2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語 Unit 2 Heroes Section Ⅴ Grammar教學(xué)案 北師大版必修1

Unit 2 Heroes Section Ⅴ Grammar 單元語法項(xiàng)目(一)——一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①China’s first manned spaceship lifted off at 9 a．m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. ②The launch was very successful. ③During the 21­hour space flight, the Shenzhou Ⅴ circled the earth 14 times. ④He was also able to speak with his wife and 8­year­old son. ⑤At 6：23 a．m. on October 16th, Yang Liwei landed in Inner Mongolia safely. ⑥When the spaceship was lifting off, I could really feel the high gravity. ⑦While the spaceship was circling the earth for the sixth time, Yang Liwei spoke with ground control in Gansu. ⑧While he was sleeping, the spaceship circled the earth twice. ⑨The naughty boys were constantly making trouble. ⑩He said that he was coming to see me next week. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)例句①②③④⑤的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)。 (2)例句⑥⑦⑧中，從句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (3)例句⑨是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly等副詞連用，表示感情色彩。 (4)例句⑩中，從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。 一、一般過去時(shí) 1．構(gòu)成和句式 構(gòu)成：主語＋動詞過去式或be (was, were) 句式：否定句把not加在did或be后，疑問句把did或be提到主語前。 2．用法 (1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week/month ..., just now, in 2014, two years ago, a moment ago等。 He bought the computer five years ago. 他五年前買的這臺電腦。 The boy fell off his bike yesterday. 這個(gè)男孩昨天從自行車上摔了下來。 I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. 今天早上我早餐吃了兩個(gè)雞蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。 [即時(shí)演練1]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①(2015·福建高考改編)To my delight, I was_chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. ②(2015·湖南高考改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I asked (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？” ③(2015·重慶高考改編)—Is Peter coming? —No, he changed (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. (2)表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動作。常與often, usually, sometimes等表示頻度的副詞連用。 When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。 Her father usually did some housework at home last year. 去年，她爸爸在家常做些家務(wù)。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作，也可用used to或would, would比used to更正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)在已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。 I was once weak at maths and used to doubt my ability to study maths.(2014·山東高考) 曾經(jīng)我的數(shù)學(xué)很差，我也曾懷疑過我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的能力。 When he was in Hangzhou, he would take a walk after work. 在杭州時(shí)，他常常下班后去散步。 [即時(shí)演練2]　完成句子 ①我在農(nóng)村的時(shí)候經(jīng)常去河里游泳。 When I was in the countryside, I_often_swam_in_the_river. ②他過去吸煙很厲害，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。 He_used_to_smoke_a_lot,_but he doesn’t now. (3)表示過去相繼發(fā)生的一系列的連續(xù)動作。 He got up, washed his face, had his breakfast and went to school by bus. 他起床，洗了臉，吃了早飯就乘公交車上學(xué)去了。 (4)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中可用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動作。 He said he would buy some presents for me if he went there. 他說如果他去那兒的話，他將給我買些禮物。 [即時(shí)演練3]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked (look) at the captain, and then died (die)． ②Tom was late. He opened (open) the door quietly, moved in and walked (walk) carefully to his seat. ③Tom said he would come if I promised (promise) to wait for him. ④He said when she came (come) he would tell her. 二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．構(gòu)成和句式 構(gòu)成：be (was, were)＋doing 句式：否定句把not加在be后，疑問句把be提到主語前。 2．用法 (1)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。常和時(shí)間狀語then, at that moment/ time, at this/that time yesterday, at ten ... o’clock yesterday等連用。 I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)我們一直都在看電視。 [即時(shí)演練4]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①(2015·湖南高考改編)He must have sensed that I was_looking (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？” ②(2014·四川高考改編) She was_phoning (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. ③(2013·湖南高考改編)—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry.But I was_doing (do) my homework. (2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always, forever, continually 等副詞連用，表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩。 She was always ringing me up when I was in London. 我在倫敦時(shí)她總不停地給我打電話。(表厭煩) My grandmother was always helping others when she lived here. 當(dāng)我奶奶住在這兒的時(shí)候，她總是樂于幫助別人。(表贊揚(yáng)) (3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示過去將來，常用于come, go, leave, arrive, start等表示位置移動的詞。 He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他告訴我他明天將要去上海。 [即時(shí)演練5] (1) 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①(2014·重慶高考改編) James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he was_coming (come) until yesterday. ②(2013·大綱卷改編)We were_leaving (leave) very early so we packed the night before. ③(2013·江西高考改編) I was_coming (come) to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. (2)完成句子 ①湯姆總是不停地抱怨他工作繁忙。 Tom was_always_complaining_about his busy job. ②雷鋒總是為人民做好事。 Lei Feng was_always_doing_good_deeds for the people. 三、一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過去時(shí)常表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的動作)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的某一件事；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過程中所進(jìn)行的動作或展開的背景。 He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他畫了一幅畫。(過去發(fā)生的動作已完成) He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon when I visited him. 昨天下午當(dāng)我去拜訪他的時(shí)候，他正在畫一幅畫。(過去正在進(jìn)行的動作) Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．He said he would not go if it rained (rain)． 2．In 2000, I went to Zhengzhou and studied (study) there for four years, majoring in history. 3．(2013·安徽高考改編)I’m calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it? 4．(2013·山東高考改編)I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it was (be) pretty good. 5．Unfortunately, when I went to the office, the manager was_leaving (leave) for Shanghai, so we had only time for few words. 6．—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No, I was_doing (do) my homework all day yesterday. 7．We often played (play) together when we were children. 8．When I got on the bus, I realized (realize) I had left my wallet at home. 9．He is always calming (calm) himself down whatever danger he may meet. 10．—Hey, Gary, did Linda see you come in? —I don’t think so. She was_going (go) over her lessons then. Ⅱ.單句寫作(完成句子) 1．(2015·廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was_waiting_for_her (正在等著她)． 2．(2015·四川高考滿分作文)I_learned_from_your_post (從你的發(fā)帖中我了解到) that you want to improve your Mandarin. 3．(2015·浙江高考滿分作文)Most_of_my_classmates_wanted_to_go_to_a_park (我們班大部分同學(xué)想去公園) while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I_managed_to_persuade_my_classmates (我設(shè)法成功地說服我的同學(xué)) into accepting my idea. 4．(2015·廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))Two_boys_were_fighting (兩個(gè)小男孩正在打架) in the far corner, yet the rest of the class seemed not to notice them. 5．(2015·廣東高考讀寫任務(wù))Finally, she_not_only_earned_their_respect (她不僅贏得了他們的尊敬), but also helped them grow to be well­behaved, confident and considerate. 6．(2014·湖北高考滿分作文)I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing (正在十字路口等綠燈) when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car. 單元語法項(xiàng)目(二)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 語法圖解 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) ①Venus is now eleventh in the world, and her younger sister Serena has moved up to third. ②Finally, in 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back. ③He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to compete against each other. ④They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end. ⑤The sisters’ road to success has been amazing. ⑥Since then, she has won Wimbledon and the US Open twice. ⑦Serena has continued to improve and make fantastic progress. ⑧Has tennis ever caused problems between the sisters? ⑨“We have played each other before and it hasn’t worried us yet！”says Venus. [我的發(fā)現(xiàn)] (1)例句①④⑤⑥⑧⑨表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài)。 (2)例句②③表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 (3)例句⑦表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定式：have/has＋過去分詞 否定式：have/has not＋過去分詞 疑問式：have/has＋主語＋過去分詞 I have already finished all the work. 我已經(jīng)做完了所有的工作。 I have not read this book before. 我以前沒有讀過這本書。 Have you finished your homework? 你寫完作業(yè)了嗎？ 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1．表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的某種影響或結(jié)果。常被just, already, yet, so far, never, recently/lately等副詞修飾。 Have you heard from your brother recently? 你最近收到你兄弟的來信了嗎？ We have already known each other. 我們已經(jīng)彼此認(rèn)識了。 [即時(shí)演練1]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①(2015·天津高考改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides. ②(2014·江蘇高考改編)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media have_covered (cover) it in a variety of forms. ③(2014·大綱卷改編)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody has_seen (see) them since. 2．表示發(fā)生在過去，從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常帶有for和since以及in the past/last few years, over the past years等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。 And I have been a broadcaster in the school’s broadcasting station for years.(2015·四川高考) 我在學(xué)校廣播站擔(dān)任廣播員已經(jīng)多年了。 Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自從到這個(gè)城市以來，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。 [即時(shí)演練2]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①(2015·北京高考改編)In the last few years, China has_made (make) great achievements in environmental protection. ②(2013·北京高考改編)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has_been_made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. ③(2013·湖南高考改編)—Have you heard about the recent election? —Sure, it has_been (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days. 3．表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為“……過”，常帶有twice, ever, never, once, before, three times等時(shí)間狀語。 I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次了。 I have seen the film many times. 這部電影我看過多次了。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　have/has been (to)和have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別： have/has been (to)表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地”，側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have/has gone (to)表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了”，說話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里。 Tom has been to Japan; I have also been there. 湯姆曾去過日本；我也去過。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了) Tom has gone to Beijing and he will come back next week. 湯姆去北京了，下個(gè)星期回來。(現(xiàn)在不在這兒) 4．用于固定句式： (1)This/That/It is the first (second, third ...) time that ...“這是第一(二、三……)次……”，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the first time that I have watched stars through a telescope. 這是我第一次通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡看星星。 (2)“This/That/It is the＋最高級＋名詞＋that從句”中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen. 這是我所看過的最好的電影。 (3)在“It＋has been＋一段時(shí)間＋since ...”句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。 It is/has been six years since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)六年了。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last Sunday, in 1990, three years ago等。 (2)come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。若用，必須改為be, have等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。 The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已開始十分鐘了。 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1．側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響即現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果；而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即發(fā)生的時(shí)間。 The price of it has gone down, but I wonder if it’ll remain so. 它的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降下來了，但我不知道是否會繼續(xù)保持這樣。(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在仍然很低) The price of it went down for a long time last year. 去年它的價(jià)格下降過很長一段時(shí)間。(強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系) 2．時(shí)間狀語不同 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副詞以及“for＋時(shí)間段”、 “since＋過去時(shí)間/從句”等時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)則常與just now, the other day, in 2011等表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。 She has lived here since two years ago. 她自從兩年前就住在這里了。 She lived here two years ago. 兩年前她住在這里。 [即時(shí)演練3]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①When I was at college, I spoke (speak) three foreign languages, but I have_forgotten (forget) all except a few words of each. ②—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I haven’t_played (not play) the piano for years. ③Tom wrote (write) a letter to his parents last night. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．(2015·重慶高考改編)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has_been_cut (cut)． 2．His first novel has_received (receive) good reviews since it came (come) out last month. 3．According to the report, the number of people out of work has_increased (increase) by 10% in the past two years. 4．We haven’t_seen (not see) each other ever since we graduated from high school in 1990. 5．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances (物質(zhì)) have_been_discovered (discover) in the past years. 6．For many years, people have_dreamed (dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. 7．It is the second time that I have_made (make) the mistake. 8．(2014·福建高考改編)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. Ⅱ.單句寫作(完成句子) 1．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ改編)So my_classmates_and_I_have_decided_to_organize (我和同學(xué)們已決定組織) some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them, which will last about 3 hours. 2．(2015·陜西高考改編)I_have_just_learned_from_the_advertisement (我剛剛從廣告上獲悉) that 20 student volunteers are wanted for the English Culture Festival. 3．(2015·天津高考改編)Our_school_has_decided_to_donate_some_books (我們學(xué)校已決定捐贈一些圖書) to your Chinese class to enhance the friendship between our two schools. 4．(2015·四川高考改編)I_have_taught_some_foreigners (我教過一些外國人) Mandarin, which makes me have much experience in teaching. 5．(2014·天津高考改編)In the past few years, our_city_has_changed_a_lot (我們的城市發(fā)生了很大的變化)． 6．(2014·四川高考改編)In the past few months, I’ve_made_good_preparations (我已經(jīng)做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備) and felt pretty confident. 10