《高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 （直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn)）閱讀理解 第2講 “難解難分”的標(biāo)題歸納題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 （直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn)）閱讀理解 第2講 “難解難分”的標(biāo)題歸納題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）（42頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第二講容易“顧此失彼”的“main idea”型主旨大意題“main idea”型主旨大意題也屬于閱讀理解中的深層理解題。這種題型中的干擾項(xiàng)通常和文章中的某一細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)，因此許多考生往往只根據(jù)文中的某一信息盲目確定答案。 (2013安徽卷)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You m
2、ay wonder how paving (鋪砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwat
3、er.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every
4、day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day！This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water
5、 all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗機(jī)) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇議論文。文章討論的是人類活動(dòng)對(duì)于水供應(yīng)的隱形影響。1Which of the following is most likely
6、to lead to less groundwater?AUsing river water.BThrowing batteries away.CPaving parking lots.DThrowing rubbish into lakes.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知選C項(xiàng)。答案：C2What can be inferred from the text?AAll water
7、 shortages are due to human behavior.BIt takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.CThere is much we can do to reduce family size.DThe average family in America makes proper use of water.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)”可排除A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“This shows ho
8、w much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.”可知D項(xiàng)不正確。本文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是減少用水量，而不是家庭的人數(shù)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可推知，水浪費(fèi)、水污染和水需求不斷增長(zhǎng)，解決水短缺問(wèn)題需要付出大量的努力。答案：B3The last paragraph is intended to_.Ashow us how to fix leaks at homeBtell us how to run a dishwasherCprove what drinking glass is best
9、 for usDsuggest what we do to save water at home解析：寫作意圖題。最后一段首句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”為主題句，接下來(lái)從四個(gè)方面就steps進(jìn)行了展開(kāi)，即四個(gè)方法或措施。顯然，本段主要是討論我們?cè)诩依锶绾喂?jié)約用水。答案：D4The text is mainly about_.Awhy paving roads reduces our waterBhow much we depend on water to liveCwhy droughts occur more in dry
10、 climatesDhow human activity affects our water supply解析：主旨大意題。本文為議論文，文章開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山直入主題：.clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.討論的是人類對(duì)于水供應(yīng)的顯性和隱性影響。第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)”似乎將話題轉(zhuǎn)入自然方面的原因，
11、但接下來(lái)的“but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs”又將話題轉(zhuǎn)回到人類自身方面管理。第三段中的“Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.”以及第四段中的“You can take steps to save water in your home.”均指向的是人類行為對(duì)于水供應(yīng)的影響。答案：D主旨大意題要求考生要善于抓取文章的主
12、題句。主題句通常表達(dá)了文章的中心思想(main idea)，考生找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句通常在文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)，但是也有一些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，這就需要考生抓住文章中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行歸納概括。例如真題示例第4題，文章第一段第一句“Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that.”是文章的主題，用水過(guò)多或者把垃圾扔進(jìn)河里，就是這樣的人類行為讓我們的水資源處于匱乏之中，但這種方式也
13、影響到我們的用水供應(yīng)，以下篇幅主要圍繞人類如何影響水資源展開(kāi)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。Test 1(2013湖北省武漢名校高三第二次調(diào)研測(cè)試)Researchers have discovered what they believe to be the first ever recordings of a family Christmas.Researchers have discovered what they believe to be the first ever recordings of a family Christmas.They were made 110 years ago by th
14、e Wall family who lived in North London.There are 24 clear recordings on wax cylinder records (蠟筒唱片) which were made between 1902 and 1917.The sound quality of the music recorded is outstanding.Cromwell and Mini Wall had nine children，eight of whom appeared on the earlier recordings made before Worl
15、d War .“When I first heard the recordings，I jumped with joy，” said Julia Hoffbrand，a researcher at the Museum of London who helped restore the recordings.“It was fantastic.We had an idea of what was on the recordings because Cromwell had written very full descriptions on the cylinder boxes.”Many of
16、the recordings were made at family gatherings over Christmas and New Year.Cromwell Wall，who made the recordings，wheeled the phonograph (留聲機(jī)) along the streets in his childrens pram (嬰兒車) in order to record the sound of Old Southgate Church bells of New Year.Some of the later recordings were made dur
17、ing World War when three of the children，who appeared in earlier recordings were absent from recordings，away at war.The recordings were restored this summer and many of the relatives heard them for the first time in October.It brought back some great memories for Oliver Wall，one of Cromwells grandch
