【中考命題研究】(貴陽)2016中考英語 基礎(chǔ)知識梳理 八下 Units 1-2

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1、 八年級(下)　Units 1—2 ,中考基礎(chǔ)知識梳理 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 詞 匯 攻 關(guān) 1.stomach→(名詞)胃痛，腹痛________ 2．foot→(復(fù)數(shù))________ 3．own→(名詞)________ 4．break→(形容詞)________ 5．train→(名詞)________ 6．kind→(名詞)________ 7.climb→(名詞)________ 8．strong→(反義詞)________ 9．feel→(名詞)________ →(過去式)________ 10．tooth→(復(fù)數(shù))________

2、 →(名詞)牙痛________ 短 語 歸 納 1.感冒________________ 2．胃痛________________ 3．躺下________________ 4．量體溫________________ 5．發(fā)燒________________ 6．休息________________ 7．下車________________ 8．使……驚訝的是；出乎……的意料________________ 9．立即，馬上________________ 10．陷入，參與________________ 11．習(xí)慣于……________________ 12．

3、冒險(xiǎn)________________ 13．用盡，耗盡________________ 14．切除________________ 15．離開，從……出來________________ 16．掌管，管理________________ 17.放棄________________ 18．打掃(或清除)干凈________________ 19．(使)變得更高興，振奮起來________________ 20．分發(fā)，散發(fā)________________ 21．想出，提出________________ 22．推遲________________ 23．分發(fā)_________

4、_______ 24．打電話給(某人)，征召________________ 25．照顧，非常喜歡________________ 26．參加……選拔，試用________________ 27．修理，裝飾________________ 28．贈送，捐贈________________ 29．(外貌或行為)像________________ 30．建立，設(shè)立________________ 31．影響，有作用________________ 32．幫助……走出困境________________ 句 型 再 現(xiàn) 1.“你怎么啦？”“我背痛?！? —________

5、________？ —I________________． 2．我該怎么辦？ ________________I________？ 3．“我應(yīng)該放些藥在上面嗎？”“應(yīng)該。/不應(yīng)該?！? —________________put some medicine on it? —Yes，________．/No，________． 4．昨天上午9：00，26路公交車正行駛在中華路上，這時(shí)司機(jī)看到一位老人躺在路邊。 At 9：00 a．m. yesterday，bus No. 26________________Zhonghua Road when the driver________an

6、 old man________on the side of the road. 5．有人頭部受到撞擊。 Someone________on the head. 6.作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險(xiǎn)。 As a mountain climber，Aron ________ risks. 7．他們給我講過去的生活經(jīng)歷，講過去是什么樣子的。 They told me stories about the past and how things ________________． 8．她在四歲時(shí)就能獨(dú)自看書了。 She could read ________________． 9．有了

7、你的幫助，我才有可能擁有“Lucky”。 You helped to________________ for me to have Lucky. 10．我喜愛動物，我對擁有一條狗這個(gè)想法感到興奮。 I love animals and I was ________________the idea ________________. 語法 結(jié)構(gòu) 1.情態(tài)動詞should的用法。 2．常用的動詞詞組的用法。 話 題 1.Health and first aid(健康與急救) 2．Volunteering and charity(志愿服務(wù)與慈善) ,貴陽五年中考真題演

8、練 ◆詞匯類 (　　)1.(2013貴陽39題)Many teenagers have hobbies，sometimes these hobbies can ________ the way of school work. A．get in　　 B．get up　　 C．get on (　　)2.(2015貴陽41題)When Bob is upset or tired，he prefers comedies that can ________. A．look up B．clean them up C．cheer him up (　　)3.(2012貴陽42題)Jining

9、has sixteen broken bikes to ________ and give away to kids who don't have bikes. A．fix up　　　B．set up　　　C．put up ◆反身代詞 4．(2013貴陽92題)Fast food ________ isn't always bad for you but too much of it is not good.(it) (　　)5.(2014貴陽41題)The little kid is just two years old.He's too young to take care of

10、________. A．his B．him C．himself (　　)6.(2015貴陽32題)Bob hurt ________ in the basketball match at school yesterday afternoon. A．myself B．himself C．herself ◆非謂語動詞 7．(2012貴陽90題)Teenagers shouldn't be allowed ________ their ears pierced.This is the school rule.(get，to get) (　　)8.(2012貴陽44題)It too

