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1、第八講“不明身份”的代詞指代題 代詞指代題要求考生依據(jù)一定的上下文推測(cè)代詞指代的意義。尤其在人物及事物關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜的情況下確定代詞的指代內(nèi)容時(shí)，更要理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系。(2013四川卷)On a sunny day last August，Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully，he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.Two 12yearold boys，Christian and Jack，rowed out a bo
2、at to search for a football.Once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed
3、 by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head，” Tim recalls(回憶)“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so，he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point，I considered turning back，” he says
4、.“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.”After 30 minutes of struggling，he was close enough to yell to the boys，“Take down the umbrella！”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing，but the waves were almost to
5、o strong for him.“Lets aim for the pier (碼頭)，”Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward，waves crashed over the boat，and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim？” he cried.“A little bit，” the boys said.Once they were in the water，Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the b
6、oys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.“Are we almost there？”they asked again and again. “Yes，” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes，they reached the pier.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。全文記敘了Tim成功地從海中解救了兩
7、個(gè)12歲男孩的故事。1Why did the two boys go to the sea?ATo go boat rowing.BTo get back their football.CTo swim in the open water.DTo test the umbrella as a sail.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的Two 12yearold boys.search for a football.可知B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B2What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe beach.BThe water.CThe boat. DThe wind
8、.解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。文中第二段后三句意為：他們一把船劃出靜水區(qū)，綁在船上的沙灘傘就遇到了風(fēng)，然后把船拖進(jìn)了開(kāi)闊的水域。這兩個(gè)男孩慌了，盡力想劃回海岸。但是他們不是大風(fēng)的對(duì)手，船失去了控制。此處的it指的是the wind。本題易誤選B和C，但water和boat都是在wind的作用下才產(chǎn)生力量，所以與兩個(gè)男孩對(duì)抗的是the wind。答案：D3Why did Tim raise his head regularly?ATo take in enough fresh air.BTo consider turning back or not.CTo check his distance from
9、the boys.DTo ask the boys to take down the umbrella.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.“我在盡力弄清楚如何以最近的路線游到男孩們那里”可知，此處Tim抬頭是為了確認(rèn)他與孩子們之間的距離。A項(xiàng)“吸入足夠的新鮮空氣”文章未提及，B項(xiàng)“考慮是否要返回去”，由下文可知只是作者一時(shí)的想法，而不是每次抬頭都會(huì)考慮，D項(xiàng)“要求男孩們把傘放下來(lái)”是他游到男孩附近才說(shuō)的，故均排除。答案：C4How did the two boys
10、 finally reach the pier?AThey were dragged to the pier by Tim.BThey swam to the pier all by themselves.CThey were washed to the pier by the waves.DThey were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的.Tim decided.to pull the boys toward the pier.可知男孩們是被Tim拖到碼頭邊的。所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。答案：A做這類題考生首先要返回
11、原文，找出此代詞；其次，通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境，找出該代詞指代的名詞、名詞性詞組或句子；再其次，將找到的詞、詞組或句子代入，替換該代詞，看意思是否通順；最后，將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)相比較，找出意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。例如真題示例第2題，此題考查代詞指代題，文中第二段后三句意為：他們一把船劃出靜水區(qū)，綁在船上的沙灘傘就遇到了風(fēng)，然后把船拖進(jìn)了開(kāi)闊的水域。這兩個(gè)男孩慌了，盡力想劃回海岸。但是他們不是大風(fēng)的對(duì)手，船失去了控制。此處的it指的是the wind。(2013廈門市高三質(zhì)量檢查)FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decade
12、s，requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts，cantaloupes (甜瓜)，and leafy greens.The longoverdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.Just since last summer，outbreaks of Listeria (李氏桿菌)in che
13、ese and Salmonella (沙門氏菌) in peanut butter，cantaloupes and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths，according to the Centers for Disease Control.The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.The FDAs proposed rules would require farmers to take new
14、precautions against contamination (污染)，to include making sure workers hands are washed，that irrigation (灌溉) water is clean，and that animals stay out of fields.Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.Many responsible f
15、ood companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take.But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the largescale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.In a 2011 outbreak of Listeria in cant
16、aloupes that claimed 33 lives，for example，F(xiàn)DA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown.In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 Salmonella illnesses，inspectors found samples of Salmonella th
17、roughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.Under the new rules，companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct t
18、hem.“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen，” said Michael Taylor，F(xiàn)DAs deputy commissioner for foods.語(yǔ)篇解讀食品和藥物管理局(FDA)提議在未來(lái)幾十年內(nèi)要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行有關(guān)食品安全的規(guī)定，謹(jǐn)防食源性疾病的暴發(fā)。1The main task of FDA is probably_.Ato protect and promote the public healthBto help those sickened recoverCt
19、o research on food safety measuresDto deal with water pollution解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The longoverdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.”可知，F(xiàn)DA的主要任務(wù)可能是保護(hù)和提升公眾的健康，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A2According to the passage，the new rules focus on _.Ainspecting the whole proce
20、ss of food productionBimproving food processing equipment on farmsCpreventing water pollution in food productionDurging food companies to lay out plans解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知，新規(guī)定要求農(nóng)民和制造商確保食品生產(chǎn)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)安全無(wú)污染，故A項(xiàng)“新規(guī)定聚焦于監(jiān)測(cè)食品安全的過(guò)程”正確。答案：A3What does the word “ they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AInspectors. BFarmers.
21、CManufacturers. DWorkers.解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句的內(nèi)容可推知，they指代該句話的主語(yǔ)Food manufacturers。答案：C4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.BThe 2011 outbreak of Listeria is the most serious ever.CFarmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.DColorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句中的“The longoverdue regulations”可知，這些規(guī)章制度本應(yīng)早一些投入實(shí)施。答案：A
高考英語(yǔ)大二輪 （直擊考點(diǎn)+把脈高考+突破難點(diǎn)）閱讀理解 第8講 “不明身份”的代詞指代題專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（含調(diào)研、真題）
