會計學(xué)-企業(yè)決策地基礎(chǔ) 問題詳解

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1、word 管理會計作業(yè)〔chapter16-20〕 C a. (1) Direct materials purchased $ 410,000 (2) Direct materials used: Materials inventory, beginning of year $ 22,000 Add: Purchases of direct materials 410,000 Cost of direct materials available for

2、use $ 432,000 Less: Materials inventory, end of year 26,000 Cost of direct materials used $ 406,000 (3) Payments of direct labor payrolls $ ,000 (4) Direct labor cost assigned to production $ 192,000 (5) Total manufa

3、cturing costs: Direct materials used [part a (2)] $ 406,000 Direct labor cost 192,000 Manufacturing overhead 393,600 Total manufacturing costs $ 991,600 (6) Cost of finished goods manufactured: Work in proce

4、ss inventory, beginning of year $ 5,000 Add: Total manufacturing costs [part a (5)] 991,600 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 996,600 Less: Work in process inventory, end of year 9,000 Cost of finished goods

5、 manufactured $ 987,600 (7) Cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory of finished goods $ 38,000 Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured [part a (6)] 987,600 Cost of goods available for sale $ 1,025,600 Less: En

6、ding inventory of finished goods 25,000 Cost of goods sold $ 1,000,600 (8) Total inventory: Materials inventory $ 26,000 Work in process inventory 9,000 Finished goods inventory 25,000 Total inv

7、entory $ 60,000 b. HILLSDALE MANUFACTURING CORP. Schedule of the Cost of Finished Goods Manufactured For the Year Ended December 31, 20__ Work in process inventory, beginning of year $ 5,000 Add: Manufacturing costs assigned to production: Direct

8、 materials used [part a (2)] $ 406,000 Direct labor 192,000 Manufacturing overhead 393,600 Total manufacturing costs 991,600 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 996,600 Less: Work in process, end of year

9、 9,000 Cost of finished goods manufactured $ 987,600 C a. Purchases of direct materials $ 360,000 b. Cost of direct materials used: Materials inventory, beginning of year $ 18,000 Add: Purchases of direct materials

10、 360,000 Cost of materials available for use $ 378,000 Less: Materials inventory, end of year 14,000 Cost of direct materials used $ 364,000 c. Direct labor payrolls paid during the year $ 225,000 d. Direct labor costs ass

11、igned to production $ 230,000 e. Overhead costs during the year $ 400,000 Units in the activity base (direct labor costs) 230,000 Overhead stated as a percentage of direct labor costs ($400,000 ÷ $230,000) 174% f. Direct mater

12、ials used (part b) $ 364,000 Direct labor costs assigned to production 230,000 Manufacturing overhead applied to production 400,000 Total manufacturing costs charged to work in process $ 994,000 g. Costs of finished goods manufactured:

13、 Work in process inventory, beginning of year $ 20,000 Add: Total manufacturing costs (part f) 994,000 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 1,014,000 Less: Cost of work in process inventory, end of year 25,000 Cost of fi

14、nished goods manufactured $ 989,000 h. Cost of goods sold: Beginning inventory of finished goods $ 98,000 Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured (part g) 989,000 Cost of goods available for sale $ 1,,000 Less: Ending inventory of

15、 finished goods 110,000 Cost of goods sold $ 977,000 i. Total inventory at year-end: Materials inventory $ 14,000 Work in process inventory 25,000 Finished goods inventory 110,000 Total inventory $

16、 149,000 C a. Department One overhead application rate based on machine-hours: Manufacturing Overhead = $420,000 = $35 per machine-hour Machine-Hours 12,000 Department Two overhead application rate based on dire

17、ct labor hours: Manufacturing Overhead = $337,500 = per direct labor hour Direct Labor Hours 15,000 b. Job no. 58: Dept. One Dept. Two Total Direct materials $ 10,100 $

18、 7,600 $ 17,700 Direct labor 16,500 11,100 27,600 Manufacturing overhead: 750 machine-hours × $35 per hour 26,250 26,250 740 direct labor hours × $22.50 per hour 16,650

19、 16,650 Total cost of job no. 58 $ 88,200 c. General Journal Cost of Goods Sold 88,200 Finished Goods Inventory 88,200 To record cost of goo

20、ds sold (job no. 58) to City Furniture. Accounts Receivable (City Furniture) 147,000 Sales 147,000 To record revenue from sale to City Furniture. d. Dept. O

21、ne Dept. Two Actual manufacturing overhead for January $ 39, $ 26,540 Manufacturing overhead applied to jobs: 1,100 machine-hours × $35 per hour 38,500 1,200 direct labor hours × $22.50 per hour

22、 27,000 Underapplied manufacturing overhead—Dept. One $ 510 Overapplied manufacturing overhead—Dept. Two $ 460 C a. Budgeted manufacturing overhead $ 24,600 Budgeted direct labor hours (DLH) ÷ 2,500 Manuf

