通用規(guī)則流程
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1、模擬聯(lián)合國大會通用規(guī)則流程 在模擬聯(lián)合國會議里,參加者(Delegates)以及代表團(tuán)(Delegation)為單位,共同代表一個國家(to Represent A Certain Country),在模擬聯(lián)合國會議中的不同委員會(Committee)里,以國家代表的身份進(jìn)行演講(Republic Speaking)、辯論(Debate)和游說(Lobby)等,爭取國家利益的最大化。 委員會結(jié)構(gòu) Committee Structure 一個委員會由一個主席團(tuán)(Members of the Dais)負(fù)責(zé)。主席(The Chair)主持會議,主席的任務(wù)是按照聯(lián)合國正式的程序規(guī)則監(jiān)督
2、并推動會議進(jìn)程(Oversees Debate and Guides Delegates Through the Rules of Procedure)。會議指導(dǎo)(Director)負(fù)責(zé)審閱代表提交的會議文件。主席助理(Rapporteur)負(fù)責(zé)點名、錄入發(fā)言人名單(Speakers' list)。 一、正式辯論 Formal Debate 1、點名 Roll Call 在這一階段,主席助理會按國家字母順序依次點出國家名,被點到的國家舉起國家牌(Placard),并回答:“present(到)”。 2、確定議題 Setting the Agenda 本次會議將會由兩個議題
3、供代表們選擇,代表們通過討論、投票,確定出要首先討論的議題。在確定議題的階段,主席分別在贊成首先討論議題A和贊成首先討論議題B的國家中,各隨機點出3名代表(即,共6名)進(jìn)行發(fā)言,闡述選擇先討論該議題的原因、動機等,發(fā)言時間為90秒。6名代表都發(fā)言完畢后,將進(jìn)行投票,投票原則為簡單多數(shù),即50%+1。 3、發(fā)言及讓渡時間 Speeches and Yield 產(chǎn)生發(fā)言名單 Open the Speakers' List 代表們確定議題之后,正式辯論開始。主席會請需要發(fā)言的代表舉國家牌(也就是所有的國家都舉牌),并隨機讀出國家名,代表們發(fā)言的順序即主席點名的順序,當(dāng)代表們聽到自己國家被點
4、到之后,便放下國家牌。每個代表有120秒的發(fā)言時間,代表可在大屏幕上看到發(fā)言名單。如果需要追加發(fā)言機會,代表可向主席臺傳意向條(page)要求在發(fā)言名單上添加其代表的國家,主席會將該過的名字加在發(fā)言名單的最后。主席不阻止追加,但其他代表可用動議來阻止。如果代表已在發(fā)言名單上,并且還沒有發(fā)言,則不能在其發(fā)言之前追加發(fā)言機會。 一旦發(fā)言名單上所有國家已發(fā)言,并且沒有任何代表追加發(fā)言機會,會議直接進(jìn)入投票表決決議草案階段。 讓渡時間 Yield Time 代表在發(fā)言時間內(nèi)結(jié)束發(fā)言之后,可將剩余時間讓渡(讓渡時間僅出現(xiàn)在120秒的發(fā)言名單中),讓渡對象如下: ——讓渡給他國代表(Yield T
5、ime to Another Delegate) 這是我們最提倡的一種讓渡方式。讓渡國A代表和被讓渡國B代表私下協(xié)商一致后(傳意向條,會前游說等),B代表在A代表剩余的時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行發(fā)言。如果B代表發(fā)言結(jié)束還有時間剩余,B代表不能將其再次讓渡,主席將繼續(xù)主持會議。 ——讓渡給問題(Yield Time to Questions) 一旦代表將剩余時間讓渡給問題,主席會請需要提問的代表舉牌,并隨機點出代表進(jìn)行提問,提問時間不占用剩余時間,提問內(nèi)容必須根據(jù)發(fā)言者的意思來問。發(fā)言代表可在剩余時間范圍內(nèi)回答任何被提出的問題。這種讓渡方式可以體現(xiàn)發(fā)言代表的思辯、反應(yīng)及口語表達(dá)能力,但如果代表水平還有一定
6、差距,選擇這種讓渡方式就是比較不明智的。 ——讓渡給評論(Yield Time to comments) 一旦代表將剩余時間讓渡給評論,主席會請需要評論的代表舉牌,并隨機點出代表進(jìn)行評論,讓渡時間給評論的代表沒有權(quán)利再一次進(jìn)行觀點的陳述或者對評論進(jìn)行反駁。這種讓渡方式是比較冒風(fēng)險的。如果發(fā)言代表和盟國交涉成功讓盟國進(jìn)行有利評論,且盟國保證他到時會舉牌并讓主席點到他,這樣會對發(fā)言代表比較有利。但如果評論機會落入反對國手中,該國將會對發(fā)言代表的立場進(jìn)行反駁及批判,這樣就會使發(fā)言代表進(jìn)入比較被動的劣勢狀態(tài)。所以,請代表們慎重選擇。 ——讓渡給主席(Yield Time to the Chair