18、ildren.“ It was a wonderful atmosphere.I remember the occasions always at Christmas and we always had big parties and sang round the piano with grandpa playing.”It is very unusual for recordings on wax phonograph cylinders to survive for so long.Phonographs were introduced for use in offices as dict
19、ating machines and so it was extremely rare for them to be used to record domestic sounds and occasions.Julia Hoffbrand said，“Phonographs and cylinders were expensive at that time，so you had to have a certain level of income to record and a level of skill and care to make recordings and to take care
20、 of the cylinders.”語(yǔ)篇解讀研究人員宣稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一張慶祝家庭圣誕節(jié)的錄音唱片。1What is the main idea of the passage?AThe Wall family in North London celebrated Christmas Day.BEnglish researchers discovered the first recordings of Christmas Day.CCromwell Wall made the first recordings of church bells of New Year.DThe earliest rec
21、ordings in the world were discovered in England.解析：考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文主旨句“Researchers have discovered what they believe to be the first ever recordings of a family Christmas.”可知，研究人員宣稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一張慶祝家庭圣誕節(jié)的錄音唱片。故B項(xiàng)最能概括本文主旨。答案：B2What do we know about Julia Hoffbrand?AShe made the recordings by herself.BShe helped re
22、store the recordings.CShe was a relative of the Wall family.DShe helped keep the recordings.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“said Julia Hoffbrand，a researcher at the Museum of London who helped restore the recordings.”可知，Julia Hoffbrand負(fù)責(zé)修復(fù)了錄音唱片。答案：B3How did Julia Hoffbrand feel when she first heard the recordings
23、?AVery thrilled.BVery frightened.CVery annoyed. DVery disappointed.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“When I first heard the recordings，I jumped with joy，said Julia Hoffbrand”可知，當(dāng)Julia Hoffbrand第一次聽(tīng)到這個(gè)錄音的時(shí)候她感到非常興奮。答案：A4From the last paragraph，we can infer that_.Aphonographs and cylinders are very common nowBthe W
24、all family were very wealthy at that timeCthe Wall family had to have the recordings madeDthe cylinders were taken good care of by Julia Hoffbrand解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Phonographs and cylinders were expensive at that time，so you had to have a certain level of income to record”可知，留聲機(jī)和蠟筒唱片當(dāng)時(shí)都非常昂貴，一個(gè)家庭要有可
25、觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入才能錄制唱片，故可推斷Wall一家當(dāng)時(shí)非常富有。答案：BChicken Soup for the Soul had chosen one of my poems for publication.It was my first published piece and it was a poem I had written for her.I wanted so much to give Olivia a copy of the book with her special poem in it in person，as a parting gift，but this was our l
26、ast visit and the books hadnt come yet.After watching her go I slipped upstairs to my room，and took out the small pile of envelopes that were held safely.One by one I opened the cards and letters，and read the notes my “bosom friend” had written to me over time.They made me smile，langh and cry all at
27、 once.The next afternoon the books arrived，each holding my poem，Heart to Heart.“It will give you an excuse to see her again！” Mom said.“Call and see if she can swing by and get it on their way through.” I dashed upstairs to call Olivia.“I have something I have to give you before you go.Will you be c
28、oming through town on your way to Kentucky？” It was Thursday night and theyd be leaving Saturday.Saturday afternoon，she did.I handed the book to her without a word.She held it in her hands for a moment，saying，“Oh my gosh，I cant believe its here！”The truck was out of sight.The road was empty，but my h
29、eart was full again.Moments later，Olivia texted me when I was out of minutes (she doesnt like texting，but I guess Im special enough for her to make an exception)It read：“Crying.Thank you.Its more beautiful than you know.”I whispered the poem，“My dear friend，I will remember you in the sunrise.Remembe
30、r me in the sunset.”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文，主要描寫了兩個(gè)親密的朋友分別的情景。5What present did the writer want to give Olivia?AA book on making chicken soup for health.BA book with a special poem written for Olivia.CA book about solid lasting friendship.DA book about faith and dreams.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“I wanted so much to give
31、 Olivia a copy of the book with her special poem in it in person，as a parting gift”可知，作者想送給Olivia一本書作為分別的禮物，書中有作者為Olivia寫的一首詩(shī)，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B6The late arrival of the books_.Amade the author angry with the publisherBleft the author regretful for not giving one to OliviaCoffered the author a chance of seein