23、acturing overhead application rate $ 9.84 per DLH Manufacturing overhead allocated using DLH Basic Chunks Custom Cuts 50,000 bags × 0.01 DLH per bag × $9.84 per DLH $ 4,920 20,000 cases × 0.10 DLH per case × $9.84 per DLH $ 19,680

24、 b. Percent of cost driver assigned to each product line Basic Chunks Custom Cuts Kilowatt hours: Basic Chunks (90,000 KWH ÷ 100,000 KWH) 90% Custom Cuts (10,000 KWH ÷ 100,000 KWH) 10% Machine hours: Basic Chunks (160 MH ÷ 200 NH) 80%

25、 Custom Cuts (40 MH ÷ 200 MH) 20% Square feet occupied: Basic Chunks (60,000 Sq. Ft. ÷ 80,000 Sq. Ft.) 75% Custom Cuts (20,000 Sq. Ft. ÷ 80,000 Sq. Ft.) 25% Direct labor hours: Basic Chunks (500 DLH ÷ 2,500 DLH) 20% Cust

26、om Cuts (2,000 DLH ÷ 2,500 DLH) 80% Manufacturing overhead allocated using ABC Basic Chunks Custom Cuts Utilities cost pool (using KWH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (90% × $8,000) $ 7,200 Custom Cuts (10% × $8,000) $ 800

27、 Maintenance cost pool (using MH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (80% × $1,000) $ 800 Custom Cuts (20% × $1,000) $ 200 Depreciation cost pool (using Sq. Ft. as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (75% × $15,000) $ 11,250

28、 Custom Cuts (25% × $15,000) $ 3,750 Miscellaneous cost pool (using DLH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (20% × $600) $ 120 Custom Cuts (80% × $600) $ 480 Total overhead allocated to each product line using ABC

29、$ 19,370 $ 5,230 c. Total manufacturing costs allocated to each product line Basic Chunks Custom Cuts Direct Labor: Basic Chunks (50,000 bags × $12 per DLH × 0.01 DLH) $ 6,000 Custom Cuts (20,000 cases × $12 per DLH × 0.10 DLH) $

30、 24,000 Direct Materials: Basic Chunks (50,000 bags × $2 per bag) $ 100,000 Custom Cuts (20,000 cases × $4 per case) $ 80,000 Manufacturing Overhead (allocate using ABC): Basic Chunks (from part b) $ 19,370

31、 Custom Cuts (from part b) $ 5,230 Total cost allocated using ABC $ 125,370 $ 109,230 d. The Custom Cuts product line is very labor intensive in parison to the Basic Chunks product line. Thus, the pany’s current practice of using direct labor

32、hours to allocate overhead results in the assignment of a disproportionate amount of total overhead to the Custom Cuts product line. If pricing decisions are set as a fixed percentage above the manufacturing costs assigned to each product, the Custom Cuts product line is overpriced in the marketpla

33、ce whereas the Basic Chunks product line is currently priced at an artificially low price in the marketplace. This probably explains why sales of Basic Chunks remain strong while sales of Custom Cuts are on the decline. e. The benefits the pany would achieve by implementing an activity-based cost

34、ing system include: (1) a better identification of its operating inefficiencies, (2) a better understanding of its overhead cost structure, (3) a better understanding of the resource requirements of each product line, (4) the potential to increase the selling price of Basic Chunks to make it more pa

35、rable to petitive brands and possibly do so without having to sacrifice significant market share, and (5) the ability to decrease the selling price of Custom Cuts without having to sacrifice product quality. C a. job costing (each project of a construction pany is unique)

36、 b. both job and process costing (institutional clients may represent unique jobs) c. job costing (each set of equipment is uniquely designed and manufactured) d. process costing (the dog houses are uniformly manufactured in high volumes) e. process costing (the

37、vitamins and supplements are uniformly manufactured in high volumes) C Part I. Physical Flow Total Units Inputs: ? Beginning WIP -0- ? Started 4,000 Dishwashers to account for 4,000 Outputs: ? Units pleted 4,000 ? Ending WIP -0-

38、 Dishwashers accounted for 4,000 Part II. Equivalent Units Direct Materials Conversion Costs Based on monthly input: ? Beginning WIP -0- -0- ? Units started 4,000 4,000 Equivalent units of input 4,000 4,000 Based on monthly outp

39、ut: ? Units pleted 4,000 4,000 ? Ending WIP -0- ? -0- Equivalent units of output 4,000 4,000 Part III. Cost Per Equivalent Unit Total Unit Cost Direct Materials Conversion Costs Costs from Tub Department $150,000 $30,000 Costs from Motor Department

40、 ?96,000 24,000 TOTAL $246,000 $54,000 Divide by equivalent units ???÷ 4,000 ?÷ 4,000 Costs per equivalent unit $75.00 Part IV. Total Cost Assignment Total Costs Direct Materials Conversion Costs Costs to account for: ? Cost of begi