7、) 一旦代表將剩余時間讓渡給主席,意味著代表自動放棄剩余時間,主席將繼續(xù)主持會議。這是我們最不主張的讓渡方式,因為這代表發(fā)言代表對推動會議的進(jìn)程起到了消極的作用,沒有充分利用好時間闡述各方觀點,會使發(fā)言代表給大家留下不太好的印象。所以,主席團(tuán)不推薦這種讓渡方式。 4、問題和動議 Points and Motions 當(dāng)一位代表按照發(fā)言名單的順序發(fā)言完畢后,主席會詢問場下有無問題和動議,此時代表可根據(jù)自身需要舉牌提出問題或動議。 動議或問題Motion or Point 說明 Description 票數(shù)要求 Vote to Pass 動議更改發(fā)言時間 Motion to s
8、et speaking time 如果代表認(rèn)為發(fā)言時間過長或過短,可動議更改發(fā)言時間,然后進(jìn)行投票表決。 簡單多數(shù)(50%+1) Simple majority 動議暫時中斷正式辯論 Motion to suspend the meeting 此動議意味著代表試圖使正式辯論階段過渡到非正式辯論階段,如進(jìn)行有主持核心磋商(Moderated Caucus)或自由磋商(Unmoderated Caucus)。提出動議的代表需要明確動議的目的及中斷正式辯論的時間。詳細(xì)說明請見“非正式辯論”部分。 簡單多數(shù)(50%+1) Simple majority 動議結(jié)束辯論 Motion
9、to close debate 結(jié)束辯論的動議生效后,會議進(jìn)入投票階段。此動議一般在代表認(rèn)為其立場已經(jīng)得到充分闡述,并且決議草案已相當(dāng)完善的情況下提出。一旦有代表動議結(jié)束辯論,主席會請出2名代表陳述贊成此動議的理由,2位代表陳述反對此動議的理由,然后全體代表進(jìn)行投票表決。 三分之二多數(shù)(2/3) Two-thirds majority 組織性問題 Point of Order 當(dāng)代表認(rèn)為主席在主持會議的過程中產(chǎn)生某種錯誤時,可以提出組織性問題,以糾正主席錯誤。可以打斷進(jìn)程提出。 不需要投票 No vote 咨詢性問題 Point of Inquiry 當(dāng)代表對于會議程
10、序有不明白的地方時,可以舉牌向主席咨詢。 不需要投票 No vote 個人特權(quán)問題 Point of Personal Privilege 當(dāng)代表覺得在會場上個人有任何不適時,可以提出各人特權(quán)問題,以求得主席團(tuán)的幫助和解決。 不需要投票 No vote *意向條 Page 代表有任何問題,或者需要進(jìn)行游說、溝通,都可以通過傳意向條的方式向其他代表或者主席表達(dá)。會場有工作人員負(fù)責(zé)傳遞。 5、投票表決 Voting 模擬聯(lián)合國會議絕大多數(shù)的步驟都需要全體代表進(jìn)行表決。表決的對象包括對程序的表決和對會議文件的表決。 對程序的表決(如對某一動議進(jìn)行表決)中,所有代表需要投票,即
11、不可以棄權(quán)。對于決議草案的表決,是一個點名表決的過程,主席依次點名,點到的國家舉牌并回答:贊成(Yes)、反對(No)或者棄權(quán)(Abstain)。 代表們根據(jù)辯論進(jìn)展依次提交會議文件:工作文件(Working Paper),決議草案(Draft Resolution),會議文件提出后,代表們針對其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行辯論,并提交修正案(Amendment)對其相關(guān)條款進(jìn)行修正。 在辯論結(jié)束后,委員會進(jìn)入對決議草案和修正案的投票階段,皆為唱名表決 (Roll Call Vote )。會議文件需要得到2/3的贊成票才能通過。首先對修正案進(jìn)行表決,其次是決議草案。在模擬聯(lián)合國大會中,代表們可以提出多份不同的
12、草案,因此,投票順序取決于草案提交順序。一旦草案通過,即成生決議,不再對其他草案進(jìn)行投票,這一議題的討論結(jié)束,委員會進(jìn)入下一個議題的討論。 二、非正式辯論 Informal Debate 1、?? 有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus 有主持核心磋商指代表們在主席的主持下按照主席隨機點出的順序進(jìn)行發(fā)言,有主持核心磋商討論的核心內(nèi)容、總時間、各代表發(fā)言時間由提出此動議的代表規(guī)定,并需要全體代表進(jìn)行投票表決。一旦動議通過,在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)代表們發(fā)言的順序?qū)⒉话凑照睫q論發(fā)言名單的順序進(jìn)行,因而被成為“非正式辯論”。在這一階段中,提出動議的代表及其盟友一般會更積極地抓住這個機會,
