《高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題二 七選五 第二節(jié) 方法運用于命題課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題二 七選五 第二節(jié) 方法運用于命題課件（34頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第二節(jié)方法運用于命題專題二七選五欄目索引七選五的?？济}跟蹤訓(xùn)練1.主旨概括型主旨概括型該題型可分為兩類：標(biāo)題句和主題句。標(biāo)題句短小精悍，多為名詞性短該題型可分為兩類：標(biāo)題句和主題句。標(biāo)題句短小精悍，多為名詞性短語或祈使句，用以總結(jié)文章或某個段落的主旨；主題句用以交代整篇文語或祈使句，用以總結(jié)文章或某個段落的主旨；主題句用以交代整篇文章或某段的中心思想。主旨概括句一般設(shè)在段首，考查考生的主旨概括章或某段的中心思想。主旨概括句一般設(shè)在段首，考查考生的主旨概括能力。一般而言，短文首段給出中心句，其他各段有一個段落中心，均能力。一般而言，短文首段給出中心句，其他各段有一個段落中心，均為中心句服務(wù)，形
2、成總分關(guān)系。段落第一句為本段主題句，其他句為細為中心句服務(wù)，形成總分關(guān)系。段落第一句為本段主題句，其他句為細節(jié)支撐句，各句通過意義或邏輯聯(lián)系起來，形成完整的段落。注意篇章節(jié)支撐句，各句通過意義或邏輯聯(lián)系起來，形成完整的段落。注意篇章布局，理清文章脈絡(luò)是解答此類試題的關(guān)鍵。主題句具有一定的概括性，布局，理清文章脈絡(luò)是解答此類試題的關(guān)鍵。主題句具有一定的概括性，不涉及具體內(nèi)容。錯誤選項常常以偏概全，或與全文中心相悖。不涉及具體內(nèi)容。錯誤選項常常以偏概全，或與全文中心相悖。 七選五的?？济}2.上下過渡句上下過渡句用來顯示前后邏輯關(guān)系的句子稱為過渡句，起承上啟下的作用，顯示上下用來顯示前后邏輯關(guān)系的
3、句子稱為過渡句，起承上啟下的作用，顯示上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，使得行文流暢，銜接自然。主要有三種方式實現(xiàn)過渡：一文的邏輯關(guān)系，使得行文流暢，銜接自然。主要有三種方式實現(xiàn)過渡：一是核心詞匯的重復(fù)；二是使用指示代詞是核心詞匯的重復(fù)；二是使用指示代詞this/that/these/those/such等；三是等；三是使用過渡詞語使用過渡詞語next，in addition，however，but等。此類題目需要瞻前顧等。此類題目需要瞻前顧后，上下求索。錯誤的選項使銜接不自然，行文不連貫。后，上下求索。錯誤的選項使銜接不自然，行文不連貫。3.細節(jié)支撐句細節(jié)支撐句用來支撐主題的句子稱為細節(jié)支撐句，細節(jié)支撐句通
4、過本身的邏輯或意義用來支撐主題的句子稱為細節(jié)支撐句，細節(jié)支撐句通過本身的邏輯或意義連接成一個完整的段落。和主題句相比較，細節(jié)支撐句更具體，往往是事連接成一個完整的段落。和主題句相比較，細節(jié)支撐句更具體，往往是事實、分析、舉例、引用等的一部分。解答此類題目應(yīng)該利用前后句代詞的實、分析、舉例、引用等的一部分。解答此類題目應(yīng)該利用前后句代詞的指代關(guān)系、邏輯關(guān)系以及時間先后關(guān)系等尋找突破口，找到關(guān)聯(lián)點。指代關(guān)系、邏輯關(guān)系以及時間先后關(guān)系等尋找突破口，找到關(guān)聯(lián)點。 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre try
5、ing to get work done. 36 ，there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.典例1(2017全國全國)解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題?？崭窈笳f空格后說“有幾種方法來處理這些情況有幾種方法來處理這些情況”，B項項“當(dāng)你想在工作中避免受當(dāng)你想在工作中避免受到打擾時到打擾時”與上下文銜接緊密，故為答案。與上下文銜接緊密，故為答案。答案解析答案答案B. When you want to avoi
6、d interruptions at work 37 .Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.解析解析主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。設(shè)空處位于段首，根主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。設(shè)空處位于段首，根據(jù)后文提到的據(jù)后文提到的“告訴對方你很抱歉、向?qū)Ψ浇忉屇阌泻芏嗍虑橐鲆约傲砑s時間告訴對方你很抱歉、向?qū)Ψ浇忉屇阌泻芏嗍虑橐?/p>
7、以及另約時間”可可知，本段講述的是：在自己很忙的時候不要不好意思拒絕，故選知，本段講述的是：在自己很忙的時候不要不好意思拒絕，故選A項。項。答案解析答案答案A. If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noWhen people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除消除) future
8、interruptions.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。空格前說空格前說“當(dāng)人們試圖打擾你時，你要確定好時間，讓他們知道什么時當(dāng)人們試圖打擾你時，你要確定好時間，讓他們知道什么時候回來找你或者你去找他們候回來找你或者你去找他們”，空格后說，空格后說“這樣做能幫你消除未來受到這樣做能幫你消除未來受到打擾的可能打擾的可能”，E項項“讓他們知道你什么時候有空非常重要讓他們知道你什么時候有空非常重要”與上下文銜與上下文銜接緊密，故為答案。接緊密，故為答案。答案解析答案答案E. Its important
9、 that you let them know when youll be availableWhen you need to talk to someone，dont do it in your own office. 39 ，its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過
10、渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題?？崭袂暗目崭袂暗膇n your own office與與D項中的項中的in the other persons office相對應(yīng)。相對應(yīng)。D項項“如果你在別人的辦公室或者公共區(qū)域如果你在別人的辦公室或者公共區(qū)域”與空格后的內(nèi)容銜接緊密，與空格后的內(nèi)容銜接緊密，故為答案。故為答案。答案解析答案答案D. If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaIf you have a door to your office，make good use of it. 40 .If som