32、g Olivia againDgave the author an excuse to visit Olivia in Kentucky解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。結(jié)合第四段中的“It will give you an excuse to see her again！”以及后文作者和Olivia的再次相見(jiàn)可知，書來(lái)得晚了，但給了作者再次見(jiàn)到Olivia的機(jī)會(huì)。答案：C7What can we conclude from the text?ATrue friends can grow separately without growing apart.BBe slow in choosing a frie
33、nd，slower in changing.CA friend without faults will never be found.DA good book is the best of friends，the same today and forever.解析：考查推理判斷。文章通過(guò)敘述作者與朋友Olivia分開(kāi)時(shí)的不舍，以及作者專門為朋友Olivia創(chuàng)作的小詩(shī)等，告訴我們，真正的朋友可以有各自的成長(zhǎng)道路，但不會(huì)因分離而越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，即友誼長(zhǎng)存。答案：A8The passage is mainly about_.Athe story of ending a friendshipBthe tru
34、e friendship between two girlsCthe meeting of two pen palsDthe pain of moving away from hometown解析：考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文通過(guò)描述作者和朋友Olivia分別的場(chǎng)景，表現(xiàn)了兩人之間友誼的真摯，因此B項(xiàng)正確。答案：BTest 3(2013湖北省襄陽(yáng)五校高三下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考)Not long ago，selfdriving cars seemed like science fiction.But Google is now operating socalled autonomous cars i
35、n California and Nevada.But one question is getting little attention：should selfdriving cars be legal？And if they are，how will the laws of driving have to adapt？At present all our rules about driving are based on having a human behind the wheel.Car crashes are a leading cause of death for Americans
36、ages 4 to 34.Supporters believe that selfdriving cars can make driving safer by eliminating distracted (注意力分散的) driving and other human mistakes.Googles selfdriving cars have cameras on the top to look around them and computers to do the driving.In the first 300,000 miles，Google reported that its ca
37、rs had not had a single accident.As selfdriving cars become more common，there will be many new legal questions.If a selfdriving car gets into an accident，the human who is “copiloting (副駕駛)” may not be fully at faulthe may even be an injured party.Who should be responsible for the traffic accident？Th
38、e human in the selfdriving car or the cars manufacturer？New laws will have to be written to sort all this out.How involved are we going to expect the human copilot to be？Must the “drivers” remain vigilant，their hands on the wheel and their eyes on the road？If not，what are they allowed to do inside o
39、r outside the car？Can the human in the car drink？Textmessage？Read a book?At the signing ceremony for Californias self drivingcar law，Governor Jerry Brown was asked who is responsible when a selfdriving car runs a red light.He answered：“I dont knowwhoever owns the car，I would think.” But we will work
40、 that out.That will be the easiest thing to work out. Googles Brin joked，“Selfdriving cars dont run red lights.” Neither answer is sufficient.Should selfdriving cars be legal，they were likely to start showing up faster and in greater numbers than people expect.But if that is the case，we need to star
41、t thinking about the legal questions now.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為議論文。最近美國(guó)的加利福尼亞州和內(nèi)華達(dá)州通過(guò)立法，允許無(wú)人駕駛汽車在這兩個(gè)州行駛。作者認(rèn)為在無(wú)人駕駛汽車普及之前，我們應(yīng)該修改交通法規(guī)。9If selfdriving cars are legal，all rules about driving have to be changed，because_.Athe present rules about driving are aimed at human driversBthe present rules about driving are out o
42、f dateChuman driving is different from selfdrivingDselfdriving cars will never violate rules for driving解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“At present all our rules about driving are based on having a human behind the wheel.”可知，目前的交通法規(guī)針對(duì)的是駕駛汽車的司機(jī)，而關(guān)于無(wú)人駕駛汽車的交通法規(guī)還是空白。故如果無(wú)人駕駛汽車合法的話，所有目前的交通法規(guī)都得重新修改。答案：A10What is the ma
43、in idea of the third paragraph?ADangers of human driving.BLeading causes of death for Americans.CDisadvantages of selfdriving cars.DReasons for supporting selfdriving cars.解析：考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是支持無(wú)人駕駛汽車者的理由：無(wú)人駕駛汽車很安全。答案：D11What does the underlined word “vigilant” in Paragraph 5 mean?ARelaxed.
44、BCareless.CDangerous. DAlert.解析：考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的描述“their hands on the wheel and their eves on the road”以及“If not”后的內(nèi)容可以判斷，vigilant意為“警覺(jué)的，警惕的”。答案：D12Which of the following does the author most likely agree to?AIt is high time that all states in the USA made self driving cars legal.BA human driver shou
45、ld take responsibility if selfdriving cars run red lights.CRules for driving should be adapted before we make selfdriving cars legal.DThe human drivers in selfdriving cars should not be allowed to drink.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But if that is the case，we need to start thinking about the legal questions now.”可知，作者認(rèn)為在無(wú)人駕駛汽車普及之前，我們現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該考慮交通法規(guī)的問(wèn)題。答案：C
高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 （直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn)）閱讀理解 第2講 “難解難分”的標(biāo)題歸納題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）
