2017-2018學年高中英語 Unit 1 Lifestyles Section Ⅳ Grammar教學案 北師大版必修1

Section Ⅳ Grammar 單元語法項目(一)——一般現在時和現在進行時 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現 ①What do you do at weekends? ②Do you often study at weekends? ③I often watch TV series, sport and news. ④I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family. ⑤Light travels faster than sound. ⑥The train leaves at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning. ⑦We are learning English at the moment. ⑧Listen, she’s now complaining about her lunch. ⑨Brian Blakey is sitting on his sofa. ⑩Brian’s wife is working as a secretary. [我的發(fā)現] (1)句①～⑥使用了一般現在時；其謂語動詞的構成是：動詞原形或動詞的第三人稱單數形式。 (2)句⑦～⑩使用了現在進行時；其謂語動詞的構成是：動詞­ing形式。 (3)一般現在時的時間狀語：at_weekends,_often,_seldom等。 (4)現在進行時的時間狀語：at_the_moment,_now等。 一、一般現在時 (一)構成和句式 肯定式：主語＋do/does或be(am, is, are)＋其他 否定式：主語＋do/does＋not或be(am, is, are)＋not＋其他 疑問式：Do/Does或Be(Am, Is, Are)＋主語＋其他 (二)用法 1．表示經常、反復或習慣性的動作 常與often, always, usually, sometimes, every time/day/month/year ..., once a day/month/year ..., now and then, at the weekend等時間狀語連用。 I leave home for school at 7 o’clock every morning. 我每天早晨七點鐘離開家去學校。 She often answers some personal e­mails at the weekend. 她經常在周末回復一些私人郵件。 [即時演練1]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①On Monday mornings it usually takes (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. ②We sometimes play (play) basketball after school. ③I always do (do) my homework on weekends. 2．表示主語目前所處的狀態(tài)、個性特征、能力等 I love to get together with my friends. 我喜歡和我的朋友在一起。 We have a very good relationship with the children. 我們與孩子們相處得非常融洽。 [即時演練2] (1)單句語法填空 ①He likes (like) playing basketball while his brother loves (love) surfing the Internet. ②Ann writes (write) good English but does not speak well. (2)單句改錯 This machine didn’t work.It hasn’t worked for years. didn’t→doesn’t 3．表示客觀真理、客觀存在或科學事實 The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉動。 Two and four makes six. 二加四等于六。 [名師點津]　此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我上小學時就知道了地球圍繞太陽轉。 [即時演練3] (1)完成句子 ①The teacher told us all the live things on the earth depend_on_the_sun (依靠太陽)． ②My mother always tells us that failure_is_the_mother_of_success (失敗是成功之母)． (2)單句改錯 My geography teacher told us oceans covered more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface.covered→cover 4．表示將來發(fā)生的動作 表示按規(guī)定、計劃等預計要發(fā)生的動作，只限于go，come, leave, start, arrive, return, begin, take off等動詞(詞組)。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飛機每星期三、五2：30起飛。 The film starts at 7 o’clock this morning. 這部電影于今天上午7點整開始。 [即時演練4]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①According to the timetable, the flight No.232 to Beijing leaves (leave) at 10：30 am. We’d better set out right now, or we’ll be late. ②The concert begins (begin) at 7：30 and ends (end) at 9：30. ③The plane takes (take) off at 11：30 and arrives (arrive) in Shanghai at 1：20. 5．用于時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中 在由when, after, before, as soon as, the minute, until, if, unless, once, as long as, though, although等引導的時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，常用一般現在時來代替將來時，這時主句常用一般將來時。 If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam. 如果你努力學習，你就會通過這次考試。 We will go out for a walk as soon as the rain stops. 雨一停我們就出去散步。 [即時演練5]　完成句子 ①(2014·湖南高考改編)Whenever you buy_a_present (買禮物), you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view. ②(2014·大綱卷改編)Unless some extra money is_found (被找到), the theatre will close. ③(2014·重慶高考改編)You’d better write down her phone number before you_forget_it (你忘掉它)． 二、現在進行時 (一)構成和句式 肯定式：主語＋be(am, is, are)＋doing＋其他 否定式：主語＋be(am, is, are)＋not＋doing＋其他 疑問式：Be(Am, Is, Are)＋主語＋doing＋其他 (二)用法 1．