（全國用）2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 題組練習(xí) 6 社會文化

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1、 第三節(jié) 題組練習(xí) A (2017·第三次全國大聯(lián)考) Ask any American what he/she is doing on Sunday，F(xiàn)ebruary 7 and the answer is likely to be either hosting or attending a Super Bowl Party.Played for the title of the National Football League Champion，Super Bowl is the most watched annual television program in the Uni

2、ted States. That’s because Super Bowl which is celebrating its Golden Anniversary this year，is more than just a 60-minute football game—it is a well-designed production that features half-time performances，fireworks shows and television ads that people discuss for days. But most important of all，i

3、t is the day to set aside all diets and enjoy foods one would normally avoid or at least not consume at the same time.It should，therefore，come as no surprise that Super Bowl Sunday is one of the biggest food consumption days in the US—second only to Thanksgiving. The noshing will start early in the

4、 day，long before matches begin and continue long after the 2016 NFL Champions have retired to celebrate. As a result，it is estimated that on Sunday，the nation will consume 1.2 million pounds of potato chips，8.2 million pounds of tortilla chips,3.8 million pounds of popcorn and 3 million pounds of n

5、uts. When the real hunger pains start to hit，they will seek out comfort foods.Not surprisingly，pizza tops the list.Chicken wings are also very popular.It is estimated that almost 1.3 billion wings will be consumed on Super Bowl Sunday.Other favorites include bacon，hot dogs and burgers. But the foo

6、d consumption is not without consequences.Data released indicates that antacid(解酸藥)sales increase by 20% on the Monday following the big game.Additionally，over seven million Americans call in sick.It is no wonder that fans have been urging the government to declare Super Bowl Monday a holiday. 語篇解讀

7、　一年一度的美國超級橄欖球杯大賽不僅是全美收視率最高的電視節(jié)目，而且超級碗星期天也是美國單日食品消費(fèi)量最高的節(jié)日之一，食品消費(fèi)量僅次于感恩節(jié)。 1．Why does Super Bowl become the most popular television program? A．It is the longest football game. B．It is hosted by famous film stars. C．It contains the most wonderful ads. D．It involves various performances. 答案　D 解析

8、　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“it is a well-designed production that features half-time performances，fireworks shows and television ads that people discuss for days”可知選D。 2．Which can replace the underlined word “noshing” in Paragraph 4? A．Playing. B．Eating. C．Competing. D．Resting. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。前后段均介紹在超級橄欖球

9、杯大賽期間食品的消費(fèi)情況，由此判斷選B。 3．Which comfort food is consumed the most? A．Hot dogs. B．Pizza. C．Nuts. D．Chicken wings. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段前兩句“When the real hunger pains start to hit，they will seek out comfort foods.Not surprisingly，pizza tops the list.”可知選B。 4．What bad result might Super Bowl Sunda

10、y lead to? A．Lots of food is wasted. B．Public disorder is caused. C．Some people have an upset stomach. D．Many people lose their work. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段中“Data released indicates that antacid(解酸藥)sales increase by 20% on the Monday following the big game.Additionally，over seven million American

11、s call in sick.”可知人們會因為毫無顧忌地大吃大喝而生病。故選C。 B (2017·福建師大附中期中) The wallet is heading for extinction.As a day-to-day essential，it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers.The kind of shopping，where you hand over notes and count out change in return，now happens only in the most minor

12、of our retailers(零售商)，like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop.At the shops where you spend any real money，that money is increasingly abstracted.And this is more and more true，the higher up the scale you go.At the most cutting-edge(前沿的) retail stores，Victoria Beckham on Do

13、ver Street，for instance，you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Across society，the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe I’m just old-fashioned.But earning money isn’

14、t quick or easy for most of us.Isn’t it a bit weird(怪異) that spending it should happen in half a blink(眨眼) of an eye？Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honored Friday-night feeling of pleasing，promising fatness—represent something that matters? But I’ll leave the economics to the experts.What bothers me ab

15、out the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.Everything about the look and feel of a wallet，the way the materials wear and tear and loosen with age，the plastic and paper and gold and silver，and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets，is the very op

16、posite of what our world is becoming.The opposite of a wallet is a smart phone or an iPad.The rounded edges，cool glass，smooth and unknowable as a pebble(鵝卵石)．Instead of digging through pieces of paper，we move our fingers left and right.No more counting out coins.Show your wallet，if you still have on