13、闡述立場和觀點、反駁對其不利的觀點,以求得更多地支持。 2、?? 自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus 提出自由磋商動議的代表僅需要規(guī)定總時間,一旦動議得到通過,在規(guī)定地時間內(nèi)代表可以離開作座位,更為密切地和盟友們交換意見,討論各自認(rèn)為重要的任何方面的問題。 總的來說,在非正式辯論階段,代表們一般會因利益的不同自動地結(jié)成多個集團(tuán),因此合作精神是更為重要地,代表們只有在第一時間明確了自己的觀點和立場,并加入到集體的討論中,才可能在解下來的過程中進(jìn)一步地維護(hù)國家利益。此外,對于大國來說,在積極游說地過程中,應(yīng)盡量避免獨斷專行,而對于小國而言,即使討論的某個具體方面對自身沒有任何利害
14、關(guān)系,也需要積極地投入,表明自己對其有所興趣,否則很可能會被孤立在外,一旦被孤立,便很難找到實現(xiàn)自己利益的平臺。 文件寫作 一、立場文件 Position Paper 每個國家在會前都要針對各個議題提交一份立場文件,對本國的基本觀點做出簡明扼要的闡述。立場文件應(yīng)以文段的形式撰寫。 開頭要寫明代表姓名,學(xué)校,代表國家,所在委員會和議題。 首先要概括介紹本議題在當(dāng)前國際社會上的狀況,對整體情況有個大致的了解。然后要介紹聯(lián)合國和本國就此議題的態(tài)度和采取過的行動,要避免冗長的羅列,以能表達(dá)立場為目的。接著要詳盡闡述本國的立場、觀點和計劃采取的行動,需要真實、有可行性。最后用最簡單的語言總
15、結(jié)本國最基本的立場觀點。 一份好的立場文件應(yīng)該包含豐富有效的信息。不僅僅應(yīng)該包含你所代表國家國內(nèi)的相關(guān)信息,全球范圍內(nèi)與該議題相關(guān)的重要信息都應(yīng)該有所整理,并包含到你的立場文件中。我們建議引用一些比較權(quán)威的機構(gòu)、組織與媒體提供的信息,以充實你的立場文件。我們建議代表使用一個簡明的架構(gòu)來書寫立場文件。你的工作不是把你所收集的大量信息填充到結(jié)構(gòu)中,而是把你的觀點、建議以及解決辦法等等信息融合起來加以整理,使他們能夠很好的融合到你的立場文件結(jié)構(gòu)中,讓你的立場文件更有建設(shè)性。以下是立場文件的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一部分:簡單詮釋議題中的關(guān)鍵詞,初步介紹議題的背景與情況; 第二部分:介紹你所代表國家在該議
16、題上面臨的問題與阻力; 第三部分:介紹你的國家以及其他國家和國際組織在該問題上已經(jīng)采取的措施; 第四部分:介紹你所在的國家以及其他國家和國際組織未來的規(guī)劃與對策; 第五部分:你所代表的國家對自己、對其他國家和對聯(lián)合國的期望與建議。 二、工作文件 Working Paper 當(dāng)一國或國家集團(tuán)對議題產(chǎn)生初步的解決辦法時,可以總結(jié)成一份工作文件,提交給大會,向各國介紹己方的解決辦法。工作文件不需要特定的文件格式,可以是圖表,可以是文段,也可以列關(guān)鍵點。也可以將工作文件作為決議草案的雛形,按照決議草案的格式撰寫,具有全面性。 三、決議草案 Draft Resolution 決議草
17、案是按照聯(lián)合國決議文件形式起草的對該議題的解決辦法。決議草案的起草國和附議國總數(shù)必須達(dá)到與會代表國的20%,才可向大會主席遞交決議草案。 起草國 Sponsors: 完全贊成該項決議草案 附議國 Signatories: 不一定贊成該決議草案,但是認(rèn)為這份決議草案很值得討論。 四、修正案 Amendment 修正案分為: 友好修正案 ( Friendly Amendment ): 原決議草案的全部起草國都贊成該修改意見,該修正案就成為友好修正案,直接被添加到原決議草案的最后。 非友好修正案 ( Unfriendly Amendment ): 沒有使得原起草國都贊成該修改意見,該修正
18、案使非友好修正案,需要征集到與會代表20%得附議國簽名,才可以向大會主席遞交。原決議草案得起草國不能成為非友好修正案的起草國或附議國,原決議草案的附議國則可以簽署修正案。修正案表決時需逐條表決。 五、指令草案 Draft Directive 指令草案是安理會處理危機時候的一種文件類型。它和決議草案在格式和功能上都很相近,但是指令草案不需要序言性條款,要直接書寫行動性條款。因為代表們要解決危機,所以指令草案得行動措施要立即、有效,防止長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃。安理會指令草案得起草國和附議國總數(shù)要達(dá)到3個才能提交主席團(tuán),只要10國贊同,且“五?!辈环磳?,才能通過??梢詫χ噶畈莅柑岢鲂拚浮? 二、??危機委員
