山東省青島市中考英語 第二部分 專題語法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)12 簡(jiǎn)單句課件
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1、第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 1212 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 陳述句陳述句 定義:用來陳述一件事實(shí)或表達(dá)說話者看法的句子叫作陳述句,陳述句分為肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句肯定句肯定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語謂語其他”。如:She went to the Great Wall yesterday.她昨天去了長城。2.否定句否定句肯定句變否定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(1)be動(dòng)詞的否定式。在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如:We arent classmates.我們不是同班同學(xué)。(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如:I cant
2、 speak English well.我英語說得不好。(3)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式。借助助動(dòng)詞do / does / did構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語doesnt / dont動(dòng)詞原形其他”。如:He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天都做鍛煉?!咀⒁庾⒁狻?1)完全否定,常用not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,none,never等詞表示完全否定。如:I will not eat supper tomorrow.我明天不吃晚飯了。Nobody knew him.(過去)沒人知道他。(2)部分否定,常用兩種形式表
3、示:用hardly,seldom,few,little等詞表示。 如:He seldom writes home.他很少給家里寫信。not和both,all,each,every,quite,always等連用表示部分否定。如:She does not always watch TV in the evening.她不總是在晚上看電視??键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句1.一般疑問句一般疑問句定義:以系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭,可以用Yes / No來回答的疑問句叫一般疑問句。(1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:Be+主語+其他?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?助動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?(2)回答:對(duì)一般疑問句
4、作肯定回答時(shí),通常是“Yes,主語be / 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”;作否定回答時(shí),通常是“No,主語be / 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not”,not一般與前面的詞語構(gòu)成縮略形式。如:Are you a doctor?你是醫(yī)生嗎?Yes,I am.是的,我是。No,Im not.不,我不是。Do you like playing football?你喜歡踢足球嗎?Yes,I do.是的,我喜歡。/No,I dont.不,我不喜歡。【注意注意】 一般疑問句通常是怎么問,怎么答,即用什么詞提問,就用什么詞回答,但有下列情況時(shí)除外: 用其他詞語代替yes或no來回答,從而使語氣變得客氣、委婉。如:Can
5、 you come and go to the park with me?你能與我一起去公園嗎?Im afraid not.I have a lot of homework to do.恐怕不行,我有很多作業(yè)要做。 否定的一般疑問句通常是以be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與not的縮略形式開頭,往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。如:Dont you know that?(表示驚訝)你不知道那件事嗎?Yes,I do.不,我知道。/No,I dont.是的,我不知道。 對(duì)否定的一般疑問句作簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)也用yes或no,但其漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句定義:用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫特
6、殊疑問句。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和由疑問詞構(gòu)成的疑問短語。特殊疑問句不能用Yes / No回答。(1)常用疑問代詞:what“什么”;who“誰”;whom“誰”(who的賓格);which“哪個(gè)”;whose“誰的”(提問物品的主人)。疑問代詞可以提問主語、 賓語、表語或定語。(2)常用疑問副詞:when“何時(shí)”;where“何地”;how“怎么”;why“為什么”。 疑問副詞提問狀語。(3)常用疑問短語:what time“什么時(shí)刻”;how many / much“多3 3. .選擇疑問句選擇疑問句概念概念形式形式對(duì)問題給出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上答案,供對(duì)方選擇其一的疑問句 一般疑問句
7、or選擇項(xiàng)? 特殊疑問句選擇項(xiàng)or選擇項(xiàng)? 選擇疑問句不用yes或no回答,可用完整的陳述句或其簡(jiǎn)略形式作答,也可用不定代詞all,either,neither或none作答,只要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答便可。如:Do you like apples or pears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨?Apples.蘋果。Which do you want to drink,tea or coffee?你想喝什么,茶還是咖啡?I prefer coffee.我更喜歡喝咖啡。4 4. .反意疑問句反意疑問句 定義:附加在陳述句后,對(duì)陳述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行反問的句子叫反意疑問句(又稱附加問句),一般由兩部分組成:陳述句簡(jiǎn)略問句?