11、k Janet three hours ________ reading this interesting story. A．to finish B．finished C．finishing 9．(2015貴陽87題)My teachers always encourage us ________(study) hard on different subjects. 10．(2013貴陽95題)My mother asks me ________ milk every morning because it is good for me.(drink) ◆情態(tài)動詞 (　　)11.(

12、2014貴陽中考)In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers ________ every year. A．will plant B．should plant C．should be planted (　　)12.(2012貴陽中考)“Whose notebook is this？”“It ________ Jim's.It has his name on it.” A．can't be B．must be C．can be,貴陽中考重難點(diǎn)突破 　give up放棄 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 1．

13、整天玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕慕】涤泻?。你?yīng)該放棄它。 Playing computer games all day is bad for your health.You should ________ ________ ________． 2．你應(yīng)該戒煙。 You should ________ ________ ________． (　　)3.(2014襄陽中考)He failed to break the world record for long jump many times，but he never________his hope. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．too

14、k off B．put away C．gave up 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 give up的用法 (1)give up是動副短語，后接代詞作賓語時(shí)，必須放在兩詞中間。 (2)give up后接動詞時(shí)需用動詞的-ing形式，相當(dāng)于stop doing sth.。 【歸納拓展】give的相關(guān)短語 　cheer up(使)變得更高興；振奮起來 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 4．振作起來吧！你的困難不久就會過去的。 ________ ________！Your trouble will soon be over. 5．橙色能帶給我們成功，使我們振作。 Orange can bring us su

15、ccess and ________ us ________． (　　)6.(2014安徽中考)—We failed in the singing competition. —________．Better times are waiting for you. A．No way　　　B．Best wishes　　　C．Cheer up 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 cheer up的用法 (1)cheer up也可以單獨(dú)使用，表示“變得高興，振奮起來”。 (2)cheer sb. up意為“使某人高興起來”，相當(dāng)于make sb. happy。如果賓語是名詞或詞組，可放在cheer up的中間或

16、后面，若是代詞作賓語，則只能放在cheer up的中間。 【歸納拓展】本單元中up短語 　trouble n．問題；苦惱 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 7．不要嘲笑處于困境中的人。 Don't laugh at the people ________ ________． 8．We have some trouble ________(work) out the problem. (　　)9.(2014福州中考)—Jack，I have ________ working out the math problem. —Don't worry.Let me help you. A．fun　　B

17、．trouble　　C．experience 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 trouble的用法 【歸納拓展】 trouble作動詞，意為“打擾；使煩惱”，常用搭配為： trouble sb. to do sth.麻煩某人做某事 be sorry to trouble sb.很抱歉打擾某人 【一言辨異】 Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻煩沒找你，你別找麻煩。 　raise v．募集；征集 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 raise，rise 10．The river ________ after the heavy rain.

18、11．The water ________ another meter and people became worried. 12．He ________ his voice so that everybody could hear him. 13．If you ________ any pets，please ________ your hands. 14．Everybody ________ when he entered the room. 15．(2014來賓中考)Many stars ________(籌集)money for homeless children nowada

19、ys.They are so kind. 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 辨析raise和rise 兩個(gè)詞都有“舉起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不盡相同。 rise 不及物動詞 上升，上漲，提高 不規(guī)則動詞，過去式rose，過去分詞為risen raise 及物動詞 使升高；提高；飼養(yǎng) 規(guī)則動詞，過去式和過去分詞均為raised 【圖解助記】 　辨析repair，mend與fix 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 repair，mend，fix 16．I am going to have my bike ________ tomorrow. 17．She is ________ her sho

20、es. 18．The workers are ________ the machine. (　　)19.My brother can ________ this broken chair. A．repair B．mend C．fix 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 詞匯 不同 例句 repair repair常指損失重大或構(gòu)造較復(fù)雜的事物，如房屋、汽車、橋梁的修理。也可指修鞋 Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.瑪麗修理收音機(jī)只是為了消遣。 I am going to have my bike repaired tomorrow