17、e.It may not be here much longer. 語篇解讀　文章敘述了現(xiàn)代社會，人們的支付方式逐步電子化，傳統(tǒng)的錢包正走向消失。作者對于這種現(xiàn)象所代表的社會發(fā)展趨勢感到不安。 5．What is happening to the wallet? A．It is disappearing. B．It is becoming costly. C．It is being fattened. D．It is changing in style. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章首句“The wallet is heading for extinction.”可知

18、，錢包正在消失。故選A。 6．What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays? A．Saving money is becoming a thing of the past. B．The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading. C．Spending money is so fast and easy. D．Earning money is getting more difficult. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段前四句可知，金錢概念的抽象化使作者不安，掙錢不容易但在瞬間就會

19、花掉很多錢。故選C。 7．What can we infer from the passage about the author? A．He is resistant to social changes. B．He is against technological progress. C．He wants to say goodbye to the traditional wallet. D．He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。本文主要敘述了傳統(tǒng)的錢包在消失，人們的支付方式在發(fā)生巨大

20、的變化，作者對于不斷改變的社會感到不安。故選D項。 C (2017·貴州遵義航天高級中學(xué)五模) Every year in America，high-school students who want to go to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test，or SAT in a shortened way.Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whethe

21、r any will be admitted at all.The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures one’s mathematical ability and use of the English language.Traditionally，the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension. But the SAT folks have added a single question，to be answered

22、in an essay，hand-written on the spot.That’s an interesting way to test writing ability，but content aside，have you ever seen young people’s handwriting lately？Or anyone’s for that matter，in this age of computer keyboards？Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks.They scribble class n

23、otes in what can generously be described as the written word. Yet today’s kids are asked to write，thoughtfully and clearly，for several minutes on this SAT Test.Good luck to the text scorers who must work out difficultly the scrawl(潦草的字跡) of young people who’ve been typing on computers since the age

24、 of three！Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one’s score on the SAT，but also，later on in life，impress potential employers.And don’t forget，we all have to turn to handwriting from time to time，as computers go down when power goes out. Then how to improve the handwriting？Well，wit

25、h a few simple steps you can improve your handwriting. Position the pen.You should hold the pen between the forefinger and the thumb，then rest it near the first knuckle(指節(jié)) of the middle finger.The rest of your fingers should be curled(卷曲) under your hand and your hand should remain relaxed. Evalu

26、ate your writing.Make changes to your letters till you like how they look. Take your time.Speed is bound to make your writing messy-looking. Practice.Practice it a lot; it’s not enough to do it once and hope for the best.It has to be something you work at to make great improvements. 語篇解讀　文章由SAT考試

27、增加書面表達(dá)，引入話題——當(dāng)前學(xué)生不注重書寫。此項改革旨在讓學(xué)生改掉書寫潦草的壞習(xí)慣。 8．The underlined word “scribble” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”． A．write quickly and roughly B．type simply and correctly C．paint clearly and neatly D．describe properly and well 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。由“...have you ever seen young people’s handwri

28、ting lately？Or anyone’s for that matter，in this age of computer keyboards？Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks.”可推知學(xué)生在課堂上記筆記非常潦草。故選A。 9．According to Paragraph 3，students with good handwriting skill . A．can pass the SAT B．can develop good characters C．can impress the

29、ir classmates D．can get more job opportunities 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由該段第三句“Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one’s score on the SAT，but also，later on in life，impress potential employers.”可知選D。 10．Which of the following should you avoid when improving your handwriting? A．Practicin

30、g writing a lot. B．Writing as fast as you can. C．Relaxing your hand when holding the pen. D．Changing your letters till you like how they look. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后四段的內(nèi)容可知B項是書寫時應(yīng)該避免的。故選B。 11．The text is to present the fact that . A．writing seems to be very important in the SAT B．those w

31、ho will go to college have to take the SAT C．students should practice handwriting more often D．kids don’t know how to write in the computer age 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。文章由SAT考試增加書面表達(dá)，引入話題——當(dāng)前學(xué)生不注重書寫。此項改革旨在讓學(xué)生改掉書寫潦草的壞習(xí)慣。故選C。 D (2017·貴州遵義航天高級中學(xué)四模) Fighting racial stereotypes(模式化) on US campuses often

32、 begins by putting students of different ethnic backgrounds together—under one dormitory roof. Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor.He was determined to get good grades—in part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial vie