11、eone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示暗示) that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed.解析解析細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。根據(jù)空格前的根據(jù)空格前的“如果你的辦公室有門，那么就好好利用它如果你的辦公室有門，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段
12、可知，本段主要講述如何利用辦公室的門來避免受到打擾，故選主要講述如何利用辦公室的門來避免受到打擾，故選G項。項。答案解析答案答案G. Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not語篇解讀語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何在工作中避免受到打擾本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何在工作中避免受到打擾提出了幾點建議。提出了幾點建議。A.If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at
13、workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close i
14、t when youre not Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact，the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Heres how to make one.典例2(2017全國全國)解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題?？涨疤岬揭{(diào)整身體的生物鐘，那么
15、如何調(diào)整呢？空后的空前提到要調(diào)整身體的生物鐘，那么如何調(diào)整呢？空后的“Heres how to make one.”中中one又指什么呢？瀏覽各選項，只有又指什么呢？瀏覽各選項，只有C項項“一個更好的睡一個更好的睡眠計劃會有所幫助眠計劃會有所幫助”符合上下文語境。符合上下文語境。答案解析答案答案C. A better plan for sleep can help. 37 In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast w
16、ith your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.解析解析主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。顯然，該主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。顯然，該空應(yīng)填本段的主題句。由本段中的空應(yīng)填本段的主題句。由本段中的“為了作出改變，你需要決定為什么為了作出改變，你需要決定為
17、什么它很重要它很重要”及及“一旦你清楚了自己的理由一旦你清楚了自己的理由”等描述可知，你要想清等描述可知，你要想清楚為什么要早起，故選楚為什么要早起，故選B項項“找到合適的動機找到合適的動機”。答案解析答案答案B. Find the right motivation.Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some
18、 time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。由空后的由空后的bought a coffee maker可鎖定可鎖定G項項“重新考慮你用在咖啡館排隊重新考慮你用在咖啡館排隊買咖啡的買咖啡的15分鐘分鐘”。答案
19、解析答案答案G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent st
20、udy found. 解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。由本段首句可知本段主題是由本段首句可知本段主題是“在周末要堅持在周末要堅持(執(zhí)行執(zhí)行)你的睡覺和起床時間你的睡覺和起床時間表表”，與此主題符合的只有，與此主題符合的只有F項項“堅持你設(shè)定的就寢和起床時間，不管是堅持你設(shè)定的就寢和起床時間，不管是哪天哪天”。答案解析答案答案F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day. 39 Keep a record and eva
21、luate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record. 40 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.答案解析答案答案E. If the steps you take are working，keep it up.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意
22、判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。本段講的是每周要記錄并評價你的計劃，如果有效，就繼續(xù)堅持，如果無本段講的是每周要記錄并評價你的計劃，如果有效，就繼續(xù)堅持，如果無效，就看看其他你可以嘗試的方法。由空后的效，就看看其他你可以嘗試的方法。由空后的If not也可直接鎖定也可直接鎖定E項。項。語篇解讀語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。很多人覺得早上起床很困難并將其歸咎于本文是一篇說明文。很多人覺得早上起床很困難并將其歸咎于鬧鐘。其實，要想早上輕松起床，關(guān)鍵是要調(diào)整自己身體的生物鐘。具體鬧鐘。其實，要想早上輕松起床，關(guān)鍵是要調(diào)整自己身體的生物鐘。具體如何做呢？作者給出了一些錦囊妙計！如何做呢？作者給出了
23、一些錦囊妙計！A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working，keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf
24、to get coffee.1(2017山東臨沂三模山東臨沂三模)Being Left-handed in a Right-handed WorldThe world is designed for right-handed people，but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left？跟蹤訓(xùn)練解析解析上下過渡句上下過渡句。運用語意判斷運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。根據(jù)上文的問句以及后文的內(nèi)容可知根據(jù)上文的問句以及后文的內(nèi)容可知, ,此處是以問句引出下文此處是以問句引出下文。選選D項項
25、。答案答案D. Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?答案解析 1 The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery.Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families，its assumed that left-handedness has a genetic(基因的基因的) component to it.
