2019-2020學年高中英語 Unit 4 Making the news Section Ⅲ Grammar教學案 新人教版必修5

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——倒裝句 課前語法感知 Ⅰ.教材語法感知 教材原句 ①Here comes my list of “dos” and “don'ts” ... ②Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. ③Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge. ④Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) (1)倒裝句有兩種情況：一種為完全倒裝；一種為部分倒裝。例句①為完全倒裝；其余為部分倒裝。 (2)否定副詞(如：never, neither, nor, little, hardly等)位于句首時，句子常用部分倒裝。例句②就屬于這類情況。 (3)only后接狀語(可為單個副詞、介詞短語，也可為從句)位于句首時，句子常用部分倒裝。如：例句③④。 Ⅱ.真題語法感知 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too its top crop. 答案：has　該句中含有一個倒裝句。當前面的句子是肯定句時，用“so＋助動詞＋主語”表示“某人/物也……”。助動詞的選用根據前面句子的謂語動詞來判斷。 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Little I know that I would discover my love for ASL. 答案：did　含有否定意義的詞Little置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝，由語境可知，此處描述過去的事情，故應用did。 3．(2017·天津高考)Patient I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. 答案：as　當as表示“盡管”引導讓步狀語從句時，句子用部分倒裝，即將表語提前。 4．(2016·江蘇高考)Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas. 答案：did　not until位于句首時，句子需用部分倒裝結構。此處指過去所發(fā)生的動作，需用一般過去時，故答案為did。句意：直到近期，他們才開始在農村地區(qū)鼓勵發(fā)展與旅游有關的活動。 課堂合作探究 在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時為了強調句子的某一部分或其他原因，謂語需要全部或部分移到主語的前面，這種語序叫倒裝。而倒裝語序又分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。 一、完全倒裝 把整個謂語提到主語前面就稱為完全倒裝。主要有以下幾種情況： 1．當句子的謂語是go, come, run等動詞和be動詞，句中又有表示方位的副詞(there，here，up，down，out，in，away等)或時間副詞(now, then等)，且主語是名詞時。 Out rushed the boys when the bell rang. 鈴聲一響男孩們就跑了出來。 2．表示地點的介詞短語置于句首且句子的主語是名詞時。 In the middle of the town stands a tower. 小鎮(zhèn)中央矗立著一座塔。 3．such作表語，置于句首，意為“……就是如此”時。 Such were his words at the party yesterday. 這就是他昨天在晚會上說的話。 4．作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時，要用“表語＋系動詞＋主語”結構。 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 這些貨物中有圣誕樹、花、蠟燭和玩具。 Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers. 漫山遍野長滿了野花。 5．there be 表示“存在”時，其中be也可以換成appear, exist, lie, live, remain, seem, stand等動詞。 There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一座廟。 名師點津 (1)在完全倒裝句式中，謂語動詞的數要與后面主語的數一致。 (2)完全倒裝句的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則主謂語序不變。 【即景活用1】單句寫作 ①Autumn coming, the leaves. 秋天來了，樹葉落了。 ② ， an easy­going girl. 這就是海倫，一個很隨和的女孩。 ③Under that tree reading a book. 那棵樹下坐著一位年輕的姑娘，正在讀書。 ④To my great surprise, there at the door trembling in wet clothes. 讓我很吃驚的是，門口站著一個女孩，渾身顫抖，衣服濕透了。 ⑤ into the air. 弓箭直射向空中。 答案：①down fall?、赟uch is Helen　③sits a young girl ④stood a girl?、軺p went the arrow 二、部分倒裝 由于語法和修辭的原因將助動詞(包括系動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)提到主語前面，這種倒裝稱為部分倒裝，部分倒裝主要有如下幾種情況： 1．表示否定意義的詞或短語放在句首時：此類詞或短語主要有：not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, by no means, at no time, in no case, in no way, under no circumstances, on no condition等。 Never in my life have I heard such a thing. 我還從未聽過這樣一件事。 2．not until和“only＋狀語(副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)”位于句首時，主句的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。 Not until I reached home did I find that I had lost the wallet. 我回到家才發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包丟了。 Only then did I fully understand what my father said. 直到那個時候，我才完全明白父親所講的話。 名師點津 (1)not until ...句型中前面的從句不倒裝，后面的主句用部分倒裝。 (2)only后接句子主語，而非狀語時，不用倒裝。 Only he can understand me. 只有他能理解我。 3．表示“也(不)……”的so/neither/nor 位于句首表示前面的情況也適用于另一個人或物時用部分倒裝，形成“so/neither/nor＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be＋主語”結構。 (2017·全國卷Ⅰ)My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. 我的家人都聽力正常，我的朋友們也是。 My father doesn't smoke; nor/neither does her father. 我父親不吸煙，她的父親也不吸煙。 名師點津 “so＋助動詞＋主語”表示“……也一樣”，而“so＋主語＋助動詞”表示“……的確如此”。 He likes football and so does his brother. 他喜歡足球，他的弟弟也喜歡。 —David has made great progress recently. —So he has, and so have you. ——戴維最近取得了很大的進步。 ——的確如此，你也一樣。 4．not only ... but also ... 引導兩個并列分句，not only置于句首時，not only所在的分句需用倒裝，but also所在的分句不用倒裝；而neither ... nor ... 引導兩個并列分句，且neither, nor分別位于句首時，兩個分句都需要倒裝。 Not only did Bolt win the gold medal at the men's 200 m, but his teammates also won the silver and the bronze medals in the same race together. 不僅博爾特獲得了男子二百米的金牌，而且他的隊友也一起在同一個比賽中分別獲得了銀牌和銅牌。 Neither did I like the book, nor did I want to read it. 我既不喜歡這本書，也不想讀這本書。 5．某些含有否定詞的連詞結構：如no sooner ... than, hardly ...when, scarcely ...when等，把no sooner, hardly, scarcely置于句首時，主句要倒裝，從句不倒裝。 Hardly had I sat down when I heard my phone ringing. ＝No sooner had I sat down than I heard my phone ringing. 我剛坐下，我的手機就響了。 6．在結果狀語從句中，so后接形容詞、副詞或such后接名詞位于句首時，其后用部分倒裝。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family was at a great loss. 