19、會 在代表討論議題的時候,主席團(tuán)會不定時地給代表們發(fā)放危機材料,其中既有發(fā)給全體代表的材料,又有針對當(dāng)事國的密函。一旦危機出現(xiàn),代表應(yīng)當(dāng)立即停止原來的討論,把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到危機上來。 面對每一次新形勢,代表都應(yīng)當(dāng)思考國際社會應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的行動,適時起草指令草案 (Draft Directive)。指令草案的內(nèi)容是代表認(rèn)為面對危機的發(fā)展,該委員會或者國際社會應(yīng)當(dāng)立即采取的行動。 根據(jù)代表們的不同反應(yīng),危機會按照主席團(tuán)設(shè)計的不同路線進(jìn)行。待危機完全結(jié)束,代表們回到原議題的討論。 危機都是和議題相關(guān)的,建議代表在最終的決議草案中反映出通過危機所獲得的啟示和各國形成的共識。 Conference
20、Detailed Flow Chart Roll Call 點名 點名,該階段要求確定共多少國家參會,參會國家的簡單多數(shù)和三分之二多數(shù)是多少。 The Rapporteur: Honorable delegates, now we are going to have the roll call. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer PRESENT. 問完之后,依照字母順序宣讀國家名。(見國家名單) The Rapporteur: The people’s Republic of China. D
21、elegate of PRC: Present. The Rapporteur: The People’s Republic of China is present. 所有國家宣讀完畢之后,統(tǒng)計到會國家數(shù)量,并計算簡單多數(shù)及三分之二多數(shù)。 The Rapporteur: 50 countries present in all. The simple majority is 26 and the two-thirds majority is 34. Setting the Agenda 確定議題 確定議題,當(dāng)一個委員會有超過一個議題的時候,需要投票確定先討論哪個議題,簡單多數(shù)通過。
22、 首先請分別支持議題A或B的國家舉牌,任意抽取三個國家,上臺闡述支持原因,每人90秒。 The Chair: There are a multiple topic areas in UNEP, so we are going to setting the agenda. The countries those want to set topic A, please raise your placard. The Chair: China, United States, Japan. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for
23、 setting topic A. Each delegate has 90 seconds to state. 剛剛點選的三個國家上臺闡述支持A議題的原因。 The Chair: The countries those want to set topic B, please raise your placard. The Chair: Spain, Brazil, France. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for setting topic B. Each delegate has 90 seconds to
24、state. 剛剛點選的三個國家上臺闡述支持B議題的原因。 The Chair: We heard those reasons for setting topic A and reasons for setting topic B. Now we are going to vote. Those countries want to set topic A, please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: There are 33 countries want to set topic A first. The simple majority i
25、s 26. So we are going to discuss topic A first. [Formal Debate] ·正式辯論階段 The Chair: Now we are coming into the formal debate. Firstly we will open the speakers’ list. Open the Speakers’ List 確定發(fā)言名單 正式辯論階段,首先確定發(fā)言名單(即發(fā)言的順序)。 The Chair: All delegates who want to speak please raise your placard.