表示說話時正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 常與時間狀語now, right now, at the moment等連用，如果句子中出現提示語如look, listen, hurry (up)等也經常用現在進行時。 Don’t make any noise.The baby is sleeping now. 不要吵，孩子正在睡覺。 Look！He is flying a kite. 看！他正在放風箏。 [即時演練6]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①(2014·北京高考改編) —Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I am_filling (fill) in an application form for a new job. ②(2013·北京高考改編)Hurry up！Mark and Carol are_expecting (expect) us. ③Listen! Someone is_singing (sing) in the next room. 2．表示現階段正在進行，但說話時動作不一定進行 常與時間狀語at present, these days, nowadays等連用。 How are you getting on with your study these days? 近來你的學習怎樣？ At present, scientists are looking for a cure for cancer. 目前，科學家們正在尋找治愈癌癥的方法。 [即時演練7]　完成句子 ①We can’t move in; the house is_being_painted (正在被粉刷) at present. ②We are_eating_a_lot_of_seafood (吃很多海鮮) in Qingdao these days. ③He is_writing_a_novel (正在寫一部小說) nowadays. 3．表示反復出現或習慣性的動作 常與always, forever, constantly, all the time等搭配使用，隱含說話人的贊揚、喜好或厭惡等情緒。 She is always helping people.(贊揚) 她總是樂于助人。 He is constantly talking loudly in public。(厭惡) 他總是在公共場合大聲說話。 [即時演練8]　完成句子 ①He is_always_complaining_about (老是抱怨) his work. ②He is_always_thinking_more_of_himself (總是為自己想得多) but little of others. 4．表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事 動詞go, come, start, begin, move, win, leave, run out, take off, return等可用現在進行時表將來。 —Are you still very busy? —Yes, I am just finishing the report for the manager and it won’t take long. ——你還很忙嗎？ ——是的。我快要完成經理的報告，它不會用多長時間了。 —Mr Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school. —OK, I am coming to that. ——哈里先生，我們想聽聽你對于我們學校正在實施的改革的意見。 ——好的，我正要講到(那個事情)。 [即時演練9]　完成句子 ①(2012·重慶高考改編)Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are_running_out (快用完了). We must act immediately before there’s none left. ②I am_leaving_for_Shanghai (即將動身去上海) the day after tomorrow but my uncle is_returning_from_abroad (要從國外回來) tomorrow. ③He_is_coming_to_attend_your_birthday_party (他會來參加你的生日宴會) this afternoon. 5．表示由一種狀態(tài)轉入另一種狀態(tài)的漸進過程 連系動詞become, begin, turn, get, go等常用現在進行時。 Autumn is coming. It’s getting cooler and cooler. 秋天要來了，天氣越來越涼了。 [即時演練10]　翻譯句子 ①樹葉在變紅。 The_leaves_are_turning_red. ②他開始想家了。 He_is_beginning_to_miss_his_home. 6．下面四類動詞不宜用于進行時態(tài) (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情態(tài)的動詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。 He loves her very much. 他非常愛她。 (2)表示存在、占有與從屬的動詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on等。 Look at the pride on Tom’s face.He seems to have been praised by the manager just now. 看湯姆臉上驕傲的神情，他似乎剛才被經理表揚了。 (3)表示行為結果的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。 I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 (4)表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。 I can hear a funny noise. 我能聽到一個古怪的聲響。 [即時演練11]　完成句子 ①Look! The car over there belongs_to_me (屬于我)． ②She understands_you_better (更好的理解你) now after getting along with you more than two months. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．The sun rises (rise) every morning from the east and sets (set) every evening in the west. 2．—Betty, where does the great noise come from? —A group of boys are_playing (play) football at the back of our house. 3．Hurry up, kids！The school bus is_waiting (wait) for us. 4．If nothing is_done (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 5．—Can I borrow your car? —Sorry. It is_being_repaired (repair)． 6. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers (bother) us. 7．Next Sunday many people are_coming (come)to my birthday party. 8．It often takes (take) him half an hour to finish his homework. 9．He’s lost his key again.He is always making (make) such mistakes. 10．I will discuss this matter with you when we meet (meet) next time. Ⅱ.