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1、高中語法綜合高中語法綜合復習全解復習全解句子種類學習目標：句子種類學習目標：1. 掌握簡單句的六大句型；掌握簡單句的六大句型；2. 掌握祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句掌握祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句 的結構和用法；的結構和用法；3. 掌握并列句及復合句中連詞的選擇掌握并列句及復合句中連詞的選擇 和使用。和使用。句句子子種種類類 句子的用途句子的用途 陳述句陳述句疑問句疑問句祈使句祈使句感嘆句感嘆句句子的結構句子的結構 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復合句復合句 點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接I. Statements (
2、陳述句陳述句)Simon is playing football. (肯定句肯定句) Simon is not playing football. (否定句否定句)There is something wrong with my bike. (肯定句肯定句) There isnt anything wrong with my bike. (否定句否定句)Millie can deal with the problem of stress.(肯定句肯定句) Millie can not deal with the problem of stress. (否定句否定句)返回II. Question
3、s (疑問句疑問句)Yes/No questions 一般疑問句一般疑問句- Is Simon playing football? - Yes, he is./No, he isnt.- Does Simon like to play football? - Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.wh- questions 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句- Who is playing football? - Simon is .- When does Simon play football? - After school.Questions with or 選擇疑問句選擇疑問句- I
4、s your friend a boy or a girl? - A boy.- Which do you prefer, art or PE? - PE.Tag questions 反意疑問句反意疑問句- Simon likes to play football, doesnt he? - Yes, he does.- Simon never plays football, does he? - Yes, he does.返回III. Imperatives 祈使句祈使句肯定式肯定式1. Stop talking. 2. Be confident.3. (Please ) come in.4
5、. Lets go and play football.5. Let us help you.否定式否定式1. Dont talk again. 2. Dont be nervous.3. (Please) dont draw on the wall.4. No smoking/parking.反意疑反意疑問句的問句的構成構成1. Close the window, will you?2. Dont draw on the wall, will you?3. Let us go swimming, will you?4. Lets go and play football, shall we?
6、 返回IV. Exclamations 感嘆句感嘆句常見基本結構及例句常見基本結構及例句1. What + a/an + adj. + n. (單數單數) + (主主 + 謂謂)!如：如：What a wonderful football game (it is)! What an exciting match!2. What + adj. + n (復數或不可數復數或不可數) +(主主 + 謂謂)！如：如：What beautiful flowers (they are)! What bad weather (it is)!3. How + adj./adv. + (主主 + 謂謂)！如：如
7、：How wonderful (the game is)! How slowly the old man walks! How exciting!返回簡單句簡單句簡單句：只含有一個主謂結構并且句子各簡單句：只含有一個主謂結構并且句子各 成分都只由單詞或短語構成的獨成分都只由單詞或短語構成的獨 立句子或分句叫做簡單句。立句子或分句叫做簡單句。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. My sister will fix everything.Six kinds of sentence
8、structures簡單句簡單句的六的六種基本句型種基本句型掌握這六種基本句型，是掌握各種英語掌握這六種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。其他各種句子都可由句子結構的基礎。其他各種句子都可由這些基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。這些基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。英語的簡單句有英語的簡單句有六六種基本句型種基本句型：1) 主語主語 + 不及物動詞不及物動詞； 2) 主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語；表語；3) 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語；賓語；4) 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 間賓間賓 + 直賓；直賓；5) 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語 + 賓補；
9、賓補；6) There be 結構。結構。1. Spring is coming. 春天到了。春天到了?！窘Y構描述結構描述】 主語主語 + 不及物動詞不及物動詞【用法記憶用法記憶】 不及物動詞后面不能直接不及物動詞后面不能直接跟賓語，但有時根據意義的需要常會接跟賓語，但有時根據意義的需要常會接狀語?？稍趧釉~后加介詞再接賓語。如：狀語。可在動詞后加介詞再接賓語。如：She smiles happily. 她高興地笑了。她高興地笑了。He is looking at the monkey. 他正看著猴子。他正看著猴子。 2. Leaves turn green. 樹葉變綠了。樹葉變綠了?！窘Y構描述
10、結構描述】 主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語【用法記憶用法記憶】系動詞是起到聯系作用的動詞，系動詞是起到聯系作用的動詞，是連接主語和表語的。系動詞的數量是有限是連接主語和表語的。系動詞的數量是有限的，常見的只有十幾個，我們把它們分成四的，常見的只有十幾個，我們把它們分成四組，這樣有助于我們記憶系動詞：組，這樣有助于我們記憶系動詞：一一 be動詞類：動詞類： am、 is 、are 、was 、were 二表示變化類：二表示變化類：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go 三感官動詞類：眼三感官動詞類：眼(look)、耳、耳(sound)、 鼻鼻(smell)、舌、舌(
11、taste)、 身身(feel) 四表示延續(xù)性的動詞：四表示延續(xù)性的動詞：remain 、stay 、 keep 表語通常是來說明主語的性質、特征的。表語通常是來說明主語的性質、特征的。通常由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等充當。通常由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等充當。如：如：The crane looks beautiful.3. Cows eat grass on the hill. 牛兒在山上吃草。牛兒在山上吃草?！窘Y構描述結構描述】 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語【用法記憶用法記憶】 賓語可以由名詞、代詞、賓語可以由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動詞不定式、v.-ing形式等充當。上句中形
12、式等充當。上句中的的on the hill是地點狀語，即使省略也不是地點狀語，即使省略也不影響句子結構的完整。如：影響句子結構的完整。如：He broke his leg in an accident.4. The spring gives us a warm hug. 春天給我們以熱情的擁抱。春天給我們以熱情的擁抱?！窘Y構描述結構描述】 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 間接賓語間接賓語(人人) + 直接賓語直接賓語(物物)【用法記憶用法記憶】 間接賓語和直接賓語可以交換間接賓語和直接賓語可以交換位置，但需要借助介詞位置，但需要借助介詞to或或for。如：。如：Tom gave me a