21、.我打算明天找人把自行車修理一下。 mend mend著重指修補(bǔ)小至日常用具，大到較復(fù)雜的物體。很多時(shí)候可與repair互換 Can you mend a broken dish？你能修理破碟子嗎？ She is mending her shoes.她正在修理她的鞋子。 fix fix則側(cè)重于“安裝”，有時(shí)也用作“修理” The workers are fixing the machine.工人們在安裝機(jī)器。 Have you had your watch fixed？你已找人修你的表了嗎？ 　difficulty n．困難，難題 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 20．I have ___

22、_____(difficult) reading at times. 21．當(dāng)你做決定有困難時(shí)，可以打電話給我。 You can call me if you have ________ ________ decision. (　　)22.(2014咸寧中考)—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English? —Yes，but I try to make myself ________． A．to speak；understood B．speaking；understand C．to speak；to understand 【滿分點(diǎn)

23、撥】 difficult，difficultly與difficulty的用法辨析 difficult 形容詞 “困難的”，作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語 difficultly 副詞 “困難地”，作狀語 difficulty 名詞 have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困難 　—What's the matter？—怎么了？ —I have a stomachache.—我胃痛。 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 (　　)23.(2014云南中考)—You look really tired.________？ —I didn't sleep well last

24、 night.I had a headache. A．How about you B．What should I do C．What's the matter 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)What's the matter？意為“怎么了？”常用來詢問身體有什么不適或有什么不順心的事，也可以用來詢問某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。 (2)由-ache構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞 (3)“have＋a＋名詞”型短語 【歸納拓展】 　Should I take my temperature？我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎？ 【考點(diǎn)搶測】 (　　)24

25、.(2015東營中考)After you read the article“Why fast food is slowly killing you”，you ________ stop eating fast food. A．may B．have to C．should 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)should作情態(tài)動詞，有實(shí)際的詞義，但它不可單獨(dú)作謂語，須與動詞原形連用，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如： You should work harder.你應(yīng)該更努力地工作。 (2)常用句型：You should/shouldn't do sth.“你(不)應(yīng)該做某事”。 【溫馨提示】 shou

26、ld表示預(yù)測和可能性，意為“應(yīng)該；可能”。如： We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯時(shí)間應(yīng)該能到了。 She should be here at any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來。 ,高頻話題寫作指導(dǎo) 健康與急救 ◆寫作導(dǎo)圖 從全國近五年“健康與急救”相關(guān)話題書面表達(dá)的命題來看，此類作文命題通常有以下兩個(gè)角度的內(nèi)容： 1．保持健康已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)話題之一，健康包括哪些方面、中學(xué)生面臨的健康問題、保持健康的重要性。 2．如何保持健康成為命題點(diǎn)。 結(jié)合貴陽考情，可以預(yù)測第二種考查角度幾率更大。 how to keep

27、 healthy——diet——don't eat too much rich food，like meat —eat fruit and vegetables —drink milk —no junk food —exercise——run —play basketball —do yoga —sleep——go to bed early and get up early —don't stay up ◆亮點(diǎn)句型速成 常用句型：A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful. 推薦句型：→A nurse gave

28、 me an injection which was a little painful. 常用句型：You mustn't smoke.It's bad for your health. 推薦句型：→You mustn't smoke because it's bad for your health. (一)開頭句： 1．It is very important to keep healthy. (二)中間句： 2．We can't go to sleep too late.We can't get up too late. 3．We should eat the food he

29、althily. 4．We should do more exercise. 5．I didn't feel like eating anything. 6．I decided to see the doctor. 7．In the doctor's office，the doctor looks me over carefully. 8．He told me to take a rest and drink more water. 9．The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. 10．A few day

30、s later，I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world. (三)結(jié)尾句： 11．A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health. 12．Please drink enough water every day. 13．We should do more exercise to stay healthy. 14．Don't get stressed out.It's not h

31、ealthy. 15．You should go to bed early and get up early. 16．It's easy to have a healthy lifestyle，and it's important to eat a balanced diet. ◆寫作模板 Nowadays，more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.For me，there are 幾種方法 to keep healthy. Firstly，it is necessary to 觀點(diǎn)一．Secondly，w

