定語(yǔ)從句 (2)

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1、定 語(yǔ) 從 句 定語(yǔ)從句也稱為形容詞性從句，它在句子中修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用：① 起到連接主從句的作用 ② 代替先行詞 ③ 在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分。 定語(yǔ)從句分為兩類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 ①限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句中的先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)通常把從句譯在先行詞之前。定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞一致。 This is the doctor who saved the b

2、oy’s life.這就是挽救了這個(gè)男孩生命的醫(yī)生。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)） The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)） ②非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)主句中先行詞作附加說(shuō)明，關(guān)系不密切，如果省去從句，主句所表達(dá)的概念依然明確、完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，不能用that連接。 Lei Feng, who served the people heart and soul, se

3、t a good example to all of us. 考點(diǎn)一 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that, which,（見(jiàn)下表）， 還有關(guān)系副詞when, where, why. ①限制性定語(yǔ)從句所用的關(guān)系代詞 指人 指物 是否可省略 主格（主語(yǔ)） 賓格（賓語(yǔ)） 所有格（定語(yǔ)） （表語(yǔ)） This is a book which tells about space rocket technology. I live in the house whose windows f

4、ace south. Tom is not the boy that he used to be. 注意：指物時(shí)，“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂谩皌he+名詞+of which”或“of which +the +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，并且意思相同。 I live in the house whose windows face south. = I live in the house the windows of which face south. = I live in the house of which the windows face south. ②關(guān)系副詞where,

5、when, why可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。這些副詞可以替換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。例如： The office where he works is on the second floor. The office in which he works is on the second floor.他的辦公室就在三樓。 The days when the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever. 中國(guó)人民受壓迫的日子一去不復(fù)返 The days in which the Chinese people were oppr

6、essed are gone forever了。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday. I don’t know the reason for which he didn’t come to school yesterday.我不知道他昨天不來(lái)上學(xué)的原因。 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空： 1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I’ll never forget the day________ we met

7、each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I’ll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study.　 7. Do you still remem

8、ber the place______ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his

9、 two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China. 13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 考點(diǎn)二 只用that不用which的情況 1） 被修飾的先行詞既是人又是物。例如： They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.他們談?wù)撝麄儏⒂^過(guò)的工廠和訪問(wèn)過(guò)的人。 2）被修飾的先行詞是any, few, none, all, much, l

10、ittle, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)。例如： I am interested in all that you have told me.我對(duì)你告訴我的一切都感興趣。 There isn’t much that I can do. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 3) 先行詞前面有形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。例如： This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最

11、好的一本書(shū)。 This book is the best that I have read. 4）先行詞前有the only, the very, the last 及序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如： The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help.我們唯一能做的事是請(qǐng)老師幫助我們。 Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.我看的第一部英文電影是“霧都

12、孤兒”。 When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.當(dāng)外國(guó)人談起中國(guó)時(shí)，首先想到的是長(zhǎng)城。 5) 當(dāng)先行詞被the same修飾，且指“同一物品”時(shí)。如： She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday. 6）關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： This is no longer the place that it used to be. He is not the man that he was. 7

13、）當(dāng)主句是以who, which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是who時(shí)。如： Which is the book that he bought yesterday? Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game? 考點(diǎn)三 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)不宜用that而宜用who的情況。 1） 先行詞為one, ones或anyone時(shí)。 例如：Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.誰(shuí)要想上大學(xué)，必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2） 先行詞為those時(shí)。 例如：Those wh

14、o were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. 考點(diǎn)四 用as作關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句 1． as作關(guān)系代詞既可以指人也可以指物，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中： such...as（像……之類的），the same...as（和……同樣的），so… as…. , as… as…,句型。例如： This is not such a computer as I need.這不是我所需要的計(jì)算機(jī)。 I live in the same city

15、 as she (lives in).我和她住在同一個(gè)城市里。 He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.(他能搬動(dòng)別人搬不動(dòng)的那塊石頭) You can take as many books as you need.(你需要多少書(shū)就拿多少書(shū)) 2． as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。單個(gè)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句，作“正如”、“像……那樣”解釋。例如： As anyone can see, the educated youth are very happy.任何人都可以看出來(lái)，知識(shí)青年們很快樂(lè)。 As was

16、 usual with her, she went out for a walk after she got up.她像通常一樣，起床后出去散步了。 as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： ①位置不同____________________________________________________________________________ ②指代不同_____________________________________________________________________________ ③語(yǔ)意不同___________________________

17、__________________________________________________ She was quite right, as Harry soon discovered. As is known to us all, China is a developing country. He bought his sister a big toy, which delighted her greatly. He bought a new car,which cost him a lot of money. 考點(diǎn)五 介詞與關(guān)系代詞 1． 與關(guān)系代詞搭配的介詞的確

18、定 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1.I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money . 2.I will never forget the day on which I joined the army. 3.The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen. 注意：英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，

19、不定式前也可加上關(guān)系詞。 Here is the money with which to buy a piano.(=Here is the money with which we can buy a piano) She is the right person on whom to depend.(=She is the right person whom we can depend on.) 練習(xí)：1.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop____________ to produce the workings of his own hands.