13、book. = Tom gave a book to me. 湯姆給了我一本書。湯姆給了我一本書。Mum bought him an MP3 player. = Mum bought an MP3 player for him.媽媽給他買了一個媽媽給他買了一個MP3播放器。播放器。 5. Ill make the beauty stay in my mind forever. 我要讓美麗永遠留在記憶中。我要讓美麗永遠留在記憶中?！窘Y構描述結構描述】 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語 + 賓補賓補【用法記憶用法記憶】 賓語補足語在賓語后補充說明賓語補足語在賓語后補充說明賓語的動作、狀
14、態(tài)或特征。賓語補足語可以賓語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。賓語補足語可以由名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、由名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、v.-ing形式和形式和介詞短語等充當，賓語補足語不能省略。如：介詞短語等充當，賓語補足語不能省略。如：I heard someone playing the piano over there. 我聽見有人在那邊彈鋼琴。我聽見有人在那邊彈鋼琴。6. There are many birds singing in the trees. 樹上有許多鳥兒在唱歌。樹上有許多鳥兒在唱歌。【結構描述結構描述】 there be + 主語主語 + 狀語狀語【用法記憶用法記憶】 當動詞當動詞b
15、e后接單數可數名后接單數可數名詞或不可數名詞時，詞或不可數名詞時，be用單數；當其后用單數；當其后接復數的可數名詞時，接復數的可數名詞時，be用復數。如：用復數。如：There is a shop at the corner.There are some books on the desk. 【跟蹤練習跟蹤練習】 請指出下列各句屬于簡單句的哪種基本句型。請指出下列各句屬于簡單句的哪種基本句型。 A. 主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語 B. 主語主語 + 不及物動詞不及物動詞 C. 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語D. 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 間賓間賓 + 直賓直
16、賓E. 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語 + 賓補賓補F. there be + 主語主語 + 狀語狀語 ( ) 1. You can write down the new words on your notebook.( ) 2. I found the article on wildlife interesting.( ) 3. The school bus didnt come.( ) 4. There are five books on the desk.( ) 5. The bread smells delicious.( ) 6. Our English teacher
17、 showed us all her CDs. DCEBFA返回并列句：由并列連詞（并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或等）或 分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的 簡單句連在一起構成。簡單句連在一起構成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 并列句并列句并列句的分類并列句的分類1. 表示連接兩個同等概念，常用表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not only but also ,
18、 neither nor , then等連接。如：等連接。如： The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2. 表示選擇，常用的連詞有表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either or , otherwise等。如：等。如： Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3. 表示轉折，常用的連詞有表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。如：等。如： He was a little man with thick glasses, but he
19、 had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4. 表示因果關系，常用的連詞有表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。如：等。如： August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 1. We bought her a birthday present, _ she liked it very much. A. so B. or C. and D. but
20、2. Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father, _ my grandpa got red roses. A. or B. and C. but D. until 3. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to, _ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and 4. “Are you going to eat here _ take
21、 it away?” asked the waiter. A. and B. so C. or D. but 5. Mother was ill, _ Father cooked for us instead. A. but B. or C. so D. and 6. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 7. Da-Fa is cleaning the house
22、_ some of his friends are coming for dinner. A. because B. but C. if D. so 返回復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、 賓語從句、表語從句和同位語賓語從句、表語從句和同位語 從句）從句） 定語從句定語從句 狀語從句狀語從句 復合句復合句點擊點擊鏈接鏈接點擊
23、點擊鏈接鏈接點擊點擊鏈接鏈接句子種類在高考中的考查重點：句子種類在高考中的考查重點： 1. 簡單句的六大句型是最基本的句型。雖然簡單句的六大句型是最基本的句型。雖然 近幾年單純考查這種基礎句型的題不多，近幾年單純考查這種基礎句型的題不多， 但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分 去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣 詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子 來表達清楚的。來表達清楚的。2. 祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題 的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意
24、疑問句的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句 結合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考結合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考 點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。點，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3. 高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的 考查常表現在對連詞的選擇和使用上。考查常表現在對連詞的選擇和使用上。 如：如：and, but, or, while，以及其它連接，以及其它連接 名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連 接詞、關聯詞。接詞、關聯詞。4. 各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時 態(tài)聯系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句
