（江蘇專用）2021版新高考英語一輪復習 課時提能練34 牛津譯林版

課時提能練(三十四) Unit 4　Helping people around the world 課時作業(yè)A：基礎層面 Ⅰ.語境語法填空 A The UN is an international organization consisting of countries that want to promote world peace.It 1.was_set(set) up just after the Second World War by 51 countries 2.while today 192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions：to keep international peace; to develop friendly 3.relationships(relationship) among nations；to work together in 4.solving(solve) international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights；and to be a centre for organizing the actions 5.or work of different nations. Apart from the urgent problems 6.caused(cause) by wars and disasters，the UN helps countries 7.with other problems such as lack of education，8.starvation(starve)，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.At 9.a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015，one of which 10.is(be) to ensure that clean water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education. B Nowadays many people lack healthy food on account of environmental pollution. What's worse，in some places，it is impossible for people 1.to_drink(drink) clean water. Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.On the other hand，the non-official environmental organization 2.referred(refer) to just advocates the use of green power，which is 3.beneficial(benefit)to our environment，at the same time，if only we could use some alternative means of transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better. In a word，what we have done will make much 4.difference (differ) to our environment. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．外國學習者很難理解唐詩的真實含義和文化。(sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do) The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are_difficult_to_understand for a foreign learner. 2．我胃不舒服，我倒希望沒有吃那么多。(would rather) I have an upset stomach and I would_rather I hadn't_eaten so much. 3．由于缺錢，可憐的女孩不能買這本書。(lack) The poor girl can't buy this book for_lack_of_money. 4．提醒我在出去之前給艾倫打個電話。(remind) Remind_me_to_phone Alan before I go out. 課時作業(yè)B：能力層面 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·昆明市診斷測試)Who're happier，men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful，because basically，happiness is different for women and men. Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years，according to recent statistics.And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men.Gender (性別) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the difference. Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness，warmth and fear，which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver，while men display more anger，pride and disrespect，which are more consistent with a protector and provider role. Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially，but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (鏡像神經(jīng)元) than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view，to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings，such as more guilt，shame and to a lesser degree，embarrassment. Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger，women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness.This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's. 【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。 1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women? A．Warmth.　　　　　　　 B．Depression. C．Happiness. D．Disrespect. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger，pride and disrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選D。] 2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly? A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors. C．Educational factors. D．Social factors. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內(nèi)心的情感。] 3．One can probably read the text from________. A．a(chǎn) science fiction B．a(chǎn) culture brochure C．a(chǎn) nursery guide D．a(chǎn) health magazine D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology. B．Men and women experience happiness differently. C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women. D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years. B　[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異，故B項最符合文意。] B (2019·成都市畢業(yè)班摸底測試)As evolution tends to remove waste，how come we evolved such large，energy­consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假設)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生態(tài))． Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before.The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems.For example，do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin.Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems? While many studies have found such associations，there is a problem.It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems. To find out the causes of brain expansion，we recreated the scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model.We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans.But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains.In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life.Bigger isn't necessarily better. But many animals face hard ecological problems.Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.So our results and those of others' suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human­sized brain. Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文?？茖W研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化知識的積累的共同作用決定的；大腦并非越大越好，如果大腦過大，則人類將無法適應社會交往活動。 5．In most people's view，what makes human evolve large brains? A．Social challenges. B．Social and ecological challenges. C．Ecological challenges. D．Competition with other large animals. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假設)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并結合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認為棘手的社會交往活動是人類大腦進化的動力，故A項正確。] 6．What's the problem of the common approach? A．Its model is not reliable enough. B．It doesn't tell the cause and effect clearly. C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively. D．It doesn't find brain size is connected with problems. B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究方法無法解釋清楚大腦進化的原因和影響，故B項正確。] 7．Why don't many animals have large brains? A．They don't learn from each other. B．They don't face hard ecological problems. C．They don't need to cooperate with each other. D．They don't keep learning tough skills as they grow. D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句“Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有當個體在成長過程中不斷學習艱難的技能時，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會導致人類特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可以判斷，動物在成長過程中并沒有持續(xù)學習艱難的技能，所以動物沒有大的大腦，故D項正確。] 