26、The Chair: China, United States, Brazil, Peru... 確定發(fā)言名單時,主席隨機點選國家,會議助理記錄點選順序。 Speak 發(fā)言 正式開始發(fā)言,每國代表發(fā)言時間兩分鐘(可能有代表在后期動議更改),在三十秒時,主席叩響桌面提醒代表。 The Chair: The country called please come to the platform and states your position. Each delegate has two minutes to state. The Chair will remind the delegat
27、e when there is 30 seconds left. China. The delegate of PRC: Honorable Chair, my fellow delegates, %&*$^%^… 會議助理注意計時,時間到: The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired. Yield Time 讓渡 如果發(fā)言國有剩余時間,起用讓渡程序處理剩余時間。 The Chair: The delegate of China, you have 40 seconds left. Now you can yield t
28、he time to the questions, comments, the chair or another delegate. 此時有四種情況: 1)讓渡給他國 The delegate of PRC: China yields time to Brazil. The Chair: Now Brazil has 40 seconds to speak. Brazil: Thanks China and thanks the chair. Brazil believes that… 2)讓渡給問題 The delegate of PRC: China yield time t
29、o questions. The Chair: China yielded its time to question. 40 seconds for 2 questions. Those countries have inquiries please raise your placard. United States. The delegate of US: US didn’t understand… 3)讓渡給評論 The delegate of PRC: China yield time to comments. The Chair: China yielded its time
30、 to comments. 40 seconds for one comment. Those countries want to have a comment, please raise your placard. Japan. Japan: Thanks the chair. Japan thinks that it is quite obvious in this topic that…etc. 4)讓渡給主席 The delegate of PRC: China yield time to the Chair. The Chair: China yielded its time
31、 to the Chair. 注意:所有讓渡不得二次讓渡 進(jìn)入問題或動議程序 Motions or Points 問題或動議 問題或動議階段,代表依照規(guī)則提出問題或動議。 The Chair: Now the speech of China ended. Any motion or point? Japan. 此時共6種情況。 1)組織性問題 代表認(rèn)為主席在會議流程上有失誤時提出。 The delegate of Japan: Point of order. The Chair didn’t follow the right order on the speakers’ l
32、ist…etc. 此時,如果屬實,主席承認(rèn)錯誤,并進(jìn)行更正。如果有特殊原因,主席應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋。 The Chair: Thanks to Japan. Now we are going back to correct the order. OR The Chair: Thanks to Japan but the delegate of UK has personal privilege. UK will be added in after the delegate comes back. 2)咨詢性問題 代表對于會議程序不明白時,可以咨詢主席。 The delegate of J
33、apan: Point of inquiry. Japan wants to make sure how many votes we need to pass a point of personal privilege…etc. The Chair: Thanks to Japan and we need no vote for a point of personal privilege…etc. Any other motion or point? 3)個人特權(quán)問題 代表有特殊要求或個人身體不適時,可以提出以求得幫助或解決。 The delegate of Japan: Japan
34、feels thirsty, should we have some drinks...etc. The Chair: Thanks to Japan but drinks and food are self-serviced outside the conference room. Any other motion or point…etc. 4)動議更改發(fā)言時間(簡單多數(shù)通過) The delegate of Japan: Japan has a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds, since most deleg
35、ates don’t have so many points to say…etc. The Chair: Motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to shorten time please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: There are only 12 countries in favor. 26 are needed for simple major
36、ity. So this motion failed. 注意:動議必須經(jīng)過投票才能判斷通過與否,點票工作由會議助理負(fù)責(zé)。 5)動議暫時中斷辯論,進(jìn)入非正式辯論程序(簡單多數(shù)) <1>有主持核心磋商 The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the influences of human activities in global warming. Each delegate has 30 seconds’ speaking time. The C
37、hair: Motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the causes of global warming. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 45 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed
38、. 20 countries can speak in this moderated caucus. Each delegate has 30 seconds to state. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard. China. 本次發(fā)言每次點選一個國家上臺發(fā)言,沒有提示,時間到直接停止。時間到時: The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard
39、. Next country to state is UK. <2>自由磋商 The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus. The Chair: Motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 39