單句寫作(完成句子) 1．(2015·四川高考改編)When I speak English, I often feel_a_little_nervous (感到有點緊張). 2．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ改編)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is_very_popular among_us_students (在我們學生當中很受歡迎)． 3．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ改編)Since you are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures (對傳統(tǒng)中國文化感興趣), I think this festival is_well_worth_experiencing (很值得去體驗一下)． 4．(2015·陜西高考改編)As an outgoing girl, I get_along_well_with_my_classmates (與我的同學相處得很融洽)． 5．(2015·浙江高考改編)I usually express_my_opinion (表達我的觀點) at an appropriate time in appropriate ways to try to persuade others. 6．(2014·安徽高考改編)I’m sorry to know that you’re_having_such_a_bad_time (你過得不好) at the moment. 7．(2014·天津高考改編)If you come to our school, you are_likely_to_meet_some_difficult problems (有可能會遇到一些難題) in your life. 8．(2014·上海高考改編)You say in your paper that you’re_thinking_about (你們正在考慮) removing a column from your paper to make room for a new one. 單元語法項目(二)——一般將來時 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現 ①I’ll put some warm water in the basin so you can wash your face. ②What is she going to do in Inner Mongolia? ③It is getting dark.It looks as if it is going to rain. ④I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. ⑤He is coming to see you tomorrow. ⑥The train leaves at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. ⑦Here comes the bus. ⑧If he comes, I will phone you first. ⑨The new school term begins after I arrive. ⑩The international climate conference begins at 10 o’clock tomorrow according to the timetable. [我的發(fā)現] (1)句①謂語由will＋動詞原形構成，用來表示單純的將來安排和打算；句②中be_going_to意為“打算”，說明主語的意圖，即將要做某事；句③中be_going_to表示已有跡象表明將發(fā)生某事。 (2)句④和句⑤謂語的構成分別為：be＋動詞不定式；be＋doing，表示計劃較強的將來動作。 (3)句⑥、句⑦、句⑧謂語動詞的共同特點是：用一般現在時表示將來。 (4)句⑨、句⑩中用一般現在時表示不可改變的官方活動或時間表。 　　 一、概念 一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作，常常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，常用的時間副詞有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next＋時間(next Monday ..., next week, next month ..., next summer ..., next year)，in (the) future (將來), soon (不久之后), in＋時間[in five days (再過五天), in two weeks (再過兩星期)]等。 二、結構 1．shall/will＋動詞原形 用來表示單純的將來的安排和打算(將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài))。在口語中，will用于所有人稱，書面語中第一人稱常用shall。 I’ll go and see her on Sunday. 我星期天要去看她。 I shall/will graduate from the drama school next week. 我下個星期就要從戲劇學校畢業(yè)了。 [即時演練1]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①(2015·湖南高考改編)As you go through this book, you will_find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. ②(2015·安徽高考改編)It is reported that a space station will_be_built (build) on the moon in years to come. ③(2015·四川高考改編)More expressways will_be_built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. ④(2014·北京高考改編)—What time is it? —I have no idea.But just a minute，I will_check (check) it for you. ⑤(2013·遼寧高考改編)We are confident that the environment will_be_improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 2．be going to＋動詞原形 用“be going to＋動詞原形”來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作以及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為“打算；就要”。 (1)表示打算或按計劃、安排要做(發(fā)生)的事。 I am going to visit the volunteers this evening. 我打算今天晚上去拜訪那些志愿者們。 The TV play is going to be shown at 8：00 this evening. 這部電視劇將在今晚8點上演。 (2)表示根據某種跡象認為在最近或將來要發(fā)生的事。 Look at these clouds.It looks as if it is going to rain. 看看這些烏云，看起來要下雨了。 [即時演練2]　完成句子 ①Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is_going_to_visit_Beijing (打算去參觀北京) this summer. ②They are_going_to_hold_a_meeting (打算召開一個會議) to discuss that thing this afternoon. ③The dark clouds are gathering as if it_is_going_to_rain (天要下雨了)． 