25、態(tài)聯系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句 最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如 果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將 來，這一點在高考中經?？疾?。來，這一點在高考中經常考查。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文檔。文檔。點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接I. Multiple choice 1. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春上海春) A. How interesting B. How an
26、 interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting2. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. (2005全國全國I) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining3. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? (2006全國全國II) A. do youB. can we
27、 C. will youD. shall we4. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding. (2007全國全國I) A. like B. as C. or D. but5. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _ you wont pass the course. (2007北京北京) A. and B. so C. but D. or6. T
28、he little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! (2007上海上海) A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene7. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _? (2007北京北京) A. do you B
29、. dont you C. will you D. wont you8. _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008湖南湖南) A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search9. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008湖南
30、湖南) A. If B. While C. Because D. As10. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. (2008四川四川) A. but B. while C. because D. though 11. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? (2009陜西陜西) A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he12. I
31、wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free _ the third costs $30. (2009安徽安徽) A. while B. until C. when D. before13. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. (2010全國全國I) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if14. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and final
32、ly youll succeed. (2010四川四川) A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting15. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2010安徽安徽) A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until16. Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. (2
33、011遼寧遼寧) A. or B. and C. but D. for17. _ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (2011天津天津) A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless18. Someone wants you on the phone. _ nobody knows I am here. (2011全國全國I) A. Although B. And C. But D. So19. Find ways to p
34、raise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. (2011山東山東) A. till B. or C. and D. but20. _ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. (2011遼寧遼寧) A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether1. 秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. II. Translation2. 我的爺
35、爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。In autumn, some birds fly to the south.3. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。布朗夫人看起來很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5. 昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 6. 你們必須在兩周內看完這些書。你們必須在兩周內看完這些書。I wrote a letter last night.You must finish reading
36、 these books in two weeks.7. 他的父母給他取名為他的父母給他取名為John.His parents named him John. 8. 我們大家都認為他是誠實的。我們大家都認為他是誠實的。All of us considered him honest.9. 他把這本書給了他的妹妹。他把這本書給了他的妹妹。 10. 我將寫給你一封長信。我將寫給你一封長信。 He gave the book to his sister. Ill write you a long letter. 11. 這個村子過去只有一口井。這個村子過去只有一口井。 There was only a
37、 well in the village. It was raining, therefore the picnic was postponed.12. 天下著雨，因此野餐被延期。天下著雨，因此野餐被延期。The question is whether he has signed the contract. 13. 她以為我正談論她的女兒，然而事實她以為我正談論她的女兒，然而事實 上我正在談論我的女兒。上我正在談論我的女兒。14. 小明肯定在家，因為他家的燈亮著。小明肯定在家，因為他家的燈亮著。Xiao Ming must be at home, for the lights are stil
38、l on.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.15. 問題在于他是否在合同上簽了字。問題在于他是否在合同上簽了字。17. 我想他下午不會來。我想他下午不會來。I dont think that he will come this afternoon.16. 消息傳來，前線急需醫(yī)務人員。消息傳來，前線急需醫(yī)務人員。Word came that medical workers were badly needed at the front.18. 養(yǎng)
39、成良好的學習習慣對我們來說是非養(yǎng)成良好的學習習慣對我們來說是非 常重要的。常重要的。Its important for us to form a good habit of studying.20. 老師叫我們在有問題的地方打上記號。老師叫我們在有問題的地方打上記號。Our teacher told us to make a mark where we have questions.19. 他不來北京的理由是下月他們將開科他不來北京的理由是下月他們將開科 學大會。學大會。The reason why he will not come to Beijing is that they will have a scientific conference next month.
甘肅省蘭州新區(qū)舟曲中學高考英語語法復習 句子種類課件