40、countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the un-moderated caucus for 20 minutes. 本次磋商無須組織,20分鐘后所有代表回到會場即可。 6)動議休會,結(jié)束一個階段的會議(簡單多數(shù)) 該動議通常由主席建議,以保證代表們能夠準(zhǔn)時午餐/晚餐。時間臨近午餐/晚餐時: The Chair: Now it’s time for lunch. The Chair recommends for having a motion
41、 for suspending the meeting. We will continue this afternoon at 2:00 p.m. Any motion or point? US. The delegate of US: United States has a motion for suspending the meeting due to it’s time for lunch. The Chair: Motion for suspending the meeting. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise
42、 your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 50 in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. This motion passed. Now our meeting adjourned. All delegates please come back to the meeting room at 2:00 p.m. Thank you. [Informal Debate] 非正式辯論 非正式辯論是穿插在正式辯論中進(jìn)行的,通常是在一名代表發(fā)言完畢后由動議提出的。包括有主持核心磋商和自由磋商兩種程序,細(xì)節(jié)見上表。
43、[Repeat] 重復(fù)發(fā)言到問題或動議的整個流程,直到發(fā)言名單結(jié)束。 Vote 投票 投票,是針對已經(jīng)提交的決議草案的表決。決議草案(Draft Resolution)是代表在會議過程中抽出時間撰寫的,并在撰寫完成后得到其他國家附議后提交主席團(tuán)。主席團(tuán)根據(jù)提交順序編號(Draft Resolution 1.1,1.2…etc.),并下發(fā)至代表討論。討論時: The Chair: Now we have Draft Resolution 1.1 delivered by China. The chair recommends for having a motion for discus
44、sing the Draft Resolution 1.1. Any motion or point? China. The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for Draft Resolution 1.1. China will explain the resolution and other delegates are going to have inquiries on it. The Chair: Motion for discussing the Draft Resoluti
45、on 1.1. A 10-minute moderated caucus and each delegate has 1 minute to state. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 50 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the d
46、iscussion. Now China is going to explain the Draft Resolution 1.1. 決議草案的解釋與答辯是在發(fā)言名單中穿插進(jìn)行的,在發(fā)言名單結(jié)束之后,通常是直接進(jìn)入對已有的決議草案的郵票階段。就算只有一份決議草案,也需要投票。投票順序依照主席的編號順序。 The Chair: Now the speakers’ list closed. We are going to vote for the Draft Resolutions. There are 3 Draft Resolutions and we are going to vote
47、1.1 first. The copies of 1.1 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow the letters’ order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. People’s Republic of China. The delegate of PRC: Favor/veto/abstain (or Yes/No/Abstain). The Chair: Chi
48、na is in favor/against/abstained. [VOTE] The Chair: There are 29 countries in favor, 13 against and 8 abstained. 34 needed for two-third majority so the Draft Resolution 1.1 failed. Here votes the Draft Resolution 1.2. The copies of 1.2 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow
49、the letters’ order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. People’s Republic of China. … 注意,如果通過了一個決議草案,剩余的決議草案自動作廢。如果沒有任何決議草案通過,不會進(jìn)行重新投票,表示會議在本議題上沒有達(dá)成共識,沒有結(jié)果。 Working Paper 工作文件 工作文件是與會代表在會議中,根據(jù)會議進(jìn)程草擬的總結(jié)性文件,作用在于總結(jié)會議前一階段的磋商和合作成果。提交的工作文件直接印發(fā)代表即可,不需要通過
50、或者討論。如果有內(nèi)容詳盡的工作文件,可以建議代表促成一份決議草案。 Other Situations ·特殊動議:結(jié)束辯論(三分之二多數(shù)) 該動議由代表提出,表示無論發(fā)言名單上有多少國家剩余,都即刻結(jié)束辯論,進(jìn)入投票階段。該動議需要三分之二多數(shù)通過,并要求贊成與反對的雙方各選兩名代表闡述支持與反對的理由,時間1分鐘。 The delegate of US: United States has a motion for closing the debate. The Chair: Motion for closing the debate. Those countries in fav
51、or to the motion please raise your placard. China, United States. These two countries are going to state the reason they in favor to close the debate. The delegate of China. You have one minute to state. (China speaking) The Chair: Thanks to China. The delegate of United States. ( US speaking)
52、 The Chair: Thanks to United States. Those countries against the motion please raise your placard. Brazil. UK. These two countries are going to state the objection of the motion. The delegate of Brazil. (Brazil speaking) The Chair: Thanks to Brazil. The delegate of United Kingdom. (UK speakin
53、g) The Chair: Thanks to United Kingdom. Now we are going to vote. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 32 countries in favor but 34 are needed for this motion. So this motion failed. We are going to continue our speakers’ list. Next country to state