8、結(jié)構(gòu)原則:“三同一反”原則。所謂“三同一反”原則,即:人稱相同、動(dòng)詞相同、時(shí)態(tài)相同;前肯后否或前否后肯。如下表:形式形式例句例句肯定陳述句附加否定疑問句Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?露西經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué),不是嗎?否定陳述句附加肯定疑問句You havent finished your work,have you?你還沒有完成工作,是嗎?形式形式例句例句Lets祈使句,shall we?Lets have a rest,shall we?咱們休息一下,好嗎?Let us祈使句,will you?Let us go to the mall,
9、will you?我們?nèi)ド虉?chǎng),可以嗎?肯定祈使句,will / wont you?Be sure to write to us,will you?你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?Come to have dinner with us this evening,wont you?今晚來和我們一起吃飯,好嗎?否定祈使句,will you?Dont smoke in the meeting room,will you?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙,好嗎? (1)反意疑問句中常出現(xiàn)的特殊形式: 若陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不,決不),hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定的代詞或副詞,如:nothing,none
10、,no one,nobody,neither,few,little,seldom等時(shí),則附加問句只能用肯定形式。 陳述句是I think / I suppose / I believe / I consider等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),問句一般與從句保持一致。注意否定前移。 陳述句主語是something / anything / everything / nothing等不定代詞時(shí),反問句中代詞用it;陳述句主語是somebody / someone / anybody / anyone / everybody / everyone等時(shí),反問句中代詞用they,she或he,注意問句中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與they
11、/ she / he保持一致。 (2)對(duì)反義疑問句的回答: 不管陳述部分是肯定句還是否定句,若事實(shí)是肯定的,答語就要用yes;事實(shí)是否定的,答語就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句的答語中,yes意為“不”,no意為“是的”。如:He didnt go to the meeting,did he?他沒有參加這次會(huì)議,是嗎?Yes,he did.不,他參加了。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年青島中考主要考查了句子的基本類型的用法。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要熟記四種基本類型,感嘆句、疑問句、祈使句和陳述句的構(gòu)成??v觀歷年的中考發(fā)現(xiàn),句式不會(huì)作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的考查點(diǎn),而是作為承載知識(shí)點(diǎn)的基本載體,所以在每一個(gè)題型中
12、都是必考的,也需要我們重點(diǎn)掌握。 考題重點(diǎn)考查疑問句,偶爾出現(xiàn)感嘆句和祈使句。但在綜合填空和閱讀表達(dá)也常出現(xiàn)??键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句1.2017青島,10題_C_ do you go to a movie? Twice a week. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far2.2016青島,3題 A do you usually share happiness with? My parents and my best friend. A.Who B.Whose C.What D.How3.2015青島,12題How many times _D
13、_Carl _ to the Great Wall? Only once. A.does;go B.did;go C.has;gone D.has;been4.2014青島,5題_A_ is it from your home to school? Its three miles. A.How far B.How long C.How big D.How high5.2013青島,8題Do you know C the girl in blue is? Im not sure.Maybe a teacher. A.whose B.how C.what D.which6.2012青島,21題_B
14、_ do the children take art lessons a week? Three or four times. A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often7.2011青島,16題Could you please pass me the book? _C_. A.Yes,I could B.No,I couldnt C.Sure.Here you are D.No,thats no problem8.2011青島,22題Hello!Im very glad to see you.When _A_ you_ here? A.
15、did;arrive B.will;arrive C.have;arrived D.are;arriving9.2009青島,17題Mike,would you mind not wearing those old jeans? They look terrible. _A_. A.OK,Ill put on another pair B.OK,Ill take it C.Sorry,I wont be long D.Yes,please考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 感嘆句感嘆句10.2013青島,2題_B_ it is today! Yes.Shall we go hiking? A.How fine we
16、ather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 祈使句祈使句 11.2014青島,6題 B away from the lake,boys.It is deep. A.Stays B.Stay C.Staying D.To stay猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè)1.Is the mobile phone new or old? _.I bought it only two days ago. A.Its old B.Its new C.Yes,it is D.No,it isnt2.Millie,_
17、do you take the course in DIY? Every Saturday afternoon. A.how long B.how far C.how much D.how often3._ is it from your home to your school? It is about 10 minutes ride. A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often4.He doesnt speak English or Japanese,_? _.He speaks Chinese. A.does he;Yes,he doesnt B
18、.doesnt he;No,he does C.does he;No,he doesnt D.does he;Yes,he doesBDCC5.Summy ate nothing for breakfast this morning,_? No,because she had a stomachache. A.isnt she B.was she C.didnt she D.did she6.What does your new classmate look like? _. A.He is from Australia B.He is tall and of medium build C.H
19、e is very nice to others D.He has a pair of blue shoes7.You didnt find the owner of the books,did you? _.So I gave them to our teacher. A.No,I did B.Yes,I didnt C.No,I didnt D.Yes,I did8._ interesting TV program Running Man is!I watch it every week. A.How B.What C.What a D.What anDBCD9.Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. _ great she is!We Chinese are so proud of her. A.What a B.What C.How a D.How10.Tommy,_ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car. A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt11._dressed now!We have to go in ten minutes. OK,Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.GetsDBB
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