32、e shouldn't 觀點(diǎn)二．Thirdly，it is important to觀點(diǎn)三． If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they will find健康會有怎樣的改善。 ◆典例剖析 根據(jù)以下提示，請以“How to keep healthy”為題寫一篇短文，從良好的生活習(xí)慣，適當(dāng)?shù)捏w育鍛煉以及健康的飲食習(xí)慣等方面，為那些生活習(xí)慣欠佳、缺乏鍛煉的朋友提出良好的建議。(要求意思連貫、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，詞數(shù)80詞左右) 參考詞匯：熬夜(stay up)；垃圾食品(junk food)；挑剔(be particular about

33、)；定時(shí)定量(have meals regularly) 【審題指導(dǎo)】細(xì)讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息： 1．就“保持健康”提出建議，全文用說明文； 2．所寫建議盡量全面，涉及內(nèi)容盡量多角度，深層次； 3．要求意思連貫、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，詞數(shù)為80詞左右。 【范文點(diǎn)評】 How To Keep Healthy ①Nowadays，more__and__more__people__know__the__importance__of__keeping__healthy.For__me，there__are__three__main__ways__to__keep__healthy.

34、 Firstly，②it__is__necessary__to__keep__a__balanced__diet.③We__aren't__supposed__to__eat__too__much__junk__food.It__is__better__for__us__to have more fruit and vegetables every day.What's__more，we are supposed to ①開篇用了more and more people，there are three main ways to keep healthy，既體現(xiàn)問題的嚴(yán)重性，又交代了文章的主

35、題。 ②運(yùn)用句型it is＋形容詞＋to do sth.增加了文章的亮點(diǎn)。 ③用aren't supposed to寫出人們的不良習(xí)慣，又運(yùn)用it is better for us to…，what's have meals regularly.Secondly，we shouldn't stay up too late.④Getting__enough__sleep__is__also__necessary.Thirdly，it__is__important__to take regular exercises，such as swimming，jogging and so

36、on. If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they'll greatly improve their health.⑤I__hope__everyone__can__keep__in__good__health. more彰顯小作者語言詞匯的豐富，增加文章的給分點(diǎn)。 ④Getting enough sleep是動名詞作主語，it is important to是it做形式主語，動詞不定式做真正的主語，再次讓文章升華。 ⑤作者最后希望大家采取他的建議，希望每個(gè)人能夠保持健康。 ,熱點(diǎn)素材拓展 中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利70

37、周年大閱兵 When we interviewed what the life was like more than 70 years ago，many old soldiers were full of tears in their eyes.They told us that they never forgot those days when they were in the army，during which they lived hard lives but spared no effort to fight against the enemies. Now in the year

38、 of 2015 comes the first great parade(閱兵) in the 21st century.September 3rd is the 70th anniversary(紀(jì)念) of the victory of the anti-Fascist war.This day is considered as an important moment for China，as well as the world.49 countries from all over the world，including South Korea and some European cou

39、ntries attended this special occasion. In preparation for the parade，the soldiers worked hard every day.In order to walk well in the three hundred meters distance on the Tian'anmen Square，they had to receive extremely strict training.Each day，they got up early in the morning and started the 10 hour

40、s' practice. When a reporter arrived，it was raining heavily outside，but none of the soldiers stopped training.Nothing can stop their training，and no one can stop their deep love to their motherland. The reporter asked，“The training is so hard but why does nobody give up？”“It's the first time for m

41、e to join in such an important ceremony.I consider it a great honor.I must try my best.”one of the participants(參與者) answered.In fact，everyone takes pride in taking part in this big parade because they want to show the spirit of Chinese army，the power of Chinese army，as well as the determination of

42、keeping the world in peace. From the soldiers，we learned the power of dreams.If one has a dream，he will get over any difficulties that get in the way to make the dream come true. (　　)1.What did the old soldiers do more than 70 years ago? A．They took part in a war. B．They experienced something sp

43、ecial. C．They worked hard for the parade. (　　)2.How many countries took part in the parade? A．20.　　 B．49.　　 C．40. (　　)3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．A hard training. B．A good reporter. C．The hot weather. (　　)4.According to the passage，the great parade took place in ________． A．South Korea B．America C．China (　　)5.Which of the following is true? A．The training for the parade is usually on rainy days. B．It is easy for the soldiers to perform well in the parade. C．The soldiers are tired but none of them will give up. 11