3．be to＋動詞原形 (1)表示預先安排好的計劃或約定。 President Xi Jinping is to visit that country next week. 習近平主席下周將訪問那個國家。 (2)表示說話人的意志、意圖、職責、命令、義務等。 All the questions are to be answered at once. 必須立刻回答所有的問題。 (3)表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。 Your plan is to be a failure. 你的計劃注定要失敗。 [即時演練3]　完成句子 ①They are_to_meet_at_the_school__gate (將在學校門口見面)． ②No one is_to_leave_the_room (離開這個房間) without permission. ③You are_to_go_to_bed (要睡覺了) and keep quiet, kids. 4．be about to＋動詞原形 表示客觀即將要發(fā)生或眼下馬上就要發(fā)生的事，一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。但可以與when引導的時間狀語從句連用，意為“正要做……，這時……”。 They are about to carry out the plan. 他們即將要實施這個計劃。 I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我剛要上床睡覺，這時電話響了。 [即時演練4]　完成句子 ①She was_about_to_begin (正要開始), but Jennie spoke first. ②He was_about_to_leave_the_office (正要離開辦公室) when the telephone rang. 5．現在進行時表示將來 現在進行時表示將來，往往表示計劃好或準備要做的事，常用于一些表示位置轉移的終止性動詞，如go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, take, take off, fly等，表示馬上要做某事。 He is leaving school in one year’s time. 他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。 Wait a minute.I’m coming. 等一會，我馬上就來。 [即時演練5]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①(2012·湖南高考改編)“The moment is_coming(come) soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. ②I am_taking (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday. ③We are_leaving (leave) tomorrow morning. 6．一般現在時表示將來 (1)表示按照時刻表要發(fā)生的事情，這種用法主要指嚴格按照原定計劃、時刻表將要發(fā)生的事情。 The new library opens next month. 新圖書館下個月開放。 The sports meet takes place next week. 運動會下周舉行。 (2)在以when, while, after, before, as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句和以if, unless, once等引導的條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時表示將來。 I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work. 一完成工作，我就和你一起去。 We will go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去購物。 [即時演練6]　用所給詞的適當形式填空 ①Do call me before you come (come) next time. ②Tom won’t attend the party unless he is_invited (invite)． ③Christmas falls (fall) on 25th December. ④If he comes (come), I’ll show him around our city. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．If he wins (win), I will inform you as soon as possible. 2．(2013·湖南高考改編)“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I will_be (be) president，” said the boy, with a smile. 3．When it comes (come) to the question, I will make no answer. 4．Her ship leaves (leave) at 7：40 pm, so she is_leaving (leave) home at 7：00. 5．I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes (come) back. 6．I was about to_go (go) out when my boss came. 7．The mid­term exam is_coming (come), and everyone is trying hard to study. 8．I shall_leave (leave) for Canada next Friday. Ⅱ.單句寫作(完成句子) 1．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ改編)By organizing these cultural and social activities, I’m sure they_will_have_great_fun (他們將玩得很開心) and spend a meaningful day. 2．(2015·北京高考改編)I am writing to tell you that I_am_going_to_take_part_in (我打算參加) a Dragon Boat Training Camp this summer. 3．Last but not least, in this way, the_students_will_understand_the_spirit_of_teamwork (同學們將會理解團隊合作的精神)． 4．(2015·天津高考改編) At the same time, we_are_going_to_bring_along_about_five hundred_books (我們打算帶去近五百本書) with us for your class. 5．(2014·江西高考改編)In the next three years of your senior high school life, you_will_face more_and_more_challenges (你將會面臨越來越多的挑戰(zhàn))． 6．(2014·福建高考改編)I_was_about_to_give_up (我正要放棄) when my best friend encouraged me to go on. 7．(2014·福建高考改編)If you keep on trying, you_will_improve_your_maths (你將會提高你的數學水平)． 8．Worse still, if we spend too much time on phones, we_will_lose_the_communication skills (我們將失去交流技能) we need in the future. 12