20、 A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 2.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds______ his argument in favor of the new theory. A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on 2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞的位置 _______________________________________

21、_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ①The athlete to whom you talked is a famous lone-distance runner. ②The person whom you just talked to is Mr Li. ③Is this the watch which he is looking fo

22、r? ④The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. ⑤The city that she lives in is very fare away. 3.“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的形式有： 名詞/one/two…/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/ a little/the+比較級(jí)/the+最高級(jí)…+ of + which/whom. 如：There are a lot of books here, none of which bel

23、ongs to me. Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive. 考點(diǎn)六 定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致 1.________________________________________________________________________________________ The recorder that has been given to me is working. I,whom ________ your classmate, will share the work with

24、 you. 2.________________________________________________________________________________________ He is one of the students who____(have/has) made great progress. Mr. Wang is the only one of my friends who ________(have/has) been invited to have dinner with us. 考點(diǎn)七 定語(yǔ)從句的插入語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象 I suggest you ch

25、oose someone who you think is kind and friendly. You should give a ring to Tom first, who I’m afraid will not come. 練習(xí)：This is Mr White,_________I think has something interesting to tell you. A.which B. whom C. that D. who Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than

26、 to the others,______, of course, makes the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. she D. that 考點(diǎn)八 定語(yǔ)從句的倒裝現(xiàn)象 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. I saw a man, on the

27、head of whom stood a bird. We got to a farmhouse, where lived an old farmer and his son. 考點(diǎn)九 分隔定語(yǔ)從句 _________________________________________________________________________________________ The days are gone when we suffered so much. The boss of the company, whose name is Mr. Little, told th

28、e story. 考點(diǎn)十 “地點(diǎn)模糊”的先行詞，后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 _________________________________________________________________________________________ He has reached the point where a change is needed. Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? 練習(xí)After graduation she reached a point in his career___

29、___ she needed to decided what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where 考點(diǎn)十一 定語(yǔ)從句的一種特殊考察方式 ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________

30、________________________________________________________________________ The role that he ________ in the activity was pretty important. A. took B. played C. made D. acted You can’t imagine the difficulty I had______ the way to the station. A. to find B. in finding C. with finding

31、 D. found 練習(xí)：In western society, the part_________ church plays in people’s life is very important. A. where B. that C. when D. how The advantage human being have to ______ the sun is worth discussing. A. do with B. play with C. take of D. have on ---Can you still remember that old

32、woman? ----Sure, we’ll never forget the good care she_______us. A. made of B. took of C. gave to D. offered to 語(yǔ)法專題(定語(yǔ)從句) 1The man pulled out a gold watch, __ were made of small diamonds. A the hands of whom B whom the hands of C which the hands of D the hands of which 2 Such a b

33、ook __ you showed me is difficult to understand. A that B which C the one D as 3 I have never heard so strange a story __ he told us. A that B which C / D as 4 He was educated at the local high school, __ he went on to Beijing University. A after which B after that C in which D i

34、n that 5 He is late, __ is often the case . A it B what C as D which 6 There is no one in our class __ wants to help you. A but B when C where D why 7 He owns a little shop which sells a lot of goods __ are necessary to the people __ are living nearby. A which, who B that,/ C which,/

35、 D that, who 8 --- Do you have anything in mind __ you’d like to have for dinner? --- Well, anything is OK for me. A that B which C what D where 9 Who __ has common sense will believe such nonsense? A that B who C which D but 10 Occasions are quite rare __ I have the time to sp

36、end a day with my kids A who B which C why D when 11 You’ll have to wait for one more week, __ the manager will be back from his trip. A before B when C as D until 12 I shall never forget those years__ I lived in the country,__ has a great effect on my life. A that, which B when, whic

37、h C which, that D when, who 13 I work in a business __ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A how B which C where D that 14 --- I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning? --- It was in his office __ he worked. A where B which C that D the one 15 Now children

38、like to go to the fast food restaurant, __ as the name says, eating doesn’t take much time. A which B that C what D where 16 The reason __ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother won’t let her. A what B why C as D which 17 This is the reason __ he is leaving now. A as B

39、which C why D what 18 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes __ people were eaten by the tiger. A in which B by which C which D that 19 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, __ five are mine. A on which B in which C of w

40、hich D from which 20 The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds __ his argument in favor of the new theory. A which to base on B on which to base C to base on which D which to be based on 21 By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,__ appea

41、red a rare rainbow soon. A of which B on which C from which D above which 23 This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under __ roof lives a large family of three generations. A which B that C its D whose 24 Anyway, that evening, __ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up sta

42、ying at Rachel’s place. A when B where C what D which 25 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30p.m., __ many people have gone home. A whose time B on which C that D by which time 26 He is the only one of the students who __ a winner of scholarship for three years. A is

43、 B are C have been D has been 27 This is Mr. White, __ I think has something interesting to tell you. A which B whom C that D who 28 Yesterday I went to a town, __ stands a huge monument. A where B that C who D where 29 It is the third time __ I have come to China. A when B that

44、C in which D which 30 --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves? ---Yes, there is one point __ we must insist on. A why B where C how D / 31 In western society, the part __ church plays in people’s life is very important. A where B that C when D how 32 The advantage human beings ha

45、ve to __ the sun is worth discussing. A do with B play with C take of D have on 33 --- Can you still remember that old woman? --- Sure, we’ll never forget the good care she ___ us. A made of B took of C gave to D offered to 34 His sister has become a lawyer, __ she wanted to be. A wh

46、o B that C what D which 35 I have many friends, __ some are teachers. A of them B from which C who of D of whom 36 Those houses are sold at such a low price __ people expected. A like B as C that D which 37 The result is not the same __ they had expected , __ was rather disappointing. A which, as B as, that C that, which D as, which 38 She took the police back to __ place __ she witnessed the robbery. A same, as B the same, where C same, that D the same, when