41、nning WIP $ -0- ? Cost added during the period 300,000 Total cost to account for $300,000 Costs accounted for: ? Cost of goods transferred Beginning WIP last period $ -0- $ -0- ? $ ?-0-? Beginning WIP this period

42、 -0- -0- -0-? Started and pleted 300,000 246,000a 54,000b Total cost transferred $300,000 $246,000 $54,000 ? Add ending WIP ???-0- -0- -0- Total cost accounted for $300,000 $246,000 $54,000 a4,000 EU $61.50 =

43、 $246,000 b4,000 EU $13.50 = $54,000 C a. (1) $49 [($192,000 + $48,000 + $54,000) ÷ 6,000 units] (2) $109 [($480,000 + $108,000 + $66,000) ÷ 6,000 units] (3) $158 ($49 + $109) (4) $32 ($192,000 ÷ 6,000 units) (5) $18 ($108,000 ÷ 6,000 units)

44、 b. In evaluating the overall efficiency of the Engine Department, management would look at the monthly per-unit cost incurred by that department, which is the cost of assembling and installing an engine ($109 in part a). C a. Required contribution margin per unit Budg

45、eted operating Ine $ 260,000 Fixed costs 540,000 Total required contribution margin $ 800,000 Number of units to be produced and sold 50,000 Required contribution margin per unit ($800,000 ÷ $50,000 units)

46、 $ 16 Required sales price per unit: Required contribution margin per unit $ 16 Variable costs and expenses per unit 84 Total required unit sales price $ 100

47、 b. Break-Even Sales Volume (in units) = Fixed Costs Contribution Margin per Unit = $540,000 $16 = 33,750 units c. Margin of safety at 50,000 units

48、: Sales volume at 50,000 units ($100 × 50,000 units) $ 5,000,000 Less: Break-even sales volume ($100 × $33,750 units) 3,375,000 Margin of safety $ 1,625,000 Operating Ine at 50,000 units: Margin of safety $ 1,

49、625,000 Contribution margin ration ($100 - $84) ÷ $100 .16 Operating Ine ($1,625,000 × .16) $ 260,000 d. No. With a unit sales price of $94, the break-even sales volume in units is 54,000 units: Unit contribution margin = $94 - $84 variable costs = $

50、10 Break-even sales volume (in units) = $540,000 $10 = 54,000 units Unless Thermal Tent has the ability to manufacture 54,000 units (or lower fixed and/or variable costs), setting the unit sales price at $94 will not enable Thermal Tent to break e

51、ven. C a. Sales price per unit: Budgeted cots $ 2,250,000 Add: Budgeted operating ine 900,000 Budgeted sales revenue $ 3,150,000 Sales price per unit ($3,150,000 ÷ 30,000 units) $ 105 b. (1) Total fi

52、xed costs: Manufacturing overhead ($720,000 × 75%) $ 540,000 Selling and adminstrative expenses ($600,000 × 80%) 480,000 Total fixed costs $ 1,020,000 (2) Variable costs and expenses per unit: Direct materials $

53、 21 Direct labor 10 Manufacturing overhead ($24 × 25%) 6 Selling and administrative expense ($20 × 20%) 4 Total variable costs per unit $ 41 (3) Unit contribution margin: Sa

54、les price per unit $ 121 Less: Variable costs per unit [from (2)] 41 Unit contribution margin $ 80 (4) Number of units required to break even: Fixed costs [from (1)] $ 1,020,000 Contribution margin per

55、unit [from (3)] $ 80 Number of units required to break even ($1,020,000 ÷ $80) 12,750 C a. Variable costs per unit before 15% increase in the cost of direct labor $ 60 Increase in cost of direct labor, 15% of $20 3

56、 Variable costs and expenses per unit after 15% increase in the cost of direct labor $ 63 Because the contribution margin ratio of 40% is required, the variable costs of $63 per unit must equal 60% of sales p

57、rice after the wage increase. New sales price, $63 ÷ .60 $ 105 Sales price before increase 100 Required increase in sales price per unit $ 5 b. Unit contribution margi

58、n: Sales price per unit $ 100 Less: Variable costs per unit following 15% increase in direct labor cost (part a) 63 Unit contribution margin $ 37 Sales volume required

59、 to maintain current operating ine: Sales Volume = Fixed Costs + Target Operating Ine Unit Contribution Margin = $390,000 + $350,000 = $20,000 units $37 c. Current After

60、 Capacity Expansion (20,000 Units) (25,000 Units) Total contribution margin ($37 per unit) $ 740,000 $ 925,000 Less: Fixed costs 390,000 530,000* Operating ine at full capacity $ 350,000 $ 395,000 *$390,000 + additional depreciation per year on new machinery, $140,000 (20% of $700,000). 23 / 23