33、ws.“You’re pushed to do better，to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart，” he told the New York Times. Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice(偏見)，diversify(使多樣化)friendships and even promote students’ academic performa

34、nce.In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio，black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate—even if the roommate’s test scores were low.Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with r

35、oommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships.“Just having diversity in classrooms doesn’t do anything to increase interracial friendships，” said Claudia Buchman，an author of the Duke study.“But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more inter

36、racial friendships.” There are，however，some problems with such room assignments.Fazio’s study found that three times as many randomly(隨機(jī)地) assigned interracial roommates weren’t living together at the end of the semester，compared with white roommates.Interracial roommates also spent less time toge

37、ther，had fewer joint activities and were less involved with each other’s friends than white pairs. As for Boakye，this is not the case.“A lot of white students come without much exposure(暴露) to diversity，so when their first interaction with a black guy isn’t bad，they will make more black friends.I t

38、hink I made a good impression on my freshman roommate.I saw him this year，and he said，‘Hey dude，you’re not the only black friend I have.’ That felt good.” 語篇解讀　美國大學(xué)校園為了抵制種族模式化，專門把不同種族文化背景的人放在同一個寢室里，這樣做經(jīng)過研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)利大于弊。 12．Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPT

39、 . A．making more friends B．reducing prejudice C．earning better grades D．improving physical health 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三項都有提及，唯一沒提到的是D項。故選D。 13．Sam Boakye was determined to get good grades partly because . A．he wanted to prove he was a smart boy B．he intended to plea

40、se his parents C．he wished to earn the scholarship D．he wanted to show black people are as smart as white people 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“‘You’re pushed to do better，to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart，’ he told the New York Times.”可知他是想證明他跟白人一樣聰明。故選D。 14．We can conc

41、lude that Boakye . A．got along well with his white roommate B．shared fewer joint activities with his white roommate C．had a negative attitude towards his white roommate D．is still living together with his freshman white roommate 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I think I made a good impression o

42、n my freshman roommate.I saw him this year，and he said，‘Hey dude，you’re not the only black friend I have.’ That felt good.”可知，他跟室友相處得很好。故選A。 15．The 4th paragraph is mainly about . A．the interracial friendship B．some problems with having an interracial roommate C．some comments on the inte

43、rracial roommates D．the interaction between the black student and the white student 答案　B 解析　段落大意題。該段主要是講不同種族文化的學(xué)生在一個寢室產(chǎn)生的問題。故選B。 Ⅰ.單詞梳理 1．He speaks English as though he were an American(America)． 2．Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national(nation) economy. 3．The

44、 hotel had a grand celebration(celebrate) for its opening. 4．Proposal is easier than performance(perform)． 5．The patient began to breathe normally(normal)． 6．She gave the lid a few taps to loosen(loose) it. 7．I’ve asked him to shorten(short) my trousers. 8．She has the ability(able) to keep calm

45、 in an emergency. 9．A new law has been brought in to discourage racial(race) prejudice. 10．Her gentleness has given me a deep impression(impress)． Ⅱ.短語提煉 A．英漢互譯 1．set aside　　　　　　 留出；把……放置一旁 2．a(chǎn)t the same time 同時；然而 3．seek out 找出；搜出 4．head for 前往；出發(fā) 5．作為報答 in return 6．立刻；當(dāng)場 on the

46、 spot 7．被描述成…… be described as 8．堅決；下決心做某事 be determined to do sth. B．運(yùn)用上述短語完成下列句子 1．The policeman arrested the thief on the spot. 2．He was determined to hold on to this job whatever difficulties he might run into. 3．Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of min

47、d. 4．The little girl gave me a big hug in return for my help. 5．He is heading for trouble if he goes on behaving like that. 6．I’m afraid we must set aside your request for more equipment. 7．I saw two boys rising to their feet at the same time. 8．Go to seek them out and connect with them. Ⅲ.翻譯與

48、仿寫 1．It is no wonder that fans have been urging the government to declare Super Bowl Monday a holiday. 句式分析　It is no wonder that...難怪……。 翻譯　難怪粉絲們一直強(qiáng)烈要求政府宣布超級碗星期一為假期。 仿寫　他成功了是不足為奇的。 It is no wonder that he should have succeeded. 2．But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships. 句式分析　本句中does用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞短語lead to。 翻譯　但是，和不同種族的室友住在一塊確實促成更多的種族間的友誼。 仿寫　昨天，他確實向我道歉了。 He did make an apology to me yesterday./He did apologize to me yesterday. 10