8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising? A．Animals don't have large brains. B．Social challenges decrease brain size. C．Ecological challenges increase brain size. D．It's unclear whether human brains will expand further. B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，與主流觀點及我們自己的預期相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會挑戰(zhàn)導致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會挑戰(zhàn)導致大腦變小是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B項正確。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·石家莊市重點高中摸底考試)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__. She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it. A couple of people tried to __3__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to __4__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there. While watching the other people __5__， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __6__ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she invited me to sit inside her car. I wasn't in a hurry, so I __7__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __8__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble. But actually it wasn't too much trouble __9__ they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it __10__. We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic. Finally __11__ came and helped her back on the street. She __12__me and asked for my phone number so she could return the favor，but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much __13__ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __14__ can make a lot of __15__. 【語篇解讀】　該文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者安慰并幫助一位在馬路上因為給救護車讓行而陷入困境的女士的故事。 1．A.signal B．way C．time D．help B　[一位女士試圖給一輛救護車讓行。give way to...“讓行”，為固定搭配。故選B。] 2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．a(chǎn)bandoned A　[根據(jù)下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因為給救護車讓行，這位女士的車卡(stuck)在那里不能動彈。] 3．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive A　[根據(jù)上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，車子卡在那里，障礙物太高，不能被抬(lift)回來。] 4．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take B　[那位女士在車里試圖尋求(seek)一些服務。] 5．A.shout B．discuss C．stand D．leave D　[根據(jù)上文中的“Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left”可知，當時其他人因為幫不了什么忙，都走開(leave)了。] 6．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible C　[根據(jù)上文可知，那位女士的車被卡在障礙物上，其他人又幫不上忙，作者將心比心，覺得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，與下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”呼應。] 7．A.consulted B．warned C．a(chǎn)dvised D．informed D　[根據(jù)語境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情況。] 8．A.persuade B．comfort C．frighten D．satisfy B　[根據(jù)空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦慮不安，作者試圖寬慰(comfort)她，這與下文“We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼應。] 9．A.though B．until C．since D．unless C　[根據(jù)語境可推知，此處前后內(nèi)容表示邏輯上的因果關系。故since“因為”符合語境。] 10．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow A　[根據(jù)上文“She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it”可推知，無論如何(anyway)，那位女士對當時那種情況也是無能為力的。] 11．A.news B．my partner C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．a(chǎn)n ambulance C　[根據(jù)空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最終援助(assistance)到了，幫那位女士回到了路上。] 12．A.greeted B．thanked C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．a(chǎn)ttracted B　[根據(jù)語境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最終解困后應是感謝(thanked)作者。] 13．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better D　[根據(jù)語境可知，那位女士從困境中解脫出來，感覺比之前好了許多。故D項符合語境。] 14．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly A　[根據(jù)上文可知，由于作者的幫助和安慰，那位女士最終心情變好了許多，由此可推知，她當時不是獨自(alone)面對困境的。] 15．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference D　[作者認為不用獨自面對困境可以產(chǎn)生很大影響(difference)。] 寫作規(guī)范練 概要寫作 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 (2019·浙江臨安昌化中學高三上學期期末)Noisy neighbors are a common problem in a society where many people live closely together.Obviously，this issue can be most significant when you share walls or a floor/ceiling with a neighbor in an apartment.A noisy neighbor can make life challenging，particularly if noise continues well into the night，or occurs during early morning hours.This situation needs to be dealt with properly，which requires your ability to keep calm. You should first attempt to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise.This conversation should be polite，even friendly.It can begin with a statement like“I'm not sure you're aware.”Explain the noise issue briefly，and ask the neighbor to turn down the music，or not to hold parties until 3 a．m.You can also add that you realize they hear your noise too，and you're certainly willing to try to stop anything in your behavior that is creating extra noise. You should know that not all neighbors are going to respond to your request，and some may respond in a bad manner.If the noisy neighbors，don't change their behavior，the next step should be to write the neighbors a letter.The letter should state the specific grievances(不滿) and any dates when the noise was particularly bothersome. For example，if your neighbor has loud gatherings every Friday night that last into the early morning，then write down those dates. When the noise remains ongoing，you should definitely report it to local authorities.Start with landlords or HOAS and continue with calls to the police department，when absolutely necessary.Often，however，the problem is resolved when the noisy neighbors know you are going to call the police. Do be aware that you cannot always request noisy neighbors to be quiet.When the noise remains ongoing，it is wise not to respond to noise in an angry or retaliatory(報復性的) fashion.If you have followed through with the steps and letter，don't start banging things around in your home or turning up the music to annoy the neighbors.Simply report their behavior to the appropriate authorities. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 【參考范文】　 Being disturbed by noisy neighbors happens commonly in our life.(要點1) To deal with this problem，you need to follow these steps.(要點2) First of all，you are advised to have a friendly conversation with your noisy neighbors about this issue.(要點3) If they don't respond or respond in a bad manner，try writing them a letter，in which you should detail the noise and your grievances.(要點4) When these two methods fail，just report the issue to relevant authorities，but do remember：don't return like for like.(要點5) 9