54、is… ·追加發(fā)言名單的方法 如果有國家希望在發(fā)言名單結(jié)束后追加發(fā)言(通常是因為立場沒有闡述清楚或者有補充闡述),可以用PAGE向主席申請追加本國至發(fā)言名單末尾,無須投票通過。PAGE格式將下發(fā)給代表。 Translations About the people 委員會 committee 主席 chair 助理 rapporteur 會議指導(dǎo) director 工作人員 staff 代表 delegate About the procedure 點名 roll call 國家牌 placard 到 present 正式辯論
55、 Formal Debate 讓渡給他國代表Yield Time to Another Delegate 讓渡給問題Yield Time to Questions 讓渡給評論Yield Time to comments 讓渡給主席Yield Time to the Chair 問題和動議 Points and Motions 動議更改發(fā)言時間Motion to set speaking time 動議暫時中斷正式辯論Motion to suspend the meeting 簡單多數(shù)(50%+1)Simple majority 三分之二多數(shù)(2/3)Two-thirds ma
56、jority 動議結(jié)束辯論Motion to close debate 個人特權(quán)問題Point of Personal Privilege 咨詢性問題Point of Inquiry 組織性問題Point of Order 意向條 Page 非正式辯論 Informal Debate 有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus 自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus 立場文件 Position Paper 工作文件 Working Paper 決議草案 Draft Resolution 修正案 Amendment 友好修正案 Friendly Amend
57、ment 非友好修正案 Unfriendly Amendment 休會 Adjourn the meeting Sample Documents 會議文件示例 Sample Position Paper Delegate(s): Pan Fangdi, Chen Yilin School: Shenzhen High School Committee: Security Council Sponsors: The Republic of Peru Topic: Situation in Suda
58、n The civil war in Sudan between the Arab Muslim population in the north and the mostly black Christian population in the south has lasted for decades. With more than two million lives claimed and around six million people forced to flee from their homes since 1983, a new crisis which has involve
59、d a greater number of innocent civilians emerged in Sudan’s Darfur region, turning out to be one of the most serious humanitarian crises in the world today. The United Nations Security Council has passed a number of resolutions in the past few years concerning the situation in Sudan. Furthermore,
60、 the Security Council has also called for all UN member states’ contribution to the African Union forces to support its mandate in Darfur which aims at ensuring lasting peace. Peru?condemns?all abuses of human rights, including the murdering of civilians, the raping of women and the boundless lo
61、oting of valuables. Refugees’ being forced to flee from their motherland is also an act against humanitarianism. On the other hand, the protesting which brought instabilities to the society is considered illegal and the procedures taken to handle the conflict are no more than reckless and evanescent
62、 acting. Most seriously, there is an inclination of the secession of the country. For the purpose of maintaining lasting peace, Peru suggests the UN propose a reform in Sudan in order to build a Government of National Unity which will be able to represent the positions of all who are concerned an
63、d divide the benefits reasonably and transparently. Peru has pointed to the violence in Darfur as a situation that demands the UN’s protection of civilians. We urge ceasefire and the abuses of human rights are strongly suggested to come to a halt. Peru would like the UN and its member states to a
64、ssist the Government of National Unity in Sudan in raising funds from multiple sources to rebuild the area. Peru thinks the Security Council should urge relative parties to execute peace agreements and promote political process in Sudan. In accordance with the disordered and unsecured condition
65、in Darfur, the peace talking between the government and rebel groups in Darfur should be continued until an improved Darfur Peace Agreement is made to lead to lasting ceasefire and to guarantee the security in Darfur region. On the other hand, Tribal leaders in this region should be involved in the
66、peace process so that their proposition and interests can be taken into account to make the final agreement more acceptable. Financial aid and subsistent aid, as well as humanitarian aid, from the United Nations and African Union is urged. The providing of social services, such as utilities and facilities including hospitals, schools and household supports,is highly needed. The united military force, which is supposed to be the main factor of moderating the climate of the region, sent by th
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