他突然患病，全家人全然不知所措。 Such an honest boy is he that we all love him! 他是一個多么誠實的孩子，我們都喜歡他！ 7．當as表示“盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句時，句子要部分倒裝，將形容詞、名詞或動詞原形提前。 Housewife as/though she is, she knows a lot about law. 盡管她是個家庭主婦，她卻通曉法律。 名師點津 形容詞或副詞提前時前面一般不加very一類的修飾語；名詞提前時前面一般不加冠詞；though可用該倒裝用法，但although無此用法。 8．在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中可以省略if，將had/were/should放在主語之前，構成部分倒裝。 Had I had time yesterday I would have helped you. 昨天我要有時間的話，我早就幫你忙了。 Were she my friend, I would ask her for help. 如果她是我的朋友，我會向她求助。 9．may 表示祝愿時，需將may放在主語前。 May you have a good holiday! 祝你假期快樂！ 【即景活用2】單句寫作 ① he reached home than the bell rang. 他一到家鈴聲就響了。 ②He can swim and I. 他會游泳，我也會。 ③Not until the teacher came in stop talking. 直到老師進來學生們才停止講話。 ④So sensitive and caring all the relatives love her very much. 她是如此善解人意、關心他人以至于所有親戚都十分喜歡她。 ⑤ regular exercise is, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 盡管定期鍛煉是很重要的，但是快要睡覺的時候鍛煉不是一個好主意。 ⑥After that we never saw her again. Nor her. 在那之后我們再也沒有見過她，也沒收到她的信。 ⑦At no time this secret. 你絕對不應該告訴她這個秘密。 ⑧Only with the help of the local guide . 只有在當地向導的幫助下，那些登山者才能得以獲救。 答案：①No sooner had　②so can?、踕id the students?、躨s she that?、軮mportant as/though?、辒id we hear from?、遱hould you inform her of?、鄔ere the mountain climbers rescued 課后演練提能 [基礎題] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Only after a year of friendly discussion Ms Garza finally say yes. 答案：did 2．—It was terribly cold last winter. — it was. I have never experienced such a cold winter season in my life. 答案：So 3．So buried (be) she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside. 答案：was 4．Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 答案：as/though 5．Not only he come, but he saw her. 答案：did Ⅱ.單句寫作 1． (我不僅對……感興趣) making a personal schedule to make sure I fit everything into my day, but I also think it might prevent me from overworking. 答案：Not only am I interested in 2．John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never (我聽到) him talk so much. 答案：had I heard 3．Out there, in the midst of the snow, (坐著一位婦女) in long, yellow clothes. 答案：sat a woman 4． (要不是) for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the cinema so often. 答案：Had it not been 5．Not until he retired from working three years ago (他才考慮) having a holiday abroad. 答案：did he consider [能力題] Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A The media provides us with the observations and experiences from which we build up our personal understanding of the world and how it works. Much of our view of reality is based on media messages. The media, to a great extent, gives us our sense of reality. Freedom of the media carries with it certain responsibilities of honesty, fairness, accuracy and accountability. The power of the media to create and destroy human values comes with great responsibility. The media is powerful in the political system, having great influence on politics and on forming social change. The power is to decide who will communicate what to whom. Television can greatly influence the election of a national leader on the basis of his or her image. Professional journalists do have a code of ethics. Journalists make a judgment about what's safe and appropriate to report, which often involves difficult choices. German sociologist Max Weber distinguishes between “ethics of conviction” and “ethics of responsibility”. According to the latter (ethics of responsibility), journalists must take into account the foreseeable consequences of their reporting, and the impact it will have on society. The former, on the other hand, asks journalists to tell the truth, regardless of the consequences. According to Weber, both ideas of ethics should be considered. Without doubt, information is power, and the big owners of the mass media are very powerful people. Television and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and websites are, largely, owned and controlled by profit­making businesses. It is not strange that their ideas will get promoted at times. It is my view that such power and responsibility should never be left in the hands of a few. I believe it is our responsibility as concerned citizens to make sure we are not merely passive viewers, readers or listeners. Together we can have a huge influence on the media by making our views known. 1．What's the first paragraph mainly about? A．Responsibilities of the media. B．Influence of the media. C．History of the media. D．Problems of the media. 答案：B　段落大意題。由第一段內容可知，人們對現(xiàn)實的觀察體驗和觀點都是基于媒體提供的信息，因而此段主要說明媒體對公眾的影響。故選B。 2．