26、 2 In fact，identical twins，who share the same genes，can sometimes prefer to use different hands.There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with，but many experts believe that its kind of random.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上句
27、提到左撇子的形成有基因的原因，故此處用上句提到左撇子的形成有基因的原因，故此處用A項進行同義解釋。項進行同義解釋。答案解析答案答案A. In other words，left-handers are born that way.Historically，the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 3 In some areas，the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand.In many religions，
28、the right hand of God is the favored hand.For example，Jesus sits at Gods right side.Gods left hand，however，is the hand of judgement.Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved.In some parts of Scotland，it is considered bad luck to meet
29、 a left-handed person at the start of a journey.答案答案C. The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.答案解析解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。結(jié)合上上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。結(jié)合上句，左撇子在許多文化中被認為是不好的；下文具體敘述在不同文化中，句，左撇子在許多文化中被認為是不好的；下文具體敘述在不同文化中，人們對左撇子的看法，故此處應(yīng)承上啟下，選人們對左撇子的看法，故此處應(yīng)
30、承上啟下，選C項。項。 4 A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary.In some Asian countries，eating with the left hand is considered impolite. 解析解析細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。前文提到細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。前文提到“In some parts of
31、Scotland”以及后文的以及后文的“In some Asian countries”并并結(jié)合空后的結(jié)合空后的“giving directions”的內(nèi)容可推知，此處應(yīng)具體敘述某一國的內(nèi)容可推知，此處應(yīng)具體敘述某一國家的人們對左撇子的看法，故選家的人們對左撇子的看法，故選F項。項。答案解析答案答案F. In Ghana，pointing，gesturing，giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude. 5 People come to realize that left-handedness is natur
32、al.People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed，including Benjamin Franklin，Leonardo Da Vinci，and Charlie Chaplin.Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better.The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed world
33、as well.Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead，it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.答案答案G. Fortunately，nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before.答案解析解析解析主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。本段下文主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。
34、本段下文提到現(xiàn)在人們開始意識到左撇子是很正常的行為，且本句作為開頭，可以提到現(xiàn)在人們開始意識到左撇子是很正常的行為，且本句作為開頭，可以推斷出推斷出G項符合本段大意。項符合本段大意。A.In other words，left-handers are born that way.B.Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.C.The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.D.Why do they prefer t
35、o use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?E.Why do some parents force their left-handed children to become right-handed when writing?F.In Ghana，pointing，gesturing，giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude.G.Fortunately,nowadays most societies and
36、 cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before. 語篇解讀語篇解讀語篇解讀文章介紹了左撇子的成因以及在歷史上不同文化的人們對這文章介紹了左撇子的成因以及在歷史上不同文化的人們對這種情況的看法。隨著時代的變化，人們現(xiàn)在對左撇子的看法已發(fā)生了改種情況的看法。隨著時代的變化，人們現(xiàn)在對左撇子的看法已發(fā)生了改變。變。 2(2017吉林長春外國語學(xué)校期中吉林長春外國語學(xué)校期中)How to Meet New PeopleEverybody knows that first impressions count.If you want to kn
37、ow how to meet people，just follow these steps. Live in the moment.To meet new people，the first thing you have to do is enjoy the present moment of the new conversation.Let go of your expectations and fears. When you approach a new person，dont ask yourself，“How do I look？” or “How do I sound？” Instea
38、d，ask，“What would this person like to talk about？” “What matters to this person？”答案答案G. They can prevent a conversation from unfolding smoothly.答案解析 6 解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上文提到，在與新結(jié)識的人談話時要享受當(dāng)前時刻，不要有期望和恐懼；上文提到，在與新結(jié)識的人談話時要享受當(dāng)前時刻，不要有期望和恐懼；G項意為項意為“它們它們(即期望和恐懼即期
39、望和恐懼)會阻礙談話順利地展開會阻礙談話順利地展開”，與上文形成因，與上文形成因果關(guān)系，符合語境。故選果關(guān)系，符合語境。故選G。 If you keep up your confidence，people feel that youre a person who is worth talking to.You should be confident before you walk into a room with new people in it and build your confidence as the conversation goes along.Just smile，talk a
40、bout the things that you love，and show everyone that you love who you are，where you are，and what you do.解析解析主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。根據(jù)下面主旨概括型。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。根據(jù)下面兩段話主要講的內(nèi)容可判斷出，作者給的第二條建議主要是建議人們要有兩段話主要講的內(nèi)容可判斷出，作者給的第二條建議主要是建議人們要有自信，所以自信，所以A項項“保持自信保持自信”適合用作中心句。故選適合用作中心句。故選A。答案答案A. Stay confident.答案解
41、析 7 8 Stand tall，maintain eye contact，and dont fidget with your hands or look at the floor.When you introduce yourself，speak clearly and loudly enough that youll be heard.解析解析細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。根據(jù)后面細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。根據(jù)后面講述的內(nèi)容可判斷出，本段主要講述的是肢體語言方面的建議，所以講述的內(nèi)容可判斷出，本段主要講述的是肢體語言方面的建議，所以C項項“肢體語
42、言能幫助你保持自信肢體語言能幫助你保持自信”與下文緊密相連，符合語境。故選與下文緊密相連，符合語境。故選C。答案答案C. Body language can help you stay confident.答案解析Be positive. 9 You should smile from time to time.Talk about the things you love，the things that make you happy，and your interests to keep people engaged.解析解析細節(jié)支撐句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。該部分的細節(jié)支撐句。
43、運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟等法解答該題。該部分的標(biāo)題句為標(biāo)題句為“Be positive.”，F(xiàn)項意為項意為“保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度能讓人們想和保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度能讓人們想和你談話你談話”，與標(biāo)題句相照應(yīng)，符合語境。故選，與標(biāo)題句相照應(yīng)，符合語境。故選F。答案答案F. Maintaining a positive attitude will make people want to talk to you.答案解析Dont talk about your long-standing hatred for a certain teacher，or classmate. 10 The occasional
44、 “Thats so true！” or “I know exactly what you mean！” will be far more positive.解析解析上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。上下過渡句。運用語意判斷、黃金三步驟、代入復(fù)讀等法解答該題。下文提到，當(dāng)贊同對方的看法時最好能說一些表示贊同的話；下文提到，當(dāng)贊同對方的看法時最好能說一些表示贊同的話；B項意為項意為“不要點頭，每隔五秒說一些表示贊同對方所說的話不要點頭，每隔五秒說一些表示贊同對方所說的話”，與下文照應(yīng)，與下文照應(yīng)，符合語境。故選符合語境。故選B。 答案答案B. Dont nod and
45、agree with what the person is saying every five seconds.答案解析語篇解讀語篇解讀本文主要介紹了一些與新結(jié)識的人談話時的建議。本文主要介紹了一些與新結(jié)識的人談話時的建議。語篇解讀A.Stay confident.B.Dont nod and agree with what the person is saying every five seconds.C.Body language can help you stay confident.D.Dont ask for the persons number in the middle of the conversation.E.Communicate in a fun and casual way.F.Maintaining a positive attitude will make people want to talk to you.G.They can prevent a conversation from unfolding smoothly.
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題二 七選五 第二節(jié) 方法運用于命題課件