We can learn from the third paragraph that . A．the media is more interested in politics than other fields B．forming social change is the main duty of the media C．the great power of the media is controlled by political figures D．the media can affect politics by forming political figures' images 答案：D　推理判斷題。由第三段首句可知該段論述媒體在政治上所發(fā)揮的作用，結合最后一句所舉的例子，可知D項切題。 3．What can we conclude based on the passage? A．The mass media should be owned by the government. B．The media industry has developed into a new age in recent years. C．In most cases, journalists are more powerful than the owners of the media. D．The media tends to promote the ideas of the owners of profit­making businesses sometimes. 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段最后兩句可知D項切題。 4．In the writer's opinion, citizens should . A．trust the mass media B．become an influence on the media C．know how the media works D．try to report news themselves 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“we are not merely passive viewers ... , we can have a huge influence on the media by making our views known”可知作者的觀點是反對媒體由少數人控制，大眾應該發(fā)表自己的觀點來影響媒體輿論。故選B。 B (2019·山東省濟寧一中高三第一次調研考試)Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco­guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews. Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry­funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming. So it was strange to see Mr Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.” Such one­sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible”． A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half­blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly. 5．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？ A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco­guilt”． B．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. C．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據第一段第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them.”可知，一些懷疑主義者拒絕承認人類行為對環(huán)境的嚴重威脅。C項“People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.”內容與之相符，故C項正確。 6．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books? A．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world. B．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. C．The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews. D．Industry­funded media present confusing information. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第二段第三句及最后一句“Indeed, Mr Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry­funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.”可知，Lomborg寫的書很受歡迎是因為他的觀點和很多受到工業(yè)資助的組織一致，背后有大的企業(yè)在維護他們的利益，用Lomborg的觀點來混淆視聽，故B項正確。 7．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to . A．find fault with Lomborg's book B．voice a different opinion C．challenge the authority of the media D．point out the value of scientific views 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容及關鍵信息“But only a different review appeared in Nature”可知，Lomborg如此片面的觀點本應該一出現(xiàn)就立即受到質疑，《自然》雜志認為Lomborg更喜歡在書中使用未經檢驗的材料，因此他的觀點是難以相信的。作者提出《自然》雜志是為了表達不同的觀點，故B項正確。 8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. B．To warn the public of the danger of half­blindness with reviews. C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information. D．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. 答案：A　主旨大意題。根據最后一段第一句“A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”可知，作者認為新聞媒體要有批判性的眼光，應向人們客觀全面地呈現(xiàn)信息，故A項正確。 Ⅱ.語法填空 (2019·四川謝洪中學期中)There was a time when, if a lady got into a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer his seat 1 her. But now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, 2 (leave) the lady standing 3 someone else gets off. You can't entirely blame men for their change in manners. 4 (go) are the days when women could be referred to the weak. A whole generation has grown up demanding equality with men in jobs, in education and in social life. Hold a door for some women and you are likely 5 (get) an angry lecture on treating women as weaklings. Take a girl out for a meal and she will 6 (probable) insist on paying her share of the bill. It's no wonder that men 7 (give) up some of the gestures of politeness and consideration 8 they used to show towards women. All these, according to some sociologists, will change men's attitude towards women and the 9 (tradition) active politeness is perhaps slowly 10 (replace) by true consideration for the needs and feelings of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.to　2.leaving　3.until　4.Gone　5.to get 6．probably　7.have given　8.that/which　9.traditional